different between pathology vs josh

English

Etymology

From French pathologie, from Ancient Greek ????? (páthos, “disease”) and -????? (-logía, “study of”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /p????l?d?i/
• Rhymes: -?l?d?i

Noun

pathology (usually uncountable, plural pathologies)

1. (medicine) The branch of medicine concerned with the study of the nature of disease and its causes, processes, development, and consequences.
2. (clinical medicine) The medical specialty that provides microscopy and other laboratory services (e.g., cytology, histology) to clinicians.

3. Pathosis: any deviation from a healthy or normal structure or function; abnormality; illness or malformation.

   Synonyms: abnormality, disease, illness, pathosis

Usage notes

Some house style guides for medical publications avoid the "illness" sense of pathology (“disease, state of ill health”) and replace it with pathosis. The rationale is that the -ology form should be reserved for the "study of disease" sense and for the medical specialty that provides microscopy and other laboratory services (e.g., cytology, histology) to clinicians. This rationale drives similar usage preferences about etiology ("cause" sense versus "study of causes" sense), methodology ("methods" sense versus "study of methods" sense), and other -ology words.

Not all such natural usage can be purged gracefully, but the goal is to reserve the -ology form to its "study" sense when practical. Not all publications bother with this prescription, because most physicians don't do so in their own speech (and the context makes clear the sense intended).

Another limitation is that pathology (“illness”) has an adjectival form (pathologic), but the corresponding adjectival form of pathosis (pathotic) is idiomatically missing from English (defective declension), so pathologic is obligate for both senses ("diseased" and "related to the study of disease"); this likely helps keep the "illness" sense of pathology in natural use (as the readily retrieved noun counterpart to pathologic in the "diseased" sense).

Derived terms

Related terms

• pathologic
• pathological
• pathobiology
• pathophysiology

Translations

Further reading

• pathology on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Anagrams

• logopathy

English

Etymology

Of disputed origin, but first attested in the mid-19th century as a verb. The earliest example is capitalized, so it is likely a nickname of the proper name Joshua (see more there). Perhaps it was taken as a typical name of an old farmer.

Noun

josh (plural joshes)

1. An instance of good-natured banter.

Verb

josh (third-person singular simple present joshes, present participle joshing, simple past and past participle joshed)

1. (transitive) To tease someone in a kindly or friendly fashion.
2. (intransitive) To make or exchange good-natured jokes.
   • 1902: We are old friends, did I not tell you? So I may, what you Americans call, josh with him. — Jack London, A Daughter of the Snows
   • 2013, Russell Brand, Russell Brand and the GQ awards: 'It's amazing how absurd it seems' (in The Guardian, 13 September 2013)[1]

     Boris, it seems, is taking it in this spirit, joshing beneath his ever-redeeming barnet that Labour's opposition to military action in Syria is a fey stance that he, as GQ politician of the year, would never be guilty of.

Translations

Derived terms

• josher
• joshingly

References

• “josh” in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.

Albanian

Etymology

From Proto-Albanian *j?udsja, from Proto-Indo-European *Hyewd?- (compare Lithuanian jáudinti (“to excite, arouse”), Polish judzi? (“to incite”), Latin jubere (“to order”)).

Verb

josh (first-person singular past tense josha, participle joshur)

1. to fondle, caress
2. to entice, seduce

Derived terms

• joshë