different between kanaka vs blackbirding

English

Alternative forms

• Kanaka

Etymology

1840. From Hawaiian kanaka (“person”), ultimately from Proto-Polynesian *ta?ata.

Noun

kanaka (plural kanakas)

1. A person of Hawaiian descent.
   • 2010, Mike Farris, Kanaka Blues, Savant Books and Publications, page 21,

     "Who was the call from?"

     "I don't know. Sound like a kanaka though.” When Erin frowned, he added, “A Hawaiian, like me.”

2. (historical) A South Pacific Islander, especially a labourer in Australia or Canada.
   • 1921, W. Somerset Maugham, "Red", The Trembling of a Leaf: Little Stories of the South Sea Islands, 2011, The Floating Press, page 47,

     The Kanaka at the wheel gave him a glance, but did not speak.

   • 1933, Cambridge History of the British Empire, Part I, Volume VII, Cambridge University Press, Reissued 1988, Ernest Scott (editor), Australia, Volume 1, Cambridge University Press, page 313,

     So long as the Kanakas remained, white labour in Queensland went into the mills, from which the Kanakas were excluded, rather than into the cane brakes. Slowly, however, the change proceeded. […] The gentleman planter, owning broad estates worked by Kanaka gangs, crushing and refining his own sugar after a fashion in the plantation mill, was by that time obsolescent. Though the small farmers into whose hands the plantations were divided might employ a Kanaka or two, no Kanaka might own land.

Descendants

• ? French: canaque
  • ? English: Kanak

Translations

See also

• Canaque
• Canuck
• Kanak
• Kanake (German)

Hawaiian

Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *ta?ata

Noun

kanaka (irregular plural k?naka)

1. human being
2. subject, retainer
3. a Hawaiian

Descendants

• ? English: kanaka
  • ? French: canaque
    • ? English: Kanak

Javanese

Alternative forms

• Carakan: ???
• Roman: kanoko (nonstandard)

Noun

kanaka (krama-ngoko kuku, krama inggil kanaka)

1. (anatomy) Krama inggil of kuku.

References

• "kanaka" in Tim Balai Bahasa Yogyakarta, Kamus Basa Jawa (Bausastra Jawa). Kanisius, Yogyakarta

Tok Pisin

Etymology

Probably from German Kanake (see other entries on this page for more).

Noun

kanaka

1. aborigine; native; tribesman

Derived terms

• bus kanaka/buskanaka

See also

• tokples

English

Etymology

From blackbird +? -ing, suggestedly from the putative slang blackbird (“indigenous Pacific islander”).

Pronunciation

Noun

blackbirding (uncountable)

1. (Britain, Australia) The practice of kidnapping Pacific Islanders, or kanakas, for sale as cheap labour.
   • 2004, Lawrence McCane, Marist Brothers, Melanesian stories: Marist Brothers in Solomon Islands and Papua New Guinea 1845–2003, page 120,

     Douglas Oliver, in Black Islanders, tells the story of a blackbirding party which, in 1871, captured a group of eighty-five unsuspecting Bougainvilleans who had taken their twenty-man canoes to the blackbirding ship out of curiosity or a desire to trade.

Related terms

• blackbirder

Verb

blackbirding

1. present participle of blackbird