different between person vs presence
person
English
Etymology
From Middle English persoun, personne et al., from Anglo-Norman parsone, persoun et al. (Old French persone (“human being”), French personne), and its source Latin pers?na (“mask used by actor; role, part, character”), perhaps a loanword from Etruscan ???????????????????? (?ersu, “mask”). Displaced native wight (from Old English wiht (“person, human being”)). Doublet of parson and persona.
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /?p??s?n/, [?p???sn?]
- (General American) enPR: pûr?sn, pûr?s?n, IPA(key): /?p?s?n/, [?p??sn?]
- Rhymes: -??(?)s?n
- Hyphenation: per?son
Noun
person (plural persons or (by suppletion) people)
- An individual; usually a human being. [from 13th c.]
- 1784, William Jones, The Description and Use of a New Portable Orrery, &c., PREFACE
- THE favourable reception the Orrery has met with from Per?ons of the fir?t di?tinction, and from Gentlemen and Ladies in general, has induced me to add to it ?everal new improvements in order to give it a degree of Perfection; and di?tingui?h it from others; which by Piracy, or Imitation, may be introduced to the Public.
- A character or part, as in a play; a specific kind or manifestation of individual character, whether in real life, or in literary or dramatic representation; an assumed character.
- his first appearance upon the stage in his new person of a sycophant or juggler
- 1673, Jeremy Taylor, Heniaytos: A Course of Sermons for All the Sundays of the Year […]
- No man can long put on a person and act a part.
- 1664, Robert South, Of the Love of Christ to his Disciples
- How different […] is the same man from himself, as he sustains the person of a magistrate, and […] that of a friend!
- (Christianity) Any one of the three hypostases of the Holy Trinity: the Father, Son, or Holy Spirit.
- 1892, Book of Common Prayer, The Litanie
- three persons and one God
- 1892, Book of Common Prayer, The Litanie
- (chiefly in science fiction) Any sentient or socially intelligent being.
- (in a compound noun or noun phrase) Someone who likes or has an affinity for (a specified thing). [from 20th c.]
- 1784, William Jones, The Description and Use of a New Portable Orrery, &c., PREFACE
- The physical body of a being seen as distinct from the mind, character, etc. [from 14th c.]
- 1897, Henry James, What Maisie Knew:
- The Captain, inclining his military person, sat sideways to be closer and kinder […].
- 1978, Lawrence Durrell, Livia, Faber & Faber 1992 (Avignon Quintet), page 418:
- At first blush it seemed that what was striking about him rested on the fact that his dress was exotic, his person foreign.
- 2004, The New York Times:
- Meanwhile, the dazed Sullivan, dressed like a bum with no identification on his person, is arrested and put to work on a brutal Southern chain gang.
- 1897, Henry James, What Maisie Knew:
- (law) Any individual or formal organization with standing before the courts. [from 14th c.]
- (law) The human genitalia; specifically, the penis.
- 1824, Vagrancy Act 1824 (5 Geo. 4. c. 83, United Kingdom), section 4:
- [E]very Person wilfully, openly, lewdly, and obscenely exposing his Person in any Street, Road, or public Highway, or in the View thereof, or in any Place of public Resort, with Intent to insult any Female ... and being subsequently convicted of the Offence for which he or she shall have been so apprehended, shall be deemed a Rogue and Vagabond, within the true Intent and Meaning of this Act ...
- 1972, Evans v. Ewels, Weekly Law Reports, vol. 1, page 671 at pp. 674–675:
- It seems to me that at any rate today, and indeed by 1824, the word "person" in connection with sexual matters had acquired a meaning of its own; a meaning which made it a synonym for "penis." It may be ... that it was the forerunner of Victorian gentility which prevented people calling a penis a penis. But however that may be I am satisfied in my own mind that it has now acquired an established meaning to the effect already stated. It is I venture to say, well known amongst those who practise in the courts that the word "person" is so used over and over again. It is the familiar synonym of that part of the body, and, as one of the reasons for my decision in this case, I would use that interpretation of what was prevailing in 1824 and what has become established in the 150 years since then.
- 1824, Vagrancy Act 1824 (5 Geo. 4. c. 83, United Kingdom), section 4:
- (grammar) A linguistic category used to distinguish between the speaker of an utterance and those to whom or about whom they are speaking. See grammatical person. [from 14th c.]
- (biology) A shoot or bud of a plant; a polyp or zooid of the compound Hydrozoa, Anthozoa, etc.; also, an individual, in the narrowest sense, among the higher animals.
- 1884, Patrick Geddes, "Morphology", in Encyclopædia Britannica Volume 16
- True corms, composed of united personae […] usually arise by gemmation, […] yet in sponges and corals occasionally by fusion of several originally distinct persons.
- (Can we find and add a quotation of Haeckel to this entry?)
- 1884, Patrick Geddes, "Morphology", in Encyclopædia Britannica Volume 16
Usage notes
- In senses 1.1, 1.3, and 1.4, the plural is most commonly people, with persons occasionally used in formal speech or writing. Some native speakers will find persons inappropriate, even in formal usage. In senses 1.2, 2, 3, and 5 persons is the only plural.
- Referring to an individual as a “person” (rather than a gentleman, lady, etc.) was formerly perceived as a slight.
- Today, all major style guides recommend people rather than persons. For example, the Associated Press and the New York Times recommend "people" except in quotations and set phrases. Under the traditional distinction, which Garner says is pedantic, persons describes a finite, known number of individuals, rather than the collective term people. "Persons" is correct in technical and legal contexts.
Synonyms
- See also Thesaurus:person
Hyponyms
Derived terms
Translations
Verb
person (third-person singular simple present persons, present participle personing, simple past and past participle personed)
- (obsolete, transitive) To represent as a person; to personify; to impersonate.
- (Can we find and add a quotation of Milton to this entry?)
- (transitive, gender-neutral) To man.
Anagrams
- Posner, nopers, preons, prones, spreon
Breton
Noun
person m (plural personed)
- vicar
Inflection
Danish
Etymology
From Latin persona
Pronunciation
- Rhymes: -o??n
Noun
person c (singular definite personen, plural indefinite personer)
- person
- character
- figure
- people
Inflection
References
- “person” in Den Danske Ordbog
Esperanto
Noun
person
- accusative singular of perso
Finnish
Adjective
person
- genitive singular of perso
Indonesian
Etymology
From Dutch persoon, from Middle Dutch persone, ultimately from Latin pers?na.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [p?r?s?n]
- Hyphenation: pêr?son
Noun
person (first-person possessive personku, second-person possessive personmu, third-person possessive personnya)
- person, individual
- Synonyms: perseorangan, pribadi
Related terms
Further reading
- “person” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) Daring, Jakarta: Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, 2016.
Norwegian Bokmål
Etymology
From Latin persona.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /pær.su?n/, [pæ.??u?n] (Standard Eastern Norwegian)
Noun
person m (definite singular personen, indefinite plural personer, definite plural personene)
- a person
Derived terms
References
- “person” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology
From Latin persona.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /pær.su?n/, [pæ.??u?n]
Noun
person m (definite singular personen, indefinite plural personar, definite plural personane)
- a person
Derived terms
References
- “person” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Scots
Noun
person (plural people)
- (law) An individual with rights and responsibilities under the law.
- (law) An individual or formal organisation with standing before the courts.
- In fiction, any sentient or socially intelligent being.
Swedish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /p?r?su?n/, [p???u?n]
Noun
person c
- a human being
- an individual
Declension
Related terms
References
- person in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
Anagrams
- porens, porsen, ropens
Welsh
Etymology
Ultimately from Latin pers?na (“mask used by actor; role, part, character”). Probably through English and Old French persone (“human being”)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?p?rs?n/
Noun
person m (plural personau)
- person
- Synonym: unigolyn
Derived terms
- personol
Noun
person m (plural personiaid)
- parson
- clergyman
- Synonym: clerigwr, offeiriad
Mutation
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presence
English
Alternative forms
- præsence (archaic)
Etymology
Through Old French presence, from Latin praesentia (“a being present”), from praesentem. Displaced native Old English andweardnes.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?p??z?ns/
- Hyphenation: pres?ence
Noun
presence (countable and uncountable, plural presences)
- The fact or condition of being present, or of being within sight or call, or at hand.
- Carried somehow, somewhither, for some reason, on these surging floods, were these travelers, of errand not wholly obvious to their fellows, yet of such sort as to call into query alike the nature of their errand and their own relations. It is easily earned repetition to state that Josephine St. Auban's was a presence not to be concealed.
- The part of space within one's immediate vicinity.
- A quality of poise and effectiveness that enables a performer to achieve a close relationship with their audience.
- A quality that sets an individual out from others; a quality that makes them noticed and/or admired even if they are not speaking or performing.
- Something (as a spirit) felt or believed to be present.
- A company's business activity in a particular market. (Can we add an example for this sense?)
- (archaic) An assembly of great persons.
- The state of being closely focused on the here and now, not distracted by irrelevant thoughts. (Can we add an example for this sense?)
- (audio) Synonym of room tone
Antonyms
- absence
Derived terms
Translations
Verb
presence (third-person singular simple present presences, present participle presencing, simple past and past participle presenced)
- (philosophy, transitive, intransitive) To make or become present.
- 1985, David Edward Shaner, The Bodymind Experience in Japanese Buddhism: A Phenomenological Study of K?kai and D?gen, page 59,
- Within a completely neutral horizon, the primordial continuous stream of experience is presenced without interruption. As this time, the past and future have no meaning apart from the now in which they are presenced.
- 1998, H. Peter Steeves, Founding Community: A Phenomenological-Ethical Inquiry, page 59,
- Just as the bread and butter can be presenced as more than just the bread and the butter, so baking a loaf of bread can be more than just the baking, the baker, and the bread.
- 2005, James Phillips, Heidegger's Volk: Between National Socialism and Poetry, Stanford University Press, ?ISBN (paperback), page 118,
- From the overtaxing of the regime's paranoiac classifications and monitoring of the social field, Heidegger was to await in vain the presencing of that which is present, the revelation of the Being of beings in its precedence to governmental control.
- 1985, David Edward Shaner, The Bodymind Experience in Japanese Buddhism: A Phenomenological Study of K?kai and D?gen, page 59,
Related terms
- present
- presentation
- omnipresence
Further reading
- presence in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
- Douglas Harper (2001–2021) , “presence”, in Online Etymology Dictionary
- presence in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
presence From the web:
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- what does it mean to have a presence
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