different between mill vs establishment

English

Pronunciation

• enPR: m?l, IPA^(key): /m?l/, [m??]
• Rhymes: -?l
• Homophone: mil

Etymology 1

From Middle English mille, milne, from Old English mylen, from Proto-Germanic *mul?n? or *mul?naz (“mill”), from Late Latin mol?num or mol?nus (“mill”), from Latin mol? (“grind, mill”, verb), closely allied to Proto-Germanic *muljan? (“to crush, grind”) (see English millstone). Perhaps cognate with Milne (a surname). Doublet of moulin.

Noun

mill (plural mills)

1. A grinding apparatus for substances such as grains, seeds, etc.

2. The building housing such a grinding apparatus.

3. A machine used for expelling the juice, sap, etc., from vegetable tissues by pressure, or by pressure in combination with a grinding, or cutting process.

4. A machine for grinding and polishing.

5. The raised or ridged edge or surface made in milling anything, such as a coin or screw.
6. A manufacturing plant for paper, steel, textiles, etc.

7. A building housing such a plant.
8. (figuratively) An establishment that handles a certain type of situation or procedure routinely, or produces large quantities of an item without much regard to quality, such as a divorce mill, a puppy mill, etc.
9. (figuratively, derogatory) An institution awarding educational certificates not officially recognised
10. (informal) An engine.
11. (informal) A boxing match, fistfight.
12. (die sinking) A hardened steel roller with a design in relief, used for imprinting a reversed copy of the design in a softer metal, such as copper.
13. (mining) An excavation in rock, transverse to the workings, from which material for filling is obtained.
14. (mining) A passage underground through which ore is shot.
15. A milling cutter.
16. (historical) A prison treadmill.
    • 1837, James Williams, A Narrative of Events Since the First of August, 1834 (page 9)

      Next morning they put me on the treadmill along with the others: At first, not knowing how to dance it, I cut all my shin with the steps; they did not flog me then — […] They keep on putting her on the mill for a week, and flog her every time […]

17. (CB radio slang) A typewriter used to transcribe messages received.
    • 1941, QST (volume 25, issues 2-6, page 90)

      In other words, get a mill in your operating position by hook or crook and use it regularly. At the N.C.R. Radio Schools touch typing is taught at the same time code proficiency is advanced.

    • 1986, Ham Radio Magazine (volume 19, page 66)

      You can read it all right, but the pencil seems to be getting a little sluggish — better make a grab for a "mill."

Synonyms

• (plant, building): factory, works

Derived terms

Descendants

• Sranan Tongo: miri
• ? Hindi: ??? (mil)

Translations

Verb

mill (third-person singular simple present mills, present participle milling, simple past and past participle milled)

1. (transitive) To grind or otherwise process in a mill or other machine.

2. (transitive) To shape, polish, dress or finish using a machine.
3. (transitive) To engrave one or more grooves or a pattern around the edge of (a cylindrical object such as a coin).
4. (intransitive, followed by around, about, etc.) To move about in an aimless fashion.

   • The deer and the pig and the nilghai were milling round and round in a circle of eight or ten miles radius, while the Eaters of Flesh skirmished round its edge.

5. (transitive) To cause to mill, or circle around.

6. (zoology, of air-breathing creatures) To swim underwater.
7. (zoology, of a whale) To swim suddenly in a new direction.
8. (transitive, slang) To beat; to pound.
   • 1888, Rudyard Kipling, The Madness of Private Ortheris

     Ortheris said nothing for a while. Then he unslung his belt, heavy with the badges of half a dozen regiments that his own had lain with, and handed it over to Mulvaney.
     "I'm too little for to mill you, Mulvaney," said he, "an' you've strook me before; but you can take an' cut me in two with this 'ere if you like."

   • 1862, William Makepeace Thackeray, The Adventures of Philip

     […] he had “milled” a policeman

9. To pass through a fulling mill; to full, as cloth.
10. (transitive) To roll (steel, etc.) into bars.
11. (transitive) To make (drinking chocolate) frothy, as by churning.
12. (intransitive) To undergo hulling.

13. (intransitive, slang) To take part in a fistfight; to box.
14. (transitive, mining) To fill (a winze or interior incline) with broken ore, to be drawn out at the bottom.
15. (obsolete, Britain, thieves' cant) To commit burglary.

Synonyms

• (move about in an aimless fashion): roam, wander

Derived terms

• millable
• nonmilled
• unmilled

Translations

Etymology 2

Ultimately from Latin millesimum.

Noun

mill (plural mills)

1. An obsolete coin worth one thousandth of a US dollar, or one tenth of a cent.
2. One thousandth part, particularly in millage rates of property tax.

Synonyms

• (one thousandth part): permille, ‰, ?

Coordinate terms

• (one thousandth part):
• percent
• basis point

Derived terms

• millage

Translations

Etymology 3

Noun

mill (plural mill)

1. (informal) Alternative form of mil (“million”)

Etymology 4

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

mill (plural mills)

1. A line of three matching pieces in nine men's morris and related games.

Etymology 5

Back-formation from millstone, name of a Magic: The Gathering card with this effect (first printed 1994).

Alternative forms

• Mill (in the sense of "a strategy")

Verb

mill (third-person singular simple present mills, present participle milling, simple past and past participle milled)

1. (transitive, collectible card games) To move (a card) from a deck to the discard pile.
2. (transitive, Hearthstone) To destroy (a card) due to having a full hand.

Synonyms

• (Hearthstone): burn

Derived terms

• self-mill

Noun

mill (countable and uncountable, plural mills)

1. (collectible card games) Discarding a card from one's deck.
2. (collectible card games) A strategy centered on depleting the opponent's deck.

Derived terms

• Mill Rogue

Translations

References

• mill in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
• mill in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.

Further reading

• mill on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Mill in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)

Albanian

Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Albanian *meila (“fastening (of a knife)”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *mey- (“to attach, fasten”).

Noun

mill m (indefinite plural mille, definite singular milli, definite plural millet)

1. sheath

Declension

References

Catalan

Etymology

From Latin milium.

Pronunciation

• (Balearic, Central, Valencian) IPA^(key): /?mi?/

Noun

mill m (plural mills)

1. millet

Derived terms

• mill del sol

Further reading

• “mill” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “mill” in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana.
• “mill” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “mill” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [m?i?l?], [m??l?]

Etymology 1

From Old Irish millid (“spoils, ruins, destroys”)

Verb

mill (present analytic milleann, future analytic millfidh, verbal noun milleadh, past participle millte)

1. (transitive, intransitive) spoil; mar, ruin
   1. ravish

Conjugation

Etymology 2

Noun

mill f (genitive singular mille, nominative plural milleanna)

1. Alternative form of meill (“flabby, loose, skin; blubber lip; unshapely mouth”)
2. (botany) pendant bud or flower

Declension

Mutation

Further reading

• "mill" in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.
• Gregory Toner, Maire Ní Mhaonaigh, Sharon Arbuthnot, Dagmar Wodtko, Maire-Luise Theuerkauf, editors (2019) , “millid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Entries containing “mill” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
• Entries containing “mill” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.

Manx

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /m?l/

Etymology 1

From Old Irish millid (“spoils, ruins, destroys”). Cognate with Irish mill and Scottish Gaelic mill.

Verb

mill (past vill, future independent millee, verbal noun milley, past participle millit)

1. destroy, ruin
2. spoil, tarnish
3. (as vision) blur
4. disfigure
5. corrupt
6. mess, tumble, rustle

Etymology 2

From Old Irish mil, from Proto-Celtic *meli, from Proto-Indo-European *mélid. Cognate with Irish mil, Scottish Gaelic mil, Latin mel, Ancient Greek ???? (méli). Akin to millish and blass.

Noun

mill m (genitive singular molley, plural millyn)

1. honey

Mutation

References

• Gregory Toner, Maire Ní Mhaonaigh, Sharon Arbuthnot, Dagmar Wodtko, Maire-Luise Theuerkauf, editors (2019) , “mil”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Scottish Gaelic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mi??/

Etymology 1

From Old Irish millid (“spoils, ruins, destroys”)

Verb

mill (past mhill, future millidh, verbal noun milleadh, past participle millte)

1. destroy, spoil, ruin

Etymology 2

Noun

mill m

1. inflection of meall:
   1. genitive singular
   2. plural

Mutation

Further reading

• “mill” in Edward Dwelly, Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan/The Illustrated [Scottish] Gaelic–English Dictionary, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, 1911, ?ISBN.
• Gregory Toner, Maire Ní Mhaonaigh, Sharon Arbuthnot, Dagmar Wodtko, Maire-Luise Theuerkauf, editors (2019) , “millid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Wiradhuri

Alternative forms

• mil

Noun

mill

1. (anatomy) eye

Yagara

Noun

mill

1. Alternative form of mil.

References

• State Library of Queensland, Indigenous Language Wordlists Turubul Body Parts.

English

Etymology

From Middle English *establishment, stablishment, stablisshement, from Old French establissement (Modern French établissement), from the verb establir. Equivalent to establish +? -ment.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??stæbl??m?nt/
• Hyphenation: estab?lish?ment

Noun

establishment (countable and uncountable, plural establishments)

1. The act of establishing; a ratifying or ordaining; settlement; confirmation.
   • 1787, Article Seven of the United States Constitution

     The Ratification of the Conventions of nine States, shall be sufficient for the Establishment of this Constitution between the States so ratifying the Same.

2. The state of being established, founded, etc.; fixed state.

3. That which is established; as a form of government, a permanent organization, business or force, or the place where one is permanently fixed for residence.

4. (usually with "the") The ruling class or authority group in a society; especially, an entrenched authority dedicated to preserving the status quo. Also Establishment.

5. The number of staff required to run a department or organisation (often used in the context of healthcare and other public services).

Synonyms

• (act of establishing):, (that which is established): foundation

Antonyms

• (act of establishing): abolition

Derived terms

• anti-establishment
• eating establishment
• re-establishment, reestablishment
• war establishment

Translations

See also

• antidisestablishmentarianism
• powers that be

Descendants

• ? Polish: establishment

Catalan

Etymology

From English establishment.

Pronunciation

• (Central) IPA^(key): /?s?tabli?m?n/

Noun

establishment m (plural establishments)

1. establishment

Further reading

• “establishment” in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana.
• “establishment” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.

References

Danish

Etymology

Borrowed from English establishment.

Noun

establishment

1. (sometimes derogatory) (the) establishment
   • 2017, Jens-Martin Eriksen, Frederik Stjernfelt, Adskillelsens politik, Lindhardt og Ringhof ?ISBN

     Forestillingen om klasse frem for religion er også farlig for establishmentet her i landet, den ville kunne få hele det politiske system til at bryde sammen, hvis de fattige malajer, muslimerne, ville indse, at de har mere til fælles med de fattige ...

   • 2015, Jan Guillou, Den demokratiske terrorist, Modtryk ?ISBN

     Marxistleninisterne eksisterede næsten ikke mere, de fleste gamle kammerater var blevet en del af establishmentet, og den antiimperialistiske bevægelse var stort set gået i sig selv igen.

Declension

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from English establishment.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?s?t?.bl??.m?nt/, /?s?t?.bl?s.m?nt/
• Hyphenation: es?ta?blish?ment

Noun

establishment n (plural establishments, diminutive establishmentje n)

1. establishment, elite (ruling authority or class)

Related terms

• etablissement

Finnish

Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English establishment.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?est?blisment?i/, [?e?s?t??b?lis?me?n?t??i]

Noun

establishment

1. (informal) establishment (ruling class)

Declension

Synonyms

• eliitti
• valtaapitävät
• yläluokka

French

Etymology

From English establishment

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?s.ta.bli?.m??/

Proper noun

establishment m

1. establishment (ruling authority)

Related terms

• établissement

Polish

Etymology

From English establishment.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?.stab?l?i?.m?nt/

Noun

establishment m inan

1. (derogatory, politics) the establishment (the ruling class or authority group)

Declension

Further reading

• establishment in Wielki s?ownik j?zyka polskiego, Instytut J?zyka Polskiego PAN
• establishment in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

Etymology

Borrowed from English establishment.

Proper noun

establishment m

1. establishment (ruling authority)

Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from English establishment. Doublet of establecimiento.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /establi?e?ment/, [es.t?a.??li.?e?m?n?t?]

Proper noun

establishment m

1. establishment (ruling authority)

Further reading

• “establishment” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.