different between patronage vs gift
patronage
English
Etymology
From Middle English patronage, from Old French patronage (modern French patronage). Equivalent to patron +? -age.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?pe?t??n?d??/
Noun
patronage (countable and uncountable, plural patronages)
- The act of providing approval and support; backing; championship.
- Customers collectively; clientele; business.
- Hyponym: ridership
- A communication that indicates lack of respect by patronizing the recipient; condescension; disdain.
- (politics) Granting favours or giving contracts or making appointments to office in return for political support.
- 2015, Thomas J. Gradel, Dick Simpson, Corrupt Illinois: Patronage, Cronyism, and Criminality, University of Illinois Press (?ISBN), page 117:
- Patronage, nepotism, cronyism, abuse of power, and criminal activity flourish, sometimes for decades, in numerous town halls, police stations, and special-purpose government agencies in the suburbs.
- 2015, Thomas J. Gradel, Dick Simpson, Corrupt Illinois: Patronage, Cronyism, and Criminality, University of Illinois Press (?ISBN), page 117:
- Guardianship, as of a saint; tutelary care.
- (Can we find and add a quotation of Addison to this entry?)
- The right of nomination to political office.
- (Britain, law) The right of presentation to church or ecclesiastical benefice; advowson.
- {{RQ:Blackstone Comm|passage=Advowson is the right of presentation to a church, or ecclesiastical benefice. Advowson, advocatio, signifies the taking into protection; and therefore is synonymous with patronage
Translations
Verb
patronage (third-person singular simple present patronages, present participle patronaging, simple past and past participle patronaged)
- (transitive) To support by being a patron of.
- (transitive) To be a regular customer or client of; to patronize
- Synonyms: support, keep going
Dutch
Etymology
From patroon +? -age. Cf. English patronage, French patronage.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?pa.tr??na?.??/
- Hyphenation: pat?ro?na?ge
- Rhymes: -a???
Noun
patronage n (plural patronages)
- patronage (act of providing approval and support)
- Synonyms: beschermheerschap, patronaat
French
Etymology
patron +? -age
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /pa.t??.na?/
- Rhymes: -a?
Noun
patronage m (plural patronages)
- Patronage
Further reading
- “patronage” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Middle English
Etymology
From Old French patronage; equivalent to patroun +? -age.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /patro??na?d?(?)/, /patru??na?d?(?)/, /pa?tro?nad?(?)/, /pa?tru?nad?(?)/
Noun
patronage (plural patronagis)
- The privilege of being able to choose ecclesiastical appointees; advowson.
Descendants
- English: patronage
References
- “patr?n??e, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2019-03-17.
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gift
English
Alternative forms
- yift (dialectal)
Etymology
From Middle English gift (also yift, yeft, ?ift, ?eft), partly from Old English ?ift (“giving, consideration, dowry, wedding”) and Old Norse gipt (“gift, present, wedding”); both from Proto-Germanic *giftiz (“gift”). Equivalent to give +? -th (etymologically yive + -th). Cognate with West Frisian jefte (“gift”), Saterland Frisian Gift (“gift”), German Low German Gift (“poison”), Dutch gift (“gift”) and its doublet gif (“poison”), German Gift (“poison”), Swedish gift (“gift, poison, venom”), Icelandic gift (“gift”). Doublet of yift.
Pronunciation
- (US, UK) enPR: g?ft, IPA(key): /??ft/
- Rhymes: -?ft
Noun
gift (plural gifts)
- Something given to another voluntarily, without charge.
- A talent or natural ability.
- “ […] it is not fair of you to bring against mankind double weapons?! Dangerous enough you are as woman alone, without bringing to your aid those gifts of mind suited to problems which men have been accustomed to arrogate to themselves.”
- Something gained incidentally, without effort.
- The act, right, or power of giving or bestowing.
Synonyms
- (something freely given by another): See Thesaurus:gift For beneficial actions, see favor.
- (something god-given): ability, aptitude, knack, talent, strength
Derived terms
Descendants
- ? Japanese: ??? (gifuto)
Translations
See also
- lagniappe
Verb
gift (third-person singular simple present gifts, present participle gifting, simple past and past participle gifted)
- (transitive) To give as a gift or donation.
- (transitive) To give away, to concede easily.
Synonyms
- contribute
- donate
- give
Related terms
Translations
Anagrams
- T.G.I.F., TGIF
Danish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?ift/, [??ifd?]
Etymology 1
From German Gift (“poison”). Similar to the archaic gift (“gift”), a verbal noun to give (“to give”).
Noun
gift c (singular definite giften, plural indefinite gifte)
- poison (substance harmful to a living organism)
Inflection
Derived terms
See also
- gift on the Danish Wikipedia.Wikipedia da
Etymology 2
Originally the past participle of gifte (“marry”).
Adjective
gift
- married
Inflection
Derived terms
- ugift
Etymology 3
See the etymology of the main entry.
Verb
gift
- imperative of gifte
- past participle of gifte
Dutch
Etymology
From Middle Dutch gifte, from Old Dutch *gift, from Proto-Germanic *giftiz. The words gif and vergif, both meaning "poison", derive from the same source as gift and gif were not formally distinguished until early modern Dutch.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /??ft/
- Hyphenation: gift
- Rhymes: -?ft
Noun
gift f (plural giften, diminutive giftje n)
- donation; something given (away) voluntarily.
- Synonyms: geschenk, cadeau
Noun
gift n or f (plural giften, diminutive giftje n)
- (dated) poison
- Synonyms: gif, venijn, vergif, vergift
Derived terms
- giftig
- grafgift
Adjective
gift (not comparable)
- (obsolete) poisonous, toxic, venomous
- Synonym: giftig
Inflection
Related terms
- geven, gave
- vergiftigen, ontgiften, begiftigen
Faroese
Noun
gift f (genitive singular giftar, uncountable)
- poison
Declension
Synonyms
- eitur
Adjective
gift
- married, female form of giftur
- Ert tú gift?
- Are you (f) married?
- Ert tú gift?
Declension
Icelandic
Etymology
From Old Norse gipt, from Proto-Germanic *giftiz.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /c?ft/
- Rhymes: -?ft
Noun
gift f (genitive singular giftar, nominative plural giftir)
- (obsolete) gift
- Synonym: gjöf
Declension
Related terms
- gifta
Norwegian Bokmål
Noun
gift f or m (definite singular gifta or giften, indefinite plural gifter, definite plural giftene)
- poison (substance harmful to a living organism)
Derived terms
- giftslange
- giftstoff
- rottegift
Related terms
- forgifte
- forgiftning
- giftig
Adjective
gift (neuter singular gift, definite singular and plural gifte)
- married
Antonyms
- ugift
Derived terms
- nygift
Verb
gift
- imperative of gifte
References
- “gift” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /j?ft/
Etymology 1
From Old Norse gipt.
Noun
gift f (definite singular gifta, indefinite plural gifter, definite plural giftene)
- poison
Derived terms
- giftslange
- giftstoff
- rottegift
Etymology 2
Past participle of gifta.
Adjective
gift (indefinite singular gift, definite singular and plural gifte)
- married
Participle
gift (definite singular and plural gifte)
- past participle of gifta and gifte
Alternative forms
- gifta
Verb
gift
- imperative of gifta and gifte
- supine of gifta and gifte
References
- “gift” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old English
Alternative forms
- ?yft
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *giftiz. Cognate with Old Frisian jeft, Old Saxon *gift (in sundargift (“privilege”, literally “special gift”)), Dutch gift, Old High German gift (German Gift), Old Norse gipt (> English gift), Gothic ???????????????????????????????? (fragifts).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /jift/
Noun
?ift f (nominative plural ?ifta)
- Payment for a wife.
- (in the plural) marriage, wedding
Declension
Descendants
- Middle English: ?ift, ?eft, gift (in part from Old Norse)
- English: gift, yift
Swedish
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From German Gift.
Noun
gift n
- poison; venom; virus; toxin
- 1968 Tove Jansson, Muminpappans memoarer, Holger Schildts Förlag (1991), ?ISBN, page 126:
- Rådd-djuret gråter, sade Joxaren förebrående. Spöket har målat en dödskalle på kaffeburken och skrivit GIFT under och nu är Rådd-djuret utom sig och säger att har det inte gift sig förut så kommer det nu absolut aldrig att göra det!
- "The Muddler is crying," said the Joxter reproachfully. "The ghost has painted a skull and crossbones and the word POISON on the Muddler's coffee tin, and now the Muddler is beside himself and says that if it has not gotten married before it will absolutely never do it!"
- Rådd-djuret gråter, sade Joxaren förebrående. Spöket har målat en dödskalle på kaffeburken och skrivit GIFT under och nu är Rådd-djuret utom sig och säger att har det inte gift sig förut så kommer det nu absolut aldrig att göra det!
- 1968 Tove Jansson, Muminpappans memoarer, Holger Schildts Förlag (1991), ?ISBN, page 126:
Declension
Etymology 2
From Old Norse gipta (“give away in marriage”), from Proto-Germanic *giftiz.
Adjective
gift (not comparable)
- married
- ett gift par
- a married couple
- Han är gift sedan tre år.
- He's been married for three years.
- 1968 Tove Jansson, Muminpappans memoarer, Holger Schildts Förlag (1991), ?ISBN, page 126:
- Rådd-djuret gråter, sade Joxaren förebrående. Spöket har målat en dödskalle på kaffeburken och skrivit GIFT under och nu är Rådd-djuret utom sig och säger att har det inte gift sig förut så kommer det nu absolut aldrig att göra det!
- "The Muddler is crying," said the Joxter reproachfully. "The ghost has painted a skull and crossbones and the word POISON on the Muddler's coffee tin, and now the Muddler is beside himself and says that if it has not gotten married before it will absolutely never do it!"
- Rådd-djuret gråter, sade Joxaren förebrående. Spöket har målat en dödskalle på kaffeburken och skrivit GIFT under och nu är Rådd-djuret utom sig och säger att har det inte gift sig förut så kommer det nu absolut aldrig att göra det!
- ett gift par
Declension
Verb
gift
- imperative of gifta.
- past participle of gifta.
- supine of gifta.
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