different between privilege vs condescend
privilege
English
Alternative forms
- priviledg, priviledge (obsolete)
Etymology
From Middle English privilege, from Anglo-Norman privilege and Old French privilege, from Latin pr?vil?gium (“ordinance or law against or in favor of an individual”), from pr?vus (“private”) + l?x, l?g- (“law”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?p??v(?)l?d?/
- Hyphenation: priv?i?lege, privi?lege
Noun
privilege (countable and uncountable, plural privileges)
- (ecclesiastical law, now chiefly historical) An exemption from certain laws granted by the Pope. [from 8th c.]
- (countable) A particular benefit, advantage, or favor; a right or immunity enjoyed by some but not others; a prerogative, preferential treatment. [from 10th c.]
- Synonyms: franchise, freelage, immunity, prerogative, right
- An especially rare or fortunate opportunity; the good fortune (to do something). [from 14th c.]
- 2012, The Observer, letter, 29 April:
- I had the privilege to sit near him in the House for a small part of his Commons service and there was an additional device provided to aid his participation in debates.
- 2012, The Observer, letter, 29 April:
- (uncountable) The fact of being privileged; the status or existence of (now especially social or economic) benefit or advantage within a given society. [from 14th c.]
- Synonyms: advantage, foredeal
- c. 1390, Geoffrey Chaucer, Melibeus:
- He is worthy to lesen his priuilege that mysvseth the myght and the power that is yeuen hym.
- 2013, The Guardian, 21 Oct, (headline):
- South Africa's 'miracle transition' has not put an end to white privilege.
- A right or immunity enjoyed by a legislative body or its members. [from 16th c.]
- Synonym: immunity
- 2001, The Guardian, leader, 1 May:
- Dr Grigori Loutchansky is – according to a congressman speaking under congressional privilege – a "purported Russian mob figure".
- (countable, US, finance, now rare) A stock market option. [from 19th c.]
- (law) A common law doctrine that protects certain communications from being used as evidence in court.
- (computing) An ability to perform an action on the system that can be selectively granted or denied to users.
- Synonym: permission
Synonyms
- claim, liberty
Derived terms
- cisprivilege
Translations
Verb
privilege (third-person singular simple present privileges, present participle privileging, simple past and past participle privileged)
- (archaic) To grant some particular right or exemption to; to invest with a peculiar right or immunity; to authorize
- (archaic) To bring or put into a condition of privilege or exemption from evil or danger; to exempt; to deliver.
Related terms
- allege
Translations
References
- privilege at OneLook Dictionary Search
- privilege in Keywords for Today: A 21st Century Vocabulary, edited by The Keywords Project, Colin MacCabe, Holly Yanacek, 2018.
- privilege in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
Old French
Noun
privilege m (oblique plural privileges, nominative singular privileges, nominative plural privilege)
- privilege (benefit only given to certain people)
Descendants
- ? English: privilege
- Middle French: privilege
- French: privilège
References
- Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l'ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle (1881) (privilege, supplement)
privilege From the web:
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condescend
English
Etymology
From Middle English condescenden, from Old French condescendre, from Late Latin cond?scendere (“to let one's self down, stoop, condescend”), from Latin con- (“together”) + d?scendere, present active infinitive of d?scend? (“I come down”); see descend.
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /?k?nd??s?nd/
- (US) IPA(key): /?k??nd??s?nd/
Verb
condescend (third-person singular simple present condescends, present participle condescending, simple past and past participle condescended)
- (intransitive) To come down from one's superior position; to deign (to do something).
- 1665, John Dryden, The Indian Emperour, act 1, scene 2:
- Spain's mighty monarch […] / In gracious clemency, does condescend / On these conditions, to become your friend.
- 1665, John Dryden, The Indian Emperour, act 1, scene 2:
- (intransitive) To treat (someone) as though inferior; to be patronizing (toward someone); to talk down (to someone).
- 1848, William Makepeace Thackeray, Vanity Fair, Chapter 14:
- I admire that admiration which the genteel world sometimes extends to the commonalty. There is no more agreeable object in life than to see Mayfair folks condescending.
- At her invitation he outlined for her the succeeding chapters with terse military accuracy?; and what she liked best and best understood was avoidance of that false modesty which condescends, turning technicality into pabulum.
- 1848, William Makepeace Thackeray, Vanity Fair, Chapter 14:
- (transitive, rare, possibly nonstandard) To treat (someone) as though inferior; to be patronizing toward (someone); to talk down to (someone).
- ANDIE. I wasn't condescending you; I was just asking.
- THOMAS. No. You said “angry black man.” Like my anger only exists in a stereotype. That's condescending.
- (intransitive, obsolete) To consent, agree.
- 1671, John Milton, Samson Agonistes, lines 1134-36:
- Can they think me so broken, so debased / With corporal servitude, that my mind ever / Will condescend to such absurd commands?
- 1671, John Milton, Samson Agonistes, lines 1134-36:
- (intransitive, obsolete) To come down.
Usage notes
- "Condescend" is a catenative verb that takes the to infinitive. See Appendix:English catenative verbs
- In sense “to talk down”, the derived participial adjective condescending (and corresponding adverb condescendingly) are more common than the verb itself.
- In older usage, "condescend" could be used non-pejoratively (in a sense similar to that of treating someone as inferior) to describe the action of those who socialized in a friendly way with their social inferiors. Now that the concept of social inferiors has largely fallen out of currency, so has this non-pejorative sense. Thus, in w:Pride_and_Prejudice, a character could say of another, "I need not say you will be delighted with her. She is all affability and condescension.”
Synonyms
- (come down from superior position): acquiesce, deign, stoop, vouchsafe
- (talk down, treat as inferior): patronize, belittle, put on airs
- (consent): yield
- (come down): descend
Related terms
- condescendence
- condescend upon
- condescension
- descend
Translations
Further reading
- condescend in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
- condescend in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
condescend From the web:
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