different between irregular vs extra

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Old French irreguler, from Medieval Latin or Late Latin irr?gul?ris, from in- + regularis, equivalent to ir- +? regular.

Pronunciation

• (General American) IPA^(key): /?????j?l?/

Adjective

irregular (comparative more irregular, superlative most irregular)

1. nonstandard; not conforming to rules or expectations
2. (of a surface) rough
3. without symmetry, regularity, or uniformity
4. (geometry, of a polygon) not regular; having sides that are not equal or angles that are not equal
5. (geometry, of a polyhedron) whose faces are not all regular polygons (or are not equally inclined to each other)
6. (grammar, of a word) not following the regular or expected patterns of inflection in a given language

Synonyms

• (nonstandard): abnormal, singular; see also Thesaurus:strange
• (rough): coarse, salebrous; see also Thesaurus:rough
• (without uniformity): unstable, unsteady; see also Thesaurus:unsteady
• (not following the regular patterns of inflection): heteroclite

Antonyms

• regular

Derived terms

Translations

Noun

irregular (plural irregulars)

1. A soldier who is not a member of an official military force and who may not use regular army tactics.
2. One who does not regularly attend a venue.

Translations

Catalan

Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin irr?gul?ris.

Pronunciation

• (Balearic, Central) IPA^(key): /i.r?.?u?la/
• (Valencian) IPA^(key): /i.re.?u?la?/

Adjective

irregular (masculine and feminine plural irregulars)

1. irregular

   Antonym: regular

Derived terms

• irregularment

Related terms

• irregularitat

Further reading

• “irregular” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “irregular” in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana.
• “irregular” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “irregular” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Galician

Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin irr?gul?ris.

Adjective

irregular m or f (plural irregulares)

1. irregular

   Antonym: regular

Related terms

• irregularidade

Further reading

• “irregular” in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega, Royal Galician Academy.

Portuguese

Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin irr?gul?ris.

Adjective

irregular m or f (plural irregulares, comparable)

1. irregular; nonstandard
2. (grammar) irregular (not following an inflectional paradigm)

Antonyms

• regular

Derived terms

• irregularmente

Related terms

• irregularidade

Further reading

• “irregular” in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa.

Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin irr?gul?ris.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ire?u?la?/, [i.re.??u?la?]

Adjective

irregular (plural irregulares)

1. irregular, uneven, erratic, haphazard
2. patchy, spotty, jagged, ragged
3. fitful
4. (grammar) (of a verb etc.) irregular

   Antonym: regular

Derived terms

• verbo irregular

Related terms

• irregularidad
• regular

Further reading

• “irregular” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.

English

Etymology

Abbreviation of extraordinary.

Pronunciation

• (UK, US) IPA^(key): /??kst??/
• Hyphenation: ex?tra

Adjective

extra (not comparable)

1. Beyond what is due, usual, expected, or necessary; extraneous; additional; supernumerary.

2. (dated) Extraordinarily good; superior.
3. (slang) Over the top; going beyond what is normal or appropriate, often in a dramatic manner.
   • 2017, Yael Livnch, "Whole Foods", in "Get The Inside Soup: Staffers Review Local Soup Stops", 3 February 2017, page 23:

     I highly recommend getting some more bread on the side—they offer small loaves and soup crackers for free, but I'm so extra, I bought my own loaf.

   • 2017, Claire Craig, "#Instabeauty", Northern Woman, November 2017, page 48:

     Shattered glass, pierced, bejewelled, chromed and glittered - nails are going totally extra on Insta at the minute and we approve.

   • 2019, Michelle Spottswood, quoted in Kirby Myers, "Does Christmas in your house start before or after Thanksgiving", Key West Weekly, 21 November 2019, page 7:

     Two months of Christmas trees, Christmas movies and Christmas music brings so much fun to our home, we are so extra with it!

   • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:extra.

Derived terms

• extraness

Translations

Adverb

extra (not comparable)

1. (informal) To an extraordinary degree.

Translations

Noun

extra (plural extras)

1. Something additional, such as an item above and beyond the ordinary school curriculum, or added to the usual charge on a bill.

   Synonyms: addition, supplement

2. An extra edition of a newspaper, which is printed outside of the normal printing cycle.

3. (cricket) A run scored without the ball having hit the striker's bat - a wide, bye, leg bye or no ball.

   Synonym: sundry

4. (acting) A supernumerary or walk-on in a film or play.
5. Something of an extra quality or grade. (Can we add an example for this sense?)

Synonyms

• (something additional): See also Thesaurus:adjunct

Derived terms

• wuxtry

Translations

Derived terms

• extra credit

Anagrams

• Artex, retax, taxer

Dutch

Pronunciation

Adjective

extra (not comparable)

1. extra
2. (Limburg) on purpose

Inflection

Descendants

• ? Indonesian: ekstra

See also

• expres

French

Adjective

extra (plural extras)

1. extra, additional
2. great, super, famous

Noun

extra m or f (plural extras)

1. extra, supplement

German

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??ks.t?a/

Adjective

extra (not comparable)

1. (colloquial) Alternative form of extra- (“extra, special, additional”)

Usage notes

• In formal standard German, extra- is a prefix attached to the following noun. In colloquial German, however, it is often treated like a real adjective. The substantival (or partitive) form used with indefinite pronouns may also take -s: was Extras (“something additional, something on top”).

Adverb

extra

1. specifically (for a given purpose)

   Synonym: eigens

2. (colloquial) on purpose

   Synonyms: absichtlich, mit Absicht

3. (colloquial) aside, apart, separately

   Synonyms: einzeln, getrennt, separat

4. (colloquial) particularly, very

   Synonyms: besonders, sehr

Usage notes

• In the sense of “specifically”, extra has entered the standard language and is now frequently seen in writing. The other senses remain colloquial.

Hungarian

Etymology

From German extra, from Latin extra.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [??kstr?]
• Hyphenation: ext?ra
• Rhymes: -r?

Adjective

extra (comparative extrább, superlative legextrább)

1. extra (beyond what is due, usual, expected, or necessary; extraneous; additional)

Declension

Noun

extra (plural extrák)

1. luxury features (e.g. in vehicles)

Declension

References

Ido

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ekstra/, /e?ztra/

Adjective

extra

1. extra

Italian

Adjective

extra (invariable)

1. extra
2. select (best quality)

Noun

extra m (invariable)

1. extra (something additional)

Latin

Etymology

Adverb contracted from the ablative exter? (parte), of exter.

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /?ek.stra?/, [??ks?(t?)?ä?]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /?ek.stra/, [??kst???]

Preposition

extr? (+ accusative)

1. outside of
2. beyond

Derived terms

Descendants

References

• extra in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• extra in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• extra in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
• Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book?^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
• extra in Ramminger, Johann (accessed 16 July 2016) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700?^[2], pre-publication website, 2005-2016

Portuguese

Pronunciation

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /?es.t??/

Adjective

extra m or f (plural extras, comparable)

1. extra (beyond what is due, usual, expected or necessary)

   Synonym: adicional

Noun

extra m (plural extras)

1. anything that is extra
2. bonus (extra amount of money given as a premium)

   Synonym: bónus

Noun

extra m, f (plural extras)

1. (film) extra; walk-on (actor in a small role with no dialogue)

   Synonym: figurante

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?e?st?a/, [?e??s.t??a]

Adjective

extra (plural extras)

1. additional, extra
2. superior
3. extraordinary

   Synonym: extraordinario

Derived terms

• horas extras

Swedish

Pronunciation

Adjective

extra

1. extra

Related terms

Adverb

extra

1. extra