different between log vs nul

For the list of public logs on this wiki, see Special:Log.

Translingual

Symbol

log

1. (mathematics) logarithm

   if ${\displaystyle x=b^{y}}$ then ${\displaystyle \log _{b}(x)=y}$

Usage notes

If not specified, the base of the logarithm is assumed to be either 2, 10, or e, depending on context:

• Base e is most common in professional mathematics.
• Base 10 is typical for many calculators, in the physical sciences, and in secondary school pedagogy.
• Base 2 is frequently used in theoretical computer science but rare outside that field.

Hyponyms

• (with base e) ln
• (with base 10) lg
• (with base 2) lb, ld

English

Alternative forms

• logg, logge (obsolete)

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /l??/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /l??/, /l??/
• (cot–caught merger, Canada) IPA^(key): /l??/
• Rhymes: -??, -???

Etymology 1

From Middle English logge, logg (since 14th century, while its Anglo-Latin derivatives are attested since early 13th century), of unknown origin.

Ending on -g suggests Scandinavian origin, and it has been proposed: cf. Old Norse lóg, lág (“a felled tree; log”), which is from liggja (“to lie”), or its regular reflex Norwegian låg (“fallen tree”), which could have been borrowed through the Norwegian timber trade. However the Old Norse/Middle Norwegian vowel is long while Middle English vowel is short.

Noun

log (plural logs)

1. The trunk of a dead tree, cleared of branches.

   They walked across the stream on a fallen log.

2. Any bulky piece as cut from the above, used as timber, fuel etc.
   • 1995: New American Standard Bible: Matthew 7, 3 – 5

     Why do you look at the speck that is in your brother's eye, but do not notice the log that is in your own eye? Or how can you say to your brother, "Let me take the speck out of your eye," and behold, the log is in your own eye? You hypocrite, first take the log out of your own eye, and then you will see clearly to take the speck out of your brother's eye.

3. A unit of length equivalent to 16 feet, used for measuring timber, especially the trunk of a tree.
4. Anything shaped like a log; a cylinder.
5. (nautical) A floating device, usually of wood, used in navigation to estimate the speed of a vessel through water.
   • 1659, Navigation by the Mariners Plain Scale New Plain'd, by John Collins

     Every Noon the Master and his Mates take the reckoning off the Log-board, and double the Knots run, and then divide the Product, which is the number of Miles run by three, the quotient is the Leagues run since the former Noon, and according to custom the Log is thrown every two hours, and I never knew the course nearer expressed on the Log-board, then to half a point of the Compass.

6. (figuratively) A blockhead; a very stupid person.
7. (surfing slang) A heavy longboard.
   • 1999, Neal Miyake [1]

     I know he hadn’t surfed on a log much in his childhood

8. (figuratively) A rolled cake with filling.
9. (mining) A weight or block near the free end of a hoisting rope to prevent it from being drawn through the sheave.
10. (vulgar) A piece of feces.
11. (vulgar) A penis.

Hyponyms

• (nautical): chip log, taffrail log
• (rolled cake): Swiss roll, Yule log

Derived terms

Translations

Verb

log (third-person singular simple present logs, present participle logging, simple past and past participle logged)

1. (transitive) To cut trees into logs.
2. (transitive) To cut down (trees).
3. (intransitive) To cut down trees in an area, harvesting and transporting the logs as wood.

Synonyms

• (logbook):

Derived terms

• logger

Related terms

• (to cut down trees): logging

Translations

Etymology 2

From logbook, itself from log (above) + book, from a wooden float (chip log, or simply log) used to measure speed.

Noun

log (plural logs)

1. A logbook, or journal of a vessel (or aircraft)'s progress
   • 1883, Robert Louis Stevenson, Treasure Island

     The captain sat down to his log, and here is the beginning of the entry:...

2. A chronological record of actions, performances, computer/network usage, etc.
3. (computer science) Specifically, an append-only sequence of records written to file.

Derived terms

• weblog

Translations

Verb

log (third-person singular simple present logs, present participle logging, simple past and past participle logged)

1. (transitive) To make, to add an entry (or more) in a log or logbook.

   to log the miles travelled by a ship

2. (transitive) To travel (a distance) as shown in a logbook
3. (transitive) To travel at a specified speed, as ascertained by chip log.

Derived terms

• log in

Related terms

• (to add an entry to a log): logbook, weblog/blog, log out/log off, log in/log on

Translations

Etymology 3

Verb

log (third-person singular simple present logs, present participle logging, simple past and past participle logged)

1. (obsolete) To move to and fro; to rock.

Etymology 4

From Hebrew ????.

Noun

log (plural logs)

1. (historical units of measure) A Hebrew unit of liquid volume (about ¹?₃ liter).

   • ...and one log of oil...

   • 1902, Jewish Encyclopedia, s.v. "Weights and Measures":

     In the Hebrew system the log (Lev. xiv. 10) corresponds to the mina. Since the Hellenistic writers equate the log with the Græco-Roman sextarius, whatever these writers say on the relation of the sextarius to other measures applies also to the relation of these measures to the log. The log and the sextarius, however, are not equal in capacity. The sextarius is estimated at .547 liter, while there is no reason to regard the log as larger than the Babylonian mina, especially as other references of the Greek metrologists support the assumption that the log was equal to the mina. The fact that in the Old Testament the log is mentioned only as a fluid measure may be merely accidental, for the dry measures, which are distinguished in all other cases from the liquid measures, also have the log as their unit. The corresponding dry measure may, however, have been known under a different name.

Meronyms

• cab, kab (4 logs); hin (12 logs); bath (72 logs); cor, kor, homer, chomer (720 logs)

Etymology 5

From logarithm.

Noun

log (plural logs)

1. logarithm.

2. (sciences) A difference of one in the logarithm, usually in base 10; an order of magnitude.

Derived terms

• common log
• lognormal
• natural log

References

• "Weights and Measures" at Oxford Biblical Studies Online

Anagrams

• Glo.

Albanian

Etymology

From Proto-Albanian *l?ga, from Proto-Indo-European *leg?- (“to put down, lie down”). Compare Old Frisian l?ch, Dutch oorlog (“war”), Middle High German urlage (“fate, battle”), Old English log (“place”), Old Norse løgi (“tranquillity”), Greek ????? (lóchos, “confinement”), Tocharian A lake, Tocharian B leke (“lair”), Old Irish lige (“bad, grave”). Alternatively derived from Proto-Slavic *l?g?, compare Serbo-Croatian lug, Bulgarian ??? (l?g).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [l??]

Noun

log m (indefinite plural logje, definite singular logu, definite plural logjet)

1. field (in a forest); flat ground, area
2. battlefield

Declension

Related terms

• lamth
• lug

References

Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /l?x/
• Rhymes: -?x

Etymology 1

Cognates may include English log, lag, Middle High German luggich (“slow”).

Adjective

log (comparative logger, superlative logst)

1. lumbering, inert, slow in movement; immobile
2. (originally) plumb, (too) heavy in built ande/or weight
3. cumbersome, hard to move or change
4. dull, uninspired

Inflection

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Cognate with liegen (“to (tell a) lie”), German lügen.

Noun

log n (plural loggen, diminutive logje n)

1. A lie, violation of the truth

Derived terms

• logbaar
• onlogbaar

Etymology 3

Borrowed from German Loch (“hole, opening, cavity”).

Noun

log n (plural loggen)

1. (obsolete) Alternative form of loch

Derived terms

Etymology 4

From English log (see above), sense (and short for) chip log.

Noun

log m (plural loggen, diminutive logje n)

1. A chip log, instrument to measure a vessel's speed

Synonyms

• (derivation): logplankje n

Derived terms

Etymology 5

From logboek.

Noun

log n (plural loggen, diminutive logje n)

1. logbook
2. (computing) log

Etymology 6

Noun

log n or m (plural logs, diminutive logje n)

1. (Internet) weblog

   Synonym: blog

German

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /lo?k/

Verb

log

1. first/third-person singular preterite of lügen

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish loc (“place; hollow, pit, ditch; burial place, grave”), possibly from Latin locus.

Pronunciation

• (Munster, Connacht) IPA^(key): /l????/
• (Ulster) IPA^(key): /l????/

Noun

log m or f (genitive singular loig or loige, nominative plural loig)

1. (literary) place
2. hollow

Declension

Alternative declension

Derived terms

Further reading

• "log" in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.
• Gregory Toner, Maire Ní Mhaonaigh, Sharon Arbuthnot, Dagmar Wodtko, Maire-Luise Theuerkauf, editors (2019) , “1 loc”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

From Old Norse l?gr (“lake, liquid”), from Proto-Germanic *laguz, and ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *lókus (“pond, pool”). Cognates include Latin lacus and Scottish Gaelic loch.

Alternative forms

• Log (obsolete capitalization)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /lo??/ (example of pronunciation)
• Homophone: låg

Noun

log m (definite singular logen, indefinite plural logar, definite plural logane)

1. a fluid used in the boiling of plant material
   1. the resulting broth or stock from such a process
   2. (agriculture) a drink for livestock made from hey boiled or soaked in water
   3. (brewing) hot water poured over the malt during the brewing process
2. (in place names) a body of water, usually a river or lake

Synonyms

• (from boiling): avkok, kraft

Derived terms

• barlog
• briskelog
• einelog, einerlog
• humlelog
• tjærelog, tjørelog

Related terms

• låg (Norwegian Bokmål)

Etymology 2

From Old Norse l?g, neuter plural nominative and accusative of lag. Akin to English law.

Alternative forms

• Log (obsolete capitalization)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /lo??/ (example of pronunciation)
• Homophone: låg

Noun

log f (definite singular logi, indefinite plural loger, definite plural logene)

1. Archaic form of lov (“law”).
   • 1894, Log um sams normaltid fyr kongeriket Norig [Law about standard time in the Kingdom of Norway] (Wikipedia)

     §2 Naar normaltid etter denne logi er innførd, og det daa maatte visa seg trong til aa byta um noko klokkeslætte, som er nemnt i eldre loger, skal kongen kunne taka avgjerd um slikt umbyte fyr det heile land elder fyr einskilde landsluter.

     §2 If when, standard time is introduced according to this law, there be need to change some times mentioned in older laws, the king shall decide on such a change for all the land, or for a specific province.

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the main entry.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /lo??/ (example of pronunciation)
• Homophone: låg

Verb

log

1. imperative of loga and loge

Etymology 4

See the etymology of the main entry.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /lu??/ (example of pronunciation)

Verb

log

1. (non-standard since 1917) past tense of le

References

Anagrams

• glo, gol, -log

Old English

Alternative forms

• l?h

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /lo??/, [lo??]

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *l?g? (“site, situation, camp”), from Proto-Indo-European *leg?- (“to be situated, lie”). Cognate with Old Frisian l?ch (“place, locality”), Old High German luog (“cave, den, cubicle”), Old Norse lóg (“place”). The Indo-European root is also the source of Greek ??????? (léktron), Latin lectus (“bed”), Albanian log (“place for men, gathering”), Proto-Celtic *leg- (Old Irish lige, Irish luighe), Proto-Slavic *ležati (Russian ??????? (ležát?)).

Noun

l?g n

1. a place, stead

Declension

Derived terms

• l?hsceaft

Related terms

Descendants

• Middle English: lo?, loogh, lough

Etymology 2

Inflected forms.

Verb

l?g

1. first-person singular preterite of l?an
2. third-person singular preterite of l?an

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From lèžati.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /lô??/

Noun

l?g m (Cyrillic spelling ????)

1. (archaic) bed

Declension

References

• “log” in Hrvatski jezi?ni portal

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *l?g?.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ló?k/

Noun

l??g m inan

1. grove
2. small forest

Inflection

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Further reading

• “log”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran

Swedish

Verb

log

1. past tense of le.

Anagrams

• glo, gol

Volapük

Etymology

Compound of French le and German Auge.

Noun

log (nominative plural logs)

1. (anatomy) eye

Declension

Derived terms

• logalip
• logön

Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch nul, from Middle Dutch nul, from Middle French nul or Italian nulla, from Latin nullus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nœl/

Numeral

nul

1. zero

Catalan

Etymology

From Latin nullus (“none”), attested from 1888.

Pronunciation

• (Balearic, Central, Valencian) IPA^(key): /?nul/

Adjective

nul (feminine nul·la, masculine plural nuls, feminine plural nul·les)

1. null, insignificant, negligible
2. useless, inept

   Synonyms: inútil, inepte

3. null, void, invalid
4. null, absent, non-existent

   Synonyms: absent, inexistent

Related terms

• anul·lar

References

Further reading

• “nul” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “nul” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “nul” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Danish

Etymology

Via German Null (“zero”) and Italian nulla (“zero”) from New Latin n?lla (“zero”), a substantivization of the adjective Latin n?llus (“no”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?nol/, [?n?l]

Numeral

nul

1. zero

Interjection

nul

1. no way (vehement refusal)

Synonyms

• niks, nix, du kan tro nej

Noun

nul n (singular definite nullet, plural indefinite nuller)

1. The numeric symbol that represents the cardinal number zero.

   En million er et ettal med seks nuller efter.

   One million is a one followed by six zeros.

2. (figuratively) A nobody, a nonentity.
3. (in the plural) 2000s (the first decade of the 21st century)

Declension

Descendants

• ? Icelandic: núll

Pronoun

nul (uninflected)

1. (determiner) no
2. (pronoun) nothing

Synonyms

• ingen, intet

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch nul, from Middle French nul, from Old French nul, nulle (modern French nul) or Italian nulla, from Latin n?lla, from Latin n?llus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /n?l/
• Hyphenation: nul
• Rhymes: -?l

Numeral

nul

1. zero, nought

Derived terms

Noun

nul m (plural nullen, diminutive nulletje n)

1. (mathematics) A zero, naught, the numerical expression of none, nothing.
2. (figuratively) A score of zero, the worst possible result.
3. (figuratively) A good-for-nothing, worth-/use-less person.

Related terms

• annuleren (verb)
• nihil
• nulliteit

Descendants

• Afrikaans: nul

Adjective

nul (used only predicatively, not comparable)

1. (archaic) nul, void
2. worthless

Synonyms

• (void) ongeldig
• (worthless) waardeloos

Esperanto

Etymology

Back-formation from nulo.

Pronunciation

Numeral

nul

1. zero

Usage notes

Can be used with both singular and plural nouns. (E.g. “zero dollars” can be both “nul dolaro” or “nul dolaroj”.) There is no formal standard for grammatical plurality of numbers between -1 and 1.

French

Etymology

From Middle French nul, from Old French, from Latin nullus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nyl/

Adjective

nul (feminine singular nulle, masculine plural nuls, feminine plural nulles)

1. (indefinite, singular only) no, nil
2. of poor quality, lousy, rubbish
3. lame

Usage notes

• The plural forms of nul as a determiner are archaic.

Noun

nul m (plural nuls)

1. (sports) A draw.

Pronoun

nul ?

1. (literary) no one, nobody

Synonyms

• personne

Derived terms

Further reading

• “nul” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Anagrams

• l'un

Middle French

Etymology

From Old French nul, from Latin nullus.

Pronoun

nul

1. nobody; no one

Adjective

nul m (feminine singular nulle, masculine plural nuls, feminine plural nulles)

1. none (not any)

Descendants

• French: nul
• ? English: null

Old French

Etymology

Latin nullus.

Pronoun

nul (singular, nominative nus or nuls)

1. nobody; no one

Adjective

nul m (oblique and nominative feminine singular nule)

1. none (not any)

Descendants

• Middle French: nul
  • French: nul
  • ? English: null
• ? Dutch: nul
  • Afrikaans: nul

Romansch

Alternative forms

• (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan) nulla
• (Sutsilvan) nola, nula
• (Surmiran, Puter, Vallader) nolla

Etymology

From Latin nullus.

Numeral

nul

1. (Sursilvan) zero