different between language vs pal

English

Pronunciation

• enPR: l?ng?gw?j, IPA^(key): /?læ??w?d??/
  • (General American, Canada) IPA^(key): (see /æ/ raising) [?le???w?d??]
• Hyphenation: lan?guage

Etymology 1

From Middle English langage, language, from Old French language, from Vulgar Latin *lingu?ticum, from Latin lingua (“tongue, speech, language”), from Old Latin dingua (“tongue”), from Proto-Indo-European *dn???wéh?s (“tongue, speech, language”). Displaced native Old English ?eþ?ode.

Noun

language (countable and uncountable, plural languages)

1. (countable) A body of words, and set of methods of combining them (called a grammar), understood by a community and used as a form of communication.
   • 1867, Report on the Systems of Deaf-Mute Instruction pursued in Europe, quoted in 1983 in History of the College for the Deaf, 1857-1907 ?ISBN, page 240:

     Hence the natural language of the mute is, in schools of this class, suppressed as soon and as far as possible, and its existence as a language, capable of being made the reliable and precise vehicle for the widest range of thought, is ignored.
2. (uncountable) The ability to communicate using words.

3. (uncountable) A sublanguage: the slang of a particular community or jargon of a particular specialist field.
   • 1991, Stephen Fry, The Liar, p. 35:

     And ‘blubbing’... Blubbing went out with ‘decent’ and ‘ripping’. Mind you, not a bad new language to start up. Nineteen-twenties schoolboy slang could be due for a revival.

4. (countable, uncountable, figuratively) The expression of thought (the communication of meaning) in a specified way; that which communicates something, as language does.
   • 2001, Eugene C. Kennedy, Sara C. Charles, On Becoming a Counselor ?ISBN:

     A tale about themselves [is] told by people with help from the universal languages of their eyes, their hands, and even their shirting feet.
5. (countable, uncountable) A body of sounds, signs and/or signals by which animals communicate, and by which plants are sometimes also thought to communicate.
   • 1983, The Listener, volume 110, page 14:

     A more likely hypothesis was that the attacked leaves were transmitting some airborne chemical signal to sound the alarm, rather like insects sending out warnings […] But this is the first time that a plant-to-plant language has been detected.

   • 2009, Animals in Translation, page 274:

     Prairie dogs use their language to refer to real dangers in the real world, so it definitely has meaning.

6. (computing, countable) A computer language; a machine language.
   • 2015, Kent D. Lee, Foundations of Programming Languages ?ISBN, page 94

     In fact pointers are called references in these languages to distinguish them from pointers in languages like C and C++.

7. (uncountable) Manner of expression.
   • 1782, William Cowper, Hope

     Their language simple, as their manners meek, […]

8. (uncountable) The particular words used in a speech or a passage of text.

9. (uncountable) Profanity.

Synonyms

• (form of communication): see Thesaurus:language
• (vocabulary of a particular field): see Thesaurus:jargon
• (computer language): computer language, programming language, machine language
• (particular words used): see Thesaurus:wording

Hypernyms

• medium

Hyponyms

• See Category:en:Languages

Derived terms

Related terms

Translations

Verb

language (third-person singular simple present languages, present participle languaging, simple past and past participle languaged)

1. (rare, now nonstandard or technical) To communicate by language; to express in language.

   • Others were languaged in such doubtful expressions that they have a double sense.

See also

• bilingual
• lexis
• linguistics
• multilingual
• term
• trilingual
• word

Etymology 2

Alteration of languet.

Noun

language (plural languages)

1. A languet, a flat plate in or below the flue pipe of an organ.

References

• language at OneLook Dictionary Search
• language in Keywords for Today: A 21st Century Vocabulary, edited by The Keywords Project, Colin MacCabe, Holly Yanacek, 2018.
• language in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.

French

Noun

language m (plural languages)

1. Archaic spelling of langage.

Middle English

Noun

language (plural languages)

1. Alternative form of langage

Middle French

Alternative forms

• langage
• langaige
• languaige

Etymology

From Old French language.

Noun

language m (plural languages)

1. language (style of communicating)

Related terms

• langue

Descendants

• French: langage
  • Haitian Creole: langaj
    • ? English: langaj
  • Mauritian Creole: langaz

Old French

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *lingu?ticum, from Classical Latin lingua (“tongue, language”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /lan??ad???/

Noun

language f (oblique plural languages, nominative singular language, nominative plural languages)

1. language (style of communicating)

Related terms

• langue, lingue

Descendants

• ? Middle English: language
  • English: language
• Middle French: language
  • French: langage
    • Haitian Creole: langaj
      • ? English: langaj
    • Mauritian Creole: langaz
• ? Old Spanish: lenguage

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Angloromani pal (“brother, friend”), from Romani phral (“brother”), from Sanskrit ?????? (bhr?t?, “brother”). Doublet of brother and frater.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /pal/
• (US) IPA^(key): /pæl/
• Rhymes: -æl

Noun

pal (plural pals)

1. (colloquial) A friend, buddy, mate, cobber; someone to hang around with.

   Little Timmy's out playing with his pals.

2. (colloquial) An informal term of address, often used ironically in a hostile way.

   Don't you threaten me, pal – I'll report you to the police.

Synonyms

• See also Thesaurus:friend

Translations

Derived terms

Verb

pal (third-person singular simple present pals, present participle palling, simple past and past participle palled)

1. Be friends with, hang around with.

Related terms

Anagrams

• ALP, APL, LPA, PLA, Pla, alp, lap

Angloromani

Alternative forms

• palla, pel, pral, prala, pralla, pulu

Etymology

From Romani phral, from Sanskrit ?????? (bhr??t?), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *b?ráHt?, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *b?ráHt?, from Proto-Indo-European *b?réh?t?r. Cognate with English brother.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?p?æl], [p?æ?]

Noun

pal

1. brother

2. friend

Derived terms

Descendants

• ? English: pal

References

• “pal” in The Manchester Romani Project, Angloromani Dictionary.
• “pal” in The Manchester Romani Project, Angloromani Dictionary.

Asturian

Etymology

From a contraction of the preposition pa (“for”) + masculine singular article el (“the”).

Contraction

pal m

1. for the

Cahuilla

Etymology

From Proto-Uto-Aztecan *pa.

Noun

pál

1. water

References

• Katherine Siva Sauvel; Pamela Munro (1983) Chem'ivillu' (let's speak Cahuilla)

Catalan

Etymology

From Old Occitan pal, from Latin p?lus (“stake, pole”), from Proto-Italic *p?kslos, from Proto-Indo-European *peh??-slos, from *peh??-.

Pronunciation

• (Balearic, Central, Valencian) IPA^(key): /?pal/
• Rhymes: -al

Noun

pal m (plural pals)

1. stake
2. pole
3. (heraldry) pale
4. (colloquial) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Related terms

See also

Cupeño

Etymology

From Proto-Uto-Aztecan *pa. Cognate with Cahuilla pál, Luiseño paala, Tübatulabal bal, Northern Paiute paa, Comanche paa, Hopi paahu, Classical Nahuatl atl.

Noun

pál

1. water

References

• Jane H. Hill (2005) A Grammar of Cupeño

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?pal]
• Rhymes: -al

Interjection

pal!

1. fire! (a signal to shoot)

Verb

pal

1. second-person singular imperative of pálit

Further reading

• pal in P?íru?ní slovník jazyka ?eského, 1935–1957
• pal in Slovník spisovného jazyka ?eského, 1960–1971, 1989

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle French pal, from Latin p?lus. Cognate with paal.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /p?l/
• Rhymes: -?l

Noun

pal m (plural pallen, diminutive palletje n)

1. catch (mechanism which stops something from moving the wrong way)

Adverb

pal

1. firm, firmly
2. (with a preposition or adverb) right, immediately

Anagrams

• lap

French

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin p?lus (“stake, pole”). Compare the inherited doublet pieu.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pal/

Noun

pal m (plural pals)

1. stake
2. pole
3. (heraldry) pale

References

• “pal” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Garo

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Postposition

pal

1. (follows genitive case -ni) because, on account of

Indonesian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?pal]
• Hyphenation: pal

Etymology 1

From Dutch paal (“pole”), from Middle Dutch pâel, from Old Dutch p?l, from Latin p?lus. See Dutch mijlpaal (“milestone”).

Noun

pal (first-person possessive palku, second-person possessive palmu, third-person possessive palnya)

1. milestone, one of a series of numbered markers placed along a road at regular intervals, typically at the side of the road or in a median.

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Noun

pal (first-person possessive palku, second-person possessive palmu, third-person possessive palnya)

1. Nonstandard spelling of faal.

Further reading

• “pal” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) Daring, Jakarta: Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, 2016.

Lower Sorbian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [pal]

Participle

pal

1. second-person singular imperative of pali?

Northern Kurdish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /p??l/
• Rhymes: -al

Noun

pal ?

1. side

Occitan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pal/

Noun

pal m (plural pals)

1. post, pole, stake
2. (nautical) mast

Old English

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin p?lus (“stake”), possibly through a late Proto-Germanic intermediate. Compare Old High German pf?l (German Pfahl), Old Dutch p?l (Dutch paal).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /p??l/

Noun

p?l m

1. stake

Declension

Descendants

• Middle English: pole, pal
  • English: pole

Old Frisian

Etymology

Borrowed from either Old Dutch p?l or Old High German p?l, from Proto-West Germanic *p?laz, from Latin p?lus (“stake, prop”), from Proto-Italic *p?kslos, from Proto-Indo-European *peh??- (“to attach”). Cognate to Old English p?l. Doublet of p?l.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?pa?l/

Noun

p?l f

1. pole

References

• Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009) An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, ?ISBN

Pipil

Pronunciation

• (standard) IPA^(key): /pal/

Relational

-pal

1. of (genitive relation, also forms genitive pronouns)

2. for (benefactive relation)

Declension

Usage notes

• The relational noun -pal is part of a restricted group of relationals that can be used without a possessive marker when it accompanies an explicit complement, thus acting like a preposition:

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pal/

Etymology 1

From Latin p?lus (“stake”).

Noun

pal m inan

1. stake (piece of wood)
2. pile (for the support of a building)

Declension

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the main entry.

Verb

pal

1. second-person singular imperative of pali?

Further reading

• pal in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Romanian

Etymology

From French pâle.

Adjective

pal m or n (feminine singular pal?, masculine plural pali, feminine and neuter plural pale)

1. pale

Declension

Spanish

Contraction

pal

1. (colloquial) contraction of para (“for”) + el (“the”)

Related terms

Volapük

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [pal]

Noun

pal (nominative plural pals)

1. parent, father or mother
2. Hyponyms: fat, hipal, jipal, mot

Declension

Derived terms

See also