different between lord vs cavalier

English

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Etymology

From Middle English lord and lorde (attested from the 15th century), from earlier (14th century) lourde and other variants which dropped the intervocalic consonant of earlier lowerd, louerd, loverd, laford, and lhoaverd; from Old English hl?ford < hl?fweard, a compound of hl?f (“bread”) + weard (“guardian”); see loaf and ward. The term was already being applied broadly prior to the literary development of Old English and was influenced by its common use to translate Latin dominus. Compare Scots laird (“lord”), preserving a separate vowel development (from northern/Scottish Middle English lard, laverd), the Old English compound hl?f-?ta (“servant”, literally “bread-eater”), and modern English lady, from Old English hl?fd??e (“bread-kneader”). The Middle English word laford was borrowed by Icelandic, where it survives as lávarður.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /l??d/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /l??d/
• Homophone: lored (in accents with the horse-hoarse merger)
• Homophone: laud (in non-rhotic accents)
• Rhymes: -??(?)d

Noun

lord (plural lords)

1. (obsolete) The master of the servants of a household; (historical) the master of a feudal manor
   • 1611, King James Bible, Matthew 24:46

     Ble??ed is that ?eruant, whome his Lord when he commeth, ?hal finde ?o doing.

   • 1600, William Shakespeare, The Merchant of Venice, act III, scene 2, 167 ff.

     Por. ...But now, I was the Lord

     of this faire man?ion, mai?ter of my ?eruants,

     Queene oer my ?elfe...

   • 1794, E. Christian in William Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England, II. 418

     Lords of manors are distinguished from other land-owners with regard to the game.

   1. (archaic) The male head of a household, a father or husband.
      • 831, charter in Henry Sweet, The oldest English texts, 445

        Ymbe ðet lond et cert ðe hire eðelmod hire hlabard salde.

      • 1594, William Shakespeare, "The Rape of Lucrece"

        ...thou worthie Lord,

        Of that vnworthie wife that greeteth thee

      • c. 1591, William Shakespeare, The Taming of the Shrew (1623), act V, scene 2, 131 f.

        Pet. Katherine, I charge thee, tell the?e head-?trong women,

        What dutie they doe owe their Lords and hu?bands!

      • 1611, King James Bible, Genesis 18:12

        Therefore Sarah laughed within her ?elfe, ?aying, After I am waxed old, ?hall I haue plea?ure, my lord being old al?o?

      • 1816, Jane Austen, Emma, III. xvi. 300

        Yes, here I am, my good friend; and here I have been so long, that anywhere else I should think it necessary to apologise; but, the truth is, that I am waiting for my lord and master.

   2. (archaic) The owner of a house, piece of land, or other possession
      • ante 1300, Cursor Mundi, 601 f.

        Als oure lauerd has heuen in hand

        Sua suld man be lauerd of land.

      • 1480, Waterford Archives in the 10th Report of the Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts (1885), App. v. 316

        All suche lordes as have gutters betuxte thar houses.

      • ante 1637, Ben Jonson, Sad Shepherd, ii. i. 36

        A mightie Lord of Swine!

      • 1697, John Dryden translating Publius Virgilius Maro's Æneis, xii

        Turnus...

        Wrench'd from his feeble hold the shining Sword;

        And plung'd it in the Bosom of its Lord.

      • 1874, J. H. Collins, Principles of Metal Mining (1875), Gloss. 139/2

        Lord, the owner of the land in which a mine is situated is called the ‘lord’.

2. One possessing similar mastery over others; (historical) any feudal superior generally; any nobleman or aristocrat; any chief, prince, or sovereign ruler; in Scotland, a male member of the lowest rank of nobility (the equivalent rank in England is baron)
   • c. 893, Orosius's History, i. i. §13

     Ohthere sæde his hlaforde, Ælfrede cyninge, þæt...

   • 1530, John Palsgrave, Lesclarcissement, 680/1

     It is a pytuouse case... whan subjectes rebell agaynst their naturall lorde.

   • 1667, John Milton, Paradise Lost, xii. 70

     Man over men He made not Lord.

   1. (historical) A feudal tenant holding his manor directly of the king
   2. A peer of the realm, particularly a temporal one
      • ante 1375, William of Palerne (1867), l.4539

        To fare out as fast with his fader to speke, & with lordesse of þat lond.

      • ante 1420, T. Hoccleve, De Regimine Principum, 442

        Men myghten lordis knowe

        By there arraye, from oþir folke.

      • 1453, Rolls of Parliament, V. 266/2

        If such persone bee of the estate of a Lord, as Duc, Marques, Erle, Viscount or Baron.

      • 1597, William Shakespeare, The life and death of King Richard the Second, act IV, scene 1, 18

        Princes, and noble Lords:

        What an?wer ?hall I make to this ba?e man?

      • 1614, J. Selden, Titles of Honor, 59

        Our English name Lord, whereby we and the Scots stile all such as are of the Greater Nobilitie i. Barons, as also Bishops.

      • 1900 July 21, Daily Express, 5/7

        The Englishman of to-day still dearly loves a lord.

   3. (obsolete, uncommon) A baron or lesser nobleman, as opposed to greater ones
      • 1526, W. Bonde, Pylgrimage of Perfection, i. sig. Bviiiv

        Farre excellyng the state of lordes, erles, dukes or kynges.

      • 1826, Benjamin Disraeli, Vivian Grey, II. iii. iii. 26

        The Marquess played off the two Lords and the Baronet against his former friend.

3. One possessing similar mastery in figurative senses (esp. as lord of ~)
   • ante 1300, Cursor Mundi, 782

     O wityng bath god and ill ?ee suld be lauerds at ?our will.

   • 1398, John Trevisa translating Bartholomew de Glanville's De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495), viii. xvi. 322

     The sonne is the lorde of planetes.

   • 1697, John Dryden translating Publius Virgilius Maro as Georgics, iii

     Love is Lord of all.

   • 1992 November 18, Larry David, Seinfeld, 4.11: "The Contest":

     But are you still master of your domain?

     I am king of the county. You?

     Lord of the manor.

   1. A magnate of a trade or profession.

      The Tobacco Lords were a group of Scottish merchants and slave traders who in the 18th century made enormous fortunes by trading in tobacco.

      • 1823, W. Cobbett, Rural Rides (1885), I. 399

        Oh, Oh! The cotton Lords are tearing!

4. (astrology) The heavenly body considered to possess a dominant influence over an event, time, etc.
   • c. 1391, Geoffrey Chaucer, Treatise on the Astrolabe, ii. §4:

     The assendent, & eke the lord of the assendent, may be shapen for to be fortunat or infortunat, as thus, a fortunat assendent clepen they whan þat no wykkid planete, as Saturne or Mars, or elles the tail of the dragoun, is in þe hows of the assendent.

5. (Britain, slang, obsolete) A hunchback.
   • 1699, B.E., A new dictionary of the terms ancient and modern of the canting crew:

     Lord, a very crooked, deformed... Person.

6. (Britain, Australia, via Cockney rhyming slang, obsolete) Sixpence.
   • 1933 November 16, Times Literary Supplement, 782/1:

     Twenty years ago you might hear a sixpence described as a ‘Lord’ meaning ‘Lord of the Manor’; that is, a tanner.

Synonyms

• (master, owner): drighten, possessor, proprietor, sovereign

Derived terms

Descendants

Translations

See also

• lady

Verb

lord (third-person singular simple present lords, present participle lording, simple past and past participle lorded)

1. (intransitive and transitive) Domineer or act like a lord.

   • The grisly toadstool grown there might I see, / And loathed paddocks lording on the same.

2. (transitive) To invest with the dignity, power, and privileges of a lord; to grant the title of lord.

Synonyms

• (made a lord): elevate, ennoble, invest

Derived terms

• (act like a lord): lord it over

Translations

References

• lord in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
• lord at OneLook Dictionary Search

Faroese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /l???/

Noun

lord

1. indefinite accusative singular of lordur

Hungarian

Etymology

From English lord.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?lord]
• Hyphenation: lord
• Rhymes: -ord

Noun

lord (plural lordok)

1. lord (English nobleman or aristocrat)

Declension

References

Italian

Etymology

Borrowed from English lord.

Noun

lord m (invariable)

1. lord (British aristocrat)
2. gentleman

Middle English

Alternative forms

• (Early ME) lhoaverd, laford, loverd, louerd, lowerd
• lorde, lhord, lourd, lourde, laverd

Etymology

From Old English hl?ford, hl?fweard, in turn from hl?f (“bread, loaf”) + weard (“ward, guardian, keeper”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /l??rd/
• (Early ME) IPA^(key): /?l??w?rd/, /?l??v?rd/

Noun

lord (plural lordes)

1. lord (important man)
2. Lord (title of God)

Derived terms

• landlorde
• lordlyng
• yere of our lord

Descendants

• English: lord
• Scots: laird
• Yola: loard

References

• “l?rd, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Borrowed from English lord.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /lôrd/

Noun

l?rd m (Cyrillic spelling ?????)

1. lord (British title)

Declension

References

• “lord” in Hrvatski jezi?ni portal

Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from English lord.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?lo?d/, [?lo?ð?]

• IPA^(key): /?lo?/, [?lo?]

Noun

lord m (plural lores)

1. lord (British title)

Related terms

• milord

Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from English lord.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?o?d]
• Hyphenation: lord

Noun

lord (definite accusative lordu, plural lordlar)

1. lord

   Hypernym: asilzade

Declension

English

Etymology

[1589] Borrowed from Middle French cavalier (“horseman”), itself borrowed from Old Italian cavaliere (“mounted soldier, knight”), borrowed from Old Occitan cavalier, from Late Latin caball?rius (“horseman”), from Latin caballus (“horse”), probably from Gaulish caballos 'nag', variant of cabillos (compare Welsh ceffyl, Breton kefel, Irish capall), akin to German (Swabish) K?b 'nag' and Old Church Slavonic ?????? (kobyla) 'mare'.

Previous English forms include cavalero and cavaliero.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?kæv??l???/
• Rhymes: -??(?)
• Hyphenation: cav?a?lier

Adjective

cavalier (comparative more cavalier, superlative most cavalier)

1. Not caring enough about something important.
   • 2012, Barbara Seaman, Laura Eldridge, Voices of the Women's Health Movement (volume 1)

     Such a cavalier attitude might seem to suggest that doctors consider the uterus as dispensable an organ as, say, an appendix—and some feminists have accused the medical profession of just such callousness […]

2. High-spirited.
3. Supercilious.

   Synonyms: haughty, disdainful, curt, brusque

4. (historical) Of or pertaining to the party of King Charles I of England (1600–1649).

Translations

Noun

cavalier (plural cavaliers)

1. (historical) A military man serving on horse, (chiefly) early modern cavalry officers who had abandoned the heavy armor of medieval knights.
2. (historical) A gallant: a sprightly young dashing military man.
3. A gentleman of the class of such officers, particularly:
   1. (historical) A courtesan or noble under Charles I of England, particularly a royalist partisan during the English Civil War which ended his reign.

      Antonym: Roundhead

4. (slang) Someone with an uncircumcised penis.

   Antonym: roundhead
5. (architecture) A defensive work rising from a bastion, etc., and overlooking the surrounding area.

Translations

Verb

cavalier (third-person singular simple present cavaliers, present participle cavaliering, simple past and past participle cavaliered)

1. (transitive, dated) Of a man: to act in a gallant and dashing manner toward (women).
   • 1863, Charles Cowden Clarke, Shakespeare-characters; Chiefly Those Subordinate (page 427)

     His social and kind nature is inferred from his cavaliering the ladies Percy and Mortimer, and introducing them, before their husbands depart for the war.

   • 1916, Good Housekeeping (volume 64, page 113)

     "I thought," Graeme burred at him, transfixing him with shrewd eyes, "that you were cavaliering the Italian girl, Beatrice Cenci or Vittoria Colonna or whatever her name is?"

References

Anagrams

• variceal

French

Etymology

Borrowed from Italian cavaliere, itself borrowed from Old Occitan cavalier, from Late Latin caball?rius. Doublet of chevalier, which was inherited.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ka.va.lje/

Noun

cavalier m (plural cavaliers, feminine cavalière)

1. horseman, particularly:
   • 1876, "C" in the Encyclopædia Britannica, 9th ed., Vol. IV, p. 616:

     ...before a in French an original c has the sound sh, and is spelt ch... Exceptions to this rule are generally words incorporated into classical French (i.e., the descendant of the old dialect of the Isle de France) from other dialects, as those of Normandy or Picardy, or are introduced from the Italian, as cavalier, &c.

   1. knight
   2. cavalier: an early modern cavalry officer
   3. (horse-)rider
2. (chess, m) knight
3. (card games, m) knight (in tarot)
4. (m) U-nail, fence staple, construction staple
5. (m) cable clip
6. (danse, m) (male) partner
7. (m) (male) date, (male) companion for social activities

Derived terms

• faire cavalier seul

Adjective

cavalier (feminine singular cavalière, masculine plural cavaliers, feminine plural cavalières)

1. equestrian
2. cavalier (all senses)

See also

Further reading

• “cavalier” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Anagrams

• calvaire