different between person vs kanaka

English

Etymology

From Middle English persoun, personne et al., from Anglo-Norman parsone, persoun et al. (Old French persone (“human being”), French personne), and its source Latin pers?na (“mask used by actor; role, part, character”), perhaps a loanword from Etruscan ???????????????????? (?ersu, “mask”). Displaced native wight (from Old English wiht (“person, human being”)). Doublet of parson and persona.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /?p??s?n/, [?p???sn?]
• (General American) enPR: pûr?sn, pûr?s?n, IPA^(key): /?p?s?n/, [?p??sn?]
• Rhymes: -??(?)s?n
• Hyphenation: per?son

Noun

person (plural persons or (by suppletion) people)

1. An individual; usually a human being. [from 13th c.]
   • 1784, William Jones, The Description and Use of a New Portable Orrery, &c., PREFACE

     THE favourable reception the Orrery has met with from Per?ons of the fir?t di?tinction, and from Gentlemen and Ladies in general, has induced me to add to it ?everal new improvements in order to give it a degree of Perfection; and di?tingui?h it from others; which by Piracy, or Imitation, may be introduced to the Public.
   1. A character or part, as in a play; a specific kind or manifestation of individual character, whether in real life, or in literary or dramatic representation; an assumed character.

      • his first appearance upon the stage in his new person of a sycophant or juggler

      • 1673, Jeremy Taylor, Heniaytos: A Course of Sermons for All the Sundays of the Year […]

        No man can long put on a person and act a part.

      • 1664, Robert South, Of the Love of Christ to his Disciples

        How different […] is the same man from himself, as he sustains the person of a magistrate, and […] that of a friend!

   2. (Christianity) Any one of the three hypostases of the Holy Trinity: the Father, Son, or Holy Spirit.
      • 1892, Book of Common Prayer, The Litanie

        three persons and one God

   3. (chiefly in science fiction) Any sentient or socially intelligent being.
   4. (in a compound noun or noun phrase) Someone who likes or has an affinity for (a specified thing). [from 20th c.]

2. The physical body of a being seen as distinct from the mind, character, etc. [from 14th c.]
   • 1897, Henry James, What Maisie Knew:

     The Captain, inclining his military person, sat sideways to be closer and kinder […].

   • 1978, Lawrence Durrell, Livia, Faber & Faber 1992 (Avignon Quintet), page 418:

     At first blush it seemed that what was striking about him rested on the fact that his dress was exotic, his person foreign.

   • 2004, The New York Times:

     Meanwhile, the dazed Sullivan, dressed like a bum with no identification on his person, is arrested and put to work on a brutal Southern chain gang.

3. (law) Any individual or formal organization with standing before the courts. [from 14th c.]

4. (law) The human genitalia; specifically, the penis.
   • 1824, Vagrancy Act 1824 (5 Geo. 4. c. 83, United Kingdom), section 4:

     [E]very Person wilfully, openly, lewdly, and obscenely exposing his Person in any Street, Road, or public Highway, or in the View thereof, or in any Place of public Resort, with Intent to insult any Female ... and being subsequently convicted of the Offence for which he or she shall have been so apprehended, shall be deemed a Rogue and Vagabond, within the true Intent and Meaning of this Act ...

   • 1972, Evans v. Ewels, Weekly Law Reports, vol. 1, page 671 at pp. 674–675:

     It seems to me that at any rate today, and indeed by 1824, the word "person" in connection with sexual matters had acquired a meaning of its own; a meaning which made it a synonym for "penis." It may be ... that it was the forerunner of Victorian gentility which prevented people calling a penis a penis. But however that may be I am satisfied in my own mind that it has now acquired an established meaning to the effect already stated. It is I venture to say, well known amongst those who practise in the courts that the word "person" is so used over and over again. It is the familiar synonym of that part of the body, and, as one of the reasons for my decision in this case, I would use that interpretation of what was prevailing in 1824 and what has become established in the 150 years since then.

5. (grammar) A linguistic category used to distinguish between the speaker of an utterance and those to whom or about whom they are speaking. See grammatical person. [from 14th c.]
6. (biology) A shoot or bud of a plant; a polyp or zooid of the compound Hydrozoa, Anthozoa, etc.; also, an individual, in the narrowest sense, among the higher animals.
   • 1884, Patrick Geddes, "Morphology", in Encyclopædia Britannica Volume 16

     True corms, composed of united personae […] usually arise by gemmation, […] yet in sponges and corals occasionally by fusion of several originally distinct persons.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Haeckel to this entry?)

Usage notes

• In senses 1.1, 1.3, and 1.4, the plural is most commonly people, with persons occasionally used in formal speech or writing. Some native speakers will find persons inappropriate, even in formal usage. In senses 1.2, 2, 3, and 5 persons is the only plural.
• Referring to an individual as a “person” (rather than a gentleman, lady, etc.) was formerly perceived as a slight.
• Today, all major style guides recommend people rather than persons. For example, the Associated Press and the New York Times recommend "people" except in quotations and set phrases. Under the traditional distinction, which Garner says is pedantic, persons describes a finite, known number of individuals, rather than the collective term people. "Persons" is correct in technical and legal contexts.

Synonyms

• See also Thesaurus:person

Hyponyms

Derived terms

Translations

Verb

person (third-person singular simple present persons, present participle personing, simple past and past participle personed)

1. (obsolete, transitive) To represent as a person; to personify; to impersonate.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Milton to this entry?)

2. (transitive, gender-neutral) To man.

Anagrams

• Posner, nopers, preons, prones, spreon

Breton

Noun

person m (plural personed)

1. vicar

Inflection

Danish

Etymology

From Latin persona

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -o??n

Noun

person c (singular definite personen, plural indefinite personer)

1. person
2. character
3. figure
4. people

Inflection

References

• “person” in Den Danske Ordbog

Esperanto

Noun

person

1. accusative singular of perso

Finnish

Adjective

person

1. genitive singular of perso

Indonesian

Etymology

From Dutch persoon, from Middle Dutch persone, ultimately from Latin pers?na.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [p?r?s?n]
• Hyphenation: pêr?son

Noun

person (first-person possessive personku, second-person possessive personmu, third-person possessive personnya)

1. person, individual

   Synonyms: perseorangan, pribadi

Related terms

Further reading

• “person” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) Daring, Jakarta: Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, 2016.

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Latin persona.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pær.su?n/, [pæ.??u?n] (Standard Eastern Norwegian)

Noun

person m (definite singular personen, indefinite plural personer, definite plural personene)

1. a person

Derived terms

References

• “person” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Latin persona.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pær.su?n/, [pæ.??u?n]

Noun

person m (definite singular personen, indefinite plural personar, definite plural personane)

1. a person

Derived terms

References

• “person” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Scots

Noun

person (plural people)

1. (law) An individual with rights and responsibilities under the law.
2. (law) An individual or formal organisation with standing before the courts.
3. In fiction, any sentient or socially intelligent being.

Swedish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /p?r?su?n/, [p???u?n]

Noun

person c

1. a human being
2. an individual

Declension

Related terms

References

• person in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)

Anagrams

• porens, porsen, ropens

Welsh

Etymology

Ultimately from Latin pers?na (“mask used by actor; role, part, character”). Probably through English and Old French persone (“human being”)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?p?rs?n/

Noun

person m (plural personau)

1. person

   Synonym: unigolyn

Derived terms

• personol

Noun

person m (plural personiaid)

1. parson
2. clergyman

   Synonym: clerigwr, offeiriad

Mutation

English

Alternative forms

• Kanaka

Etymology

1840. From Hawaiian kanaka (“person”), ultimately from Proto-Polynesian *ta?ata.

Noun

kanaka (plural kanakas)

1. A person of Hawaiian descent.
   • 2010, Mike Farris, Kanaka Blues, Savant Books and Publications, page 21,

     "Who was the call from?"

     "I don't know. Sound like a kanaka though.” When Erin frowned, he added, “A Hawaiian, like me.”

2. (historical) A South Pacific Islander, especially a labourer in Australia or Canada.
   • 1921, W. Somerset Maugham, "Red", The Trembling of a Leaf: Little Stories of the South Sea Islands, 2011, The Floating Press, page 47,

     The Kanaka at the wheel gave him a glance, but did not speak.

   • 1933, Cambridge History of the British Empire, Part I, Volume VII, Cambridge University Press, Reissued 1988, Ernest Scott (editor), Australia, Volume 1, Cambridge University Press, page 313,

     So long as the Kanakas remained, white labour in Queensland went into the mills, from which the Kanakas were excluded, rather than into the cane brakes. Slowly, however, the change proceeded. […] The gentleman planter, owning broad estates worked by Kanaka gangs, crushing and refining his own sugar after a fashion in the plantation mill, was by that time obsolescent. Though the small farmers into whose hands the plantations were divided might employ a Kanaka or two, no Kanaka might own land.

Descendants

• ? French: canaque
  • ? English: Kanak

Translations

See also

• Canaque
• Canuck
• Kanak
• Kanake (German)

Hawaiian

Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *ta?ata

Noun

kanaka (irregular plural k?naka)

1. human being
2. subject, retainer
3. a Hawaiian

Descendants

• ? English: kanaka
  • ? French: canaque
    • ? English: Kanak

Javanese

Alternative forms

• Carakan: ???
• Roman: kanoko (nonstandard)

Noun

kanaka (krama-ngoko kuku, krama inggil kanaka)

1. (anatomy) Krama inggil of kuku.

References

• "kanaka" in Tim Balai Bahasa Yogyakarta, Kamus Basa Jawa (Bausastra Jawa). Kanisius, Yogyakarta

Tok Pisin

Etymology

Probably from German Kanake (see other entries on this page for more).

Noun

kanaka

1. aborigine; native; tribesman

Derived terms

• bus kanaka/buskanaka

See also

• tokples