different between knave vs rat
knave
English
Etymology
From Middle English knave, knafe, from Old English cnafa (“child, boy, youth; servant”), from Proto-West Germanic *knab?.
Pronunciation
- enPR: n?v, IPA(key): /ne?v/
- Rhymes: -e?v
- Homophone: nave
Noun
knave (plural knaves)
- (archaic) A boy; especially, a boy servant.
- (archaic) Any male servant; a menial.
- Many a duteous and knee-crooking knave that, doting on his own obsequious bondage, wears out his time, much like his master's ass, For naught but provender, and when he's old – cashier'd! Whip me such honest knaves.
- A tricky, deceitful fellow; a dishonest person.
- Synonyms: rogue, villain
- I had never defrauded a man of a farthing, nor called him knave behind his back. But now the last rag that covered my nakedness had been torn from me. I was branded a blackleg, card-sharper, and murderer.
- (card games) A playing card marked with the figure of a servant or soldier; a jack.
Synonyms
- See also Thesaurus:villain
Derived terms
- knavery
- knavish
Translations
Anagrams
- Kevan, Vanek
Middle English
Alternative forms
- cnave, knafe, cnafe, knaffe, knaue, knawe, knaf, knaw
Etymology
From Old English cnafa, from Proto-Germanic *knabô. Compare knape.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?kna?v(?)/
Noun
knave (plural knaves or knaven)
- son, male child (offspring)
- boy, lad, male child or baby
- guy, bloke, man
- servant, hireling, menial
- peasant, lowly individual
- infantryman, soldier
- knave, caitiff, despicable individual
Related terms
- knave child
Descendants
- English: knave
- Scots: knave, knafe, knaif
References
- “kn?ve, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-04-23.
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rat
English
Pronunciation
- enPR: r?t, IPA(key): /?æt/
- Rhymes: -æt
Etymology 1
From Middle English ratte, rat, rotte, from Old English rætt, as though from Proto-Germanic *rattaz, *ratt? (compare West Frisian rôt, Dutch rat), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *reh?d- (“to scrape, scratch, gnaw”); however, the rat was unknown in Northern Europe in antiquity, so if the Proto-Germanic word is real it must have referred to a different animal. Attestation of this family of words begins in the 12th century.
Some of the Germanic cognates show consonant variation, e.g. Middle Low German ratte, radde; Middle High German rate, ratte, ratze. The irregularity may be symptomatic of a late dispersal of the word, in which case it would not be old. Kroonen (2011) rather accounts for it with a Proto-Germanic stem *raþ? nom., *ruttaz gen., showing both ablaut and a Kluge's law alternation, with the variation arising from varying remodellings in the daughters. Kroonen's explanation requires a Proto-Indo-European etymon in final *t, and is hence incompatible with the usual derivation from Proto-Indo-European *reh?d- (“to scrape, scratch, gnaw”).
Noun
rat (plural rats)
- (zoology) A medium-sized rodent belonging to the genus Rattus.
- (informal) Any of the numerous members of several rodent families (e.g. voles and mice) that resemble true rats in appearance, usually having a pointy snout, a long, bare tail, and body length greater than about 12 cm, or 5 inches.
- (informal) A person who is known for betrayal; a scoundrel; a quisling.
- 1883, Robert Louis Stevenson, Treasure Island
- He’s more a man than any pair of rats of you in this here house.
- 1883, Robert Louis Stevenson, Treasure Island
- (informal) An informant or snitch.
- (informal) A scab: a worker who acts against trade union policies.
- (slang) A person who routinely spends time at a particular location.
- A wad of shed hair used as part of a hairstyle.
- A roll of material used to puff out the hair, which is turned over it.
- (Britain, north-west London, slang, vulgar) Vagina.
- (chiefly informal) Short for muskrat.
- 1910, L. W. Pierce, "Muskrats are fast disappearing", in Hunter-trader-trapper, page 70:
- The price of rats began to rise and soon after the marsh froze over, spearing rats began, which was done with a one tine three-eighths inch steel rod, with a wooden handle […]
- 1929, E. J. Dailey, in Hardings Magazine's Question Box, printed in Fur Fish Game, page 73:
- Where natural marshes, or natural foods are found, are best places for raising muskrats. Louisiana and other southern states raise millions of rats, but they do not bring as good prices as northern raised ones. Delaware and Maryland have famed marshes. Other states are becoming noted for muskrat raising, also.
- 1910, L. W. Pierce, "Muskrats are fast disappearing", in Hunter-trader-trapper, page 70:
Synonyms
- (person known for betrayal): traitor (see for more synonyms)
- (informer): stool pigeon
Derived terms
Translations
See also
- mouse
- rodent
Verb
rat (third-person singular simple present rats, present participle ratting, simple past and past participle ratted)
- (usually with “on” or “out”) To betray a person or party, especially by telling their secret to an authority or an enemy; to turn someone in.
- He ratted on his coworker.
- He is going to rat us out!
- (informal, intransitive) To work as a scab, going against trade union policies.
- (of a dog, etc.) To kill rats.
Synonyms
- (to betray someone to an authority): tell on, to finger or put the finger on, bewray
Translations
Etymology 2
From Middle English ratten, further etymology unknown. Compare Middle High German ratzen (“to scratch; rasp; tear”). Could be related to write. See also rit.
Noun
rat (plural rats)
- (regional) A scratch or a score.
- (nautical, regional) A place in the sea with rapid currents and crags where a ship is likely to be torn apart in stormy weather.
Verb
rat (third-person singular simple present rats, present participle ratting, simple past and past participle ratted)
- (regional) To scratch or score.
- (regional, rare, obsolete) To tear, rip, rend.
- Damn, drat, blast; used in oaths.
- 1904, Rafael Sabatini, The Tavern Knight, chapter XXVI:
- “But, rat me, sir,” cried Foster in bewilderment, “tis too generous—'pon honour it is. I can't consent to it. No, rat me, I can't.”
- 1904, Rafael Sabatini, The Tavern Knight, chapter XXVI:
Usage notes
The verb rat is rarely used in the second sense. In the sense to tear, rip, rend, the form to-rat is more common. Compare German zerreißen (“to rip up, tear, rend”).
References
- The Middle English Dictionary
- The English dialect dictionary
Etymology 3
Noun
rat (plural rats)
- (military, slang) A ration.
- 2014, John, Buffoon (page 243)
- With regards to the testing of his product, the initial blood analysis had come back confirming huge, distinctive nutritional superiority for Stewart's military ration pack. Given that the policy of the British Army is to be fully ready for war at the drop of a hat, he was sitting on the potential of supplying new rats for the entire army […]
- 2014, John, Buffoon (page 243)
Derived terms
- C-rat
Anagrams
- 'art, ART, ATR, Art, RTA, TAR, Tar, art, art., tar, tra
Catalan
Pronunciation
- (Balearic, Central, Valencian) IPA(key): /?rat/
- Rhymes: -at
Noun
rat m (plural rats)
- rat
- Synonym: rata
Further reading
- “rat” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “rat” in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana.
- “rat” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “rat” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Danish
Etymology
From Middle Low German rat (“wheel”), from Old Saxon rath.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /rat/, [???d?]
- Homophone: ret (except in some older speakers)
Noun
rat n (singular definite rattet, plural indefinite rat)
- wheel, steering wheel
Inflection
Dutch
Alternative forms
- rot (Northern Dutch, dialectal)
Etymology
From Middle Dutch ratte.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /r?t/
- Hyphenation: rat
- Rhymes: -?t
- Homophone: rad
Noun
rat f (plural ratten, diminutive ratje n)
- (zoology) A rat, medium-sized rodent belonging to the genus Rattus, or of certain other genera in the family Muridae.
- (informal) Any of the numerous, fairly large members of several rodent families that resemble true rats in appearance.
- (informal) A traitor; a scoundrel; a quisling.
- (informal) An informant or snitch.
- (informal) An urchin.
- (informal) A pauper; undesirable commoner.
- (slang) A watch.
Derived terms
- landrat
- rattenbeet
- rattengif
- rattenkoning
- rattenval
- rattenvanger
- rattenvergif
- rioolrat
- straatrat
- waterrat
- zwemrat
- animal species
- bisamrat
- bruine rat
- buidelrat
- muskusrat
- rattenbever
- rattenvlo
- woelrat
- woestijnrat
- zwarte rat
Descendants
- Afrikaans: rot
French
Etymology
From Middle French rat (“rat”), from Old French rat (“rat”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?a/
Noun
rat m (plural rats)
- rat
- (informal) sweetheart
- scrooch
Derived terms
Related terms
- raton
- rate
- rat d'hôtel
- rater
Further reading
- “rat” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Anagrams
- art
Indonesian
Etymology
From Javanese rat (???), from Sanskrit ?? (ratha, “chariot, wagon, body”). See Yana (Buddhism) in Wikipedia for more information.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [?rat??]
- Hyphenation: rat
Noun
rat (first-person possessive ratku, second-person possessive ratmu, third-person possessive ratnya)
- (archaic) world
- Synonyms: alam, dunia, jagat
Further reading
- “rat” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) Daring, Jakarta: Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, 2016.
Kalasha
Etymology
From Sanskrit ?????? (r?tri). Cognate with Hindi ??? (r?t).
Noun
rat (Arabic ????)
- night
Middle Dutch
Etymology 1
From Old Dutch *rath, from Proto-Germanic *raþ?, from Proto-Indo-European *Hret-.
Noun
rat n
- wheel
- Synonym: wiel
Inflection
This noun needs an inflection-table template.
Descendants
- Dutch: rad
- Limburgish: raad
Etymology 2
From Old Dutch *rath, from Proto-Germanic *raþaz, from Proto-Indo-European *Hret-.
Adjective
rat
- fast, quick
Inflection
This adjective needs an inflection-table template.
Descendants
- Dutch: rad
Further reading
- “rat”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929) , “rat (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, ?ISBN, page I
- Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929) , “rat (III)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, ?ISBN, page III
Middle English
Noun
rat
- Alternative form of ratte
Norman
Etymology
From Old French rat (“rat”).
Noun
rat m (plural rats)
- (Jersey, Guernsey) rat
Derived terms
Occitan
Noun
rat m (plural rats)
- (Rattus rattus) black rat
Synonyms
- garri
Derived terms
Related terms
- rata
References
Old French
Etymology
Of Germanic origin, from Old High German rato (“rat”) or Frankish *rato (“rat”).
Noun
rat m (oblique plural raz or ratz, nominative singular raz or ratz, nominative plural rat)
- rat (rodent)
Descendants
- French: rat
- Norman: rat
References
Bratchet, A. (1873) , “rat”, in Kitchin, G. W., transl., Etymological dictionary of the French language (Clarendon Press Series), 1st edition, London: Oxford/MacMillan and Co.
Romani
Etymology
From Sanskrit ???? (rakta, “blood”). Cognate with dialectal Hindi ??? (r?t) and Punjabi ??? (ratta).
Noun
rat m (plural rat)
- blood
Romansch
Etymology
From Frankish *rato (“rat”).
Noun
rat m (plural rats)
- (Surmiran) rat
Synonyms
- ratung
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *ort?, from the o-grade of Proto-Indo-European *h?er- (“to rise, to attack”), cognate to Ancient Greek ???? (éris, “quarrel, strife”), Sanskrit ??? (?ti, “assault”) and Proto-Germanic *ernustuz (“struggle, fight”)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /rât/
Noun
r?t m (Cyrillic spelling ????)
- war
Declension
Synonyms
- vojna
Torres Strait Creole
Etymology
From English rat.
Noun
rat
- rat or mouse
Synonyms
- mukeis (eastern dialect)
Volapük
Etymology
Borrowed from English rat.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [?at]
Noun
rat (nominative plural rats)
- rat (rodent of the family Muridae)
Declension
Hypernyms
- nim
- sügaf
- süganim
- tuetaf
- tuetanim
Hyponyms
- ratil
- ratül
Derived terms
See also
- mug
- yat
Westrobothnian
Etymology
Cognate to Icelandic hrat n.
Noun
rat n
- garbage, waste, in forest lying twigs, rotten trees and stumps
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