different between outward vs perfunctory

English

Etymology 1

From Middle English outward, from Old English ?tweard, equivalent to out +? -ward

Pronunciation

• (General American) enPR: out'w?rd, IPA^(key): /?a?t.w?d/
• (Received Pronunciation) enPR: out'w?d, IPA^(key): /?a?t.w?d/
• Hyphenation: out?ward

Adjective

outward (comparative more outward, superlative most outward)

1. outer; located towards the outside
2. visible, noticeable

   By all outward indications, he's a normal happy child, but if you talk to him, you will soon realize he has some psychological problems.

3. Tending to the exterior or outside.

   • The fire will force its outward way.

4. (obsolete) Foreign; not civil or intestine.

   an outward war

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Hayward to this entry?)

Translations

Adverb

outward (comparative more outward, superlative most outward)

1. Towards the outside; away from the centre. [from 10^thc.]

   We are outward bound.
2. (obsolete) Outwardly, in outer appearances; publicly. [14^th-17^thc.]

Synonyms

• outwards

Derived terms

• outwardness

Translations

Etymology 2

From out- +? ward.

Pronunciation

• (General American) IPA^(key): /a?t?w??d/
• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /a?t?w??d/

Verb

outward (third-person singular simple present outwards, present participle outwarding, simple past and past participle outwarded)

1. (obsolete, rare) To ward off; to keep out.
   • 1596, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, V.1:

     Ne any armour could his dint out-ward; / But wheresoever it did light, it throughly shard.

Etymology 3

Noun

outward (plural outwards)

1. A ward in a detached building connected with a hospital.

Anagrams

• draw out, outdraw

Middle English

Alternative forms

• owtward, outwarde, owtwarde, ow?twarde, outeward, utward, utteward

Etymology

From Old English ?tweard; equivalent to out +? -ward.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?u?tward/, /?u?twa?rd/

Adverb

outward

1. outside (in the exterior)
2. To an external location; outwards
3. At the exterior; at a location away from one's home or homeland
4. From an external perspective; seemingly.
5. secularly; in a practical manner.

Derived terms

• outwardes

Descendants

• English: outward
• Scots: outward

References

• “?utw??rd(e, adv.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-04-12.

Adjective

outward

1. outside, outer, on the surface
2. outward, toward the exterior
3. Oriented towards the outside.
4. Due to outside factors.
5. In somewhere outside a given place or thing (especially of a country).
6. Non-religious; lay

Derived terms

• outwardly

Descendants

• English: outward
• Scots: outward

References

• “?utw??rd(e, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-04-12.

Noun

outward

1. The outside; the exterior

See also

• homward
• inward

English

Etymology

From Late Latin perfunct?rius, from the past participial stem of perfungor, perfunct- (“perform, carry through”), from per- + fungor.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /p??f??k.t(?)??/
• (US) IPA^(key): /p??f??k.t?.i/

Adjective

perfunctory (comparative more perfunctory, superlative most perfunctory)

1. Done only or merely to conform to a minimal standard or to fulfill a protocol or presumptive duty .

   Synonyms: automatic, cursory, obligatory, pro forma, token, unthinking

   • 1975, Saul Bellow, Humboldt's Gift [Avon ed., 1976, p. 338]:

     He then poured some wine for me to taste, and harassed me with perfunctory courtesies that had to be acknowledged.
2. Performed in a careless or indifferent manner as a thing of rote.

   Synonyms: haphazard, mechanical, slipshod

   Antonyms: careful, complete, thorough

Related terms

• perfunctorily
• perfunctoriness

Translations

See also

• pro forma