different between particular vs universal

English

Alternative forms

• perticular (obsolete)

Etymology

From Middle English particuler, from Anglo-Norman particuler, Middle French particuler, particulier, from Late Latin particularis (“partial; separate, individual”), from Latin particula (“(small) part”). Equivalent to particle +? -ar. Compare particle.

Pronunciation

• (rhotic) IPA^(key): /p??t?kj?l?/
• (non-rhotic) IPA^(key): /p??t?kj?l?/
• (US, rhotic, r-dissimilation) IPA^(key): /p??t?kj?l?/
• Hyphenation: par?tic?u?lar
• Rhymes: -?kj?l?(?)

Adjective

particular (comparative more particular, superlative most particular) (also non-comparable)

1. (obsolete) Pertaining only to a part of something; partial.
2. Specific; discrete; concrete.

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:specific

   Antonym: general
3. Specialised; characteristic of a specific person or thing.

   Synonyms: optimized, specialistic

   • 1625, Francis Bacon, Of Gardens

     wheresoever one plant draweth such a particular juice out of the earth

4. (obsolete) Known only to an individual person or group; confidential.
   • 1623, William Shakespeare, King Lear, V.1:

     or these domesticke and particular broiles, Are not the question heere.

5. Distinguished in some way; special (often in negative constructions).

6. (comparable) Of a person, concerned with, or attentive to, details; fastidious.

   Synonyms: minute, precise, fastidious; see also Thesaurus:fastidious
7. Concerned with, or attentive to, details; minute; circumstantial; precise.

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:meticulous

8. (law) Containing a part only; limited.

9. (law) Holding a particular estate.
10. (logic) Forming a part of a genus; relatively limited in extension; affirmed or denied of a part of a subject.

Derived terms

Related terms

Translations

Further reading

• particular in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.

Noun

particular (plural particulars)

1. A small individual part of something larger; a detail, a point. [from 15th c.]
2. (obsolete) A person's own individual case. [16th-19th c.]
   • 1658, Henry Hammond, Whole Duty of Man

     temporal blessings, whether such as concern the public […] or such as concern our particular

3. (now philosophy, chiefly in plural) A particular case; an individual thing as opposed to a whole class. (Opposed to generals, universals.) [from 17th c.]

Related terms

• universal
• for one's particular

Translations

Catalan

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin particularis.

Pronunciation

• (Balearic) IPA^(key): /p??.ti.ku?la/
• (Central) IPA^(key): /p?r.ti.ku?la/
• (Valencian) IPA^(key): /pa?.ti.ku?la?/

Adjective

particular (masculine and feminine plural particulars)

1. private
2. particular

Derived terms

• particularment

Related terms

• partícula
• particularitat

Further reading

• “particular” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “particular” in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana.
• “particular” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “particular” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Portuguese

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin particul?ris, corresponding to partícula +? -ar.

Pronunciation

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /p??.ti.ku.?la?/
• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /pa?.?t??i.ku.?la?/, [p??.?t??i.k?.?l?ä?]
• Hyphenation: par?ti?cu?lar

Adjective

particular m or f (plural particulares, comparable)

1. private (concerning, accessible or belonging to an individual person or group)
2. private (not belonging to the government)

   Synonym: privado

   Antonym: público

3. particular; specific

   Synonym: específico

4. particular; distinguished; exceptional

   Synonym: excepcional

Inflection

Derived terms

• em particular

Related terms

• partícula

Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin particul?ris.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pa?tiku?la?/, [pa?.t?i.ku?la?]

Adjective

particular (plural particulares)

1. specific, particular

   Synonyms: concreto, específico

2. peculiar, strange

   Synonyms: raro, extraño

3. personal

   Synonym: íntimo

4. private

   Synonym: privado

Related terms

• partícula

Noun

particular m (plural particulares)

1. individual, private citizen

Further reading

• “particular” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.

English

Etymology

From Middle English universal, from Old French universal (modern French universel), from Latin ?nivers?lis.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /?ju?n??v??sl?/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /?jun??v?sl?/
• Rhymes: -??(?)s?l
• Hyphenation: uni?ver?sal

Adjective

universal (comparative more universal, superlative most universal)

1. Of or pertaining to the universe.
2. Common to all members of a group or class.
3. Common to all society; worldwide
4. unlimited; vast; infinite
5. Useful for many purposes; all-purpose.

Synonyms

• (common to all members of a group or class): general; see also Thesaurus:generic
• (unlimited): see also Thesaurus:infinite
• (useful for many purposes): general-purpose, multi-purpose

Antonyms

• nonuniversal

Derived terms

• universalise, universalize
• universal quantifier
• universally

Related terms

• universe
• university
• universality

Translations

See also

• universal on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• general
• global

Further reading

• universal in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• universal in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.

Noun

universal (plural universals)

1. (philosophy) A characteristic or property that particular things have in common.

See also

• particular

Further reading

• S:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Universals
• The Medieval Problem of Universals - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

Catalan

Etymology

From Latin ?nivers?lis, first attested circa 1400.

Pronunciation

• (Balearic) IPA^(key): /u.ni.v???sal/
• (Central) IPA^(key): /u.ni.b?r?sal/
• (Valencian) IPA^(key): /u.ni.ve??sal/

Adjective

universal (masculine and feminine plural universals)

1. universal

Derived terms

• universalment

Related terms

• univers
• universalitat

Further reading

• “universal” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “universal” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “universal” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

References

Galician

Etymology

From Latin ?nivers?lis.

Pronunciation

Adjective

universal m or f (plural universais)

1. of or pertaining to the universe
2. world-wide, universal, common to all cultures

Synonyms

• (world-wide): mundial

Related terms

• universalidade
• universo

Further reading

• “universal” in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega, Royal Galician Academy.

German

Etymology

From Latin ?nivers?lis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /univ???za?l/
• Rhymes: -a?l

Adjective

universal (comparative universaler, superlative am universalsten)

1. universal

Declension

Further reading

• “universal” in Duden online

Middle English

Alternative forms

• universall, unyversal, universalle, universell, uniyversale, universele, universel

Etymology

From Old French universel, from Latin ?nivers?lis; equivalent to universe +? -al.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /iu?ni?v?rsal/, /iu?niv?r?sa?l/, /iu?ni?v?rs?l/

Adjective

universal

1. all-encompassing, subject to everything and everyone; having universal significance.
2. (Late Middle English) absolute, subject to everything in a given area or subject (e.g. a settlement; a person)
3. (Late Middle English) frequently practiced, usual, customary.
4. (Late Middle English, rare) Given total leeway and control; with universal power.
5. (Late Middle English, rare) unbiased, unprejudiced, nonpolitical
6. (Late Middle English, rare) general, non-specific, generic
7. (Late Middle English, philosophy, rare) unformed, uncreated, unmade.
8. (Late Middle English, philosophy, rare) theoretical, abstract, general.

Derived terms

• universalite
• universally

Descendants

• English: universal

References

• “?nivers??l, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-04-31.

Noun

universal

1. (Late Middle English, philosophy, rare) A category, class, or classification.

Descendants

• English: universal

References

• “?nivers??l, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-04-31.

Determiner

universal

1. (Late Middle English) The whole, all of, every portion of, all parts of.
2. (Late Middle English, rare) Every kind of; all sorts of

References

• “?nivers??l, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-04-31.

Occitan

Etymology

From Latin ?nivers?lis.

Adjective

universal m (feminine singular universala, masculine plural universals, feminine plural universalas)

1. universal

Derived terms

• universalament

Related terms

• univèrs
• universalitat

Old French

Etymology

From Latin ?nivers?lis.

Adjective

universal m (oblique and nominative feminine singular universale)

1. universal

Descendants

• French: universel
• ? Middle English: universal, universall, unyversal, universalle, universell, uniyversale, universele, universel
  • English: universal

Piedmontese

Alternative forms

• üniversal

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /yniv?r?sal/

Adjective

universal

1. universal

Portuguese

Etymology

From Latin ?nivers?lis.

Pronunciation

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /u.ni.v??.?sa?/
• Hyphenation: u?ni?ver?sal

Adjective

universal m or f (plural universais, comparable)

1. Of or pertaining to the universe; universal.
2. Common to all society; universal; world-wide.
3. Common to all members of a group or class; universal.

Inflection

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:universal.

Derived terms

• universalmente

Related terms

• universalidade
• universo

Further reading

• “universal” in Dicionário Aberto based on Novo Diccionário da Língua Portuguesa de Cândido de Figueiredo, 1913

Romanian

Etymology

From French universel, from Latin universalis.

Adjective

universal m or n (feminine singular universal?, masculine plural universali, feminine and neuter plural universale)

1. universal

Declension

Related terms

• univers
• universalitate

Spanish

Etymology

From Latin ?nivers?lis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /unibe??sal/, [u.ni.??e??sal]
• Hyphenation: u?ni?ver?sal

Adjective

universal (plural universales)

1. universal

Derived terms

• universalmente

Related terms

• universalidad
• universo

Anagrams

• vulneráis

Further reading

• “universal” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.