different between heart vs courage

English

Alternative forms

• hart, harte, hearte (all obsolete)

Etymology

From Middle English herte, from Old English heorte (“heart”), from Proto-West Germanic *hert?, from Proto-Germanic *hertô (“heart”), from Proto-Indo-European *??r (“heart”). Doublet of cardia.

Most of the modern figurative senses (such as passion or compassion, spirit, inmost feelings, especially love, affection, and courage) were present in Old English. However, the meaning “center” dates from the early 14th century.

The verb sense “to love” is from the 1977 I ? NY advertising campaign.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /h??t/
• (General American) enPR: härt, IPA^(key): /h??t/
• Rhymes: -??(?)t
• Homophone: hart

Noun

heart (countable and uncountable, plural hearts)

1. (anatomy) A muscular organ that pumps blood through the body, traditionally thought to be the seat of emotion.
2. (uncountable) Emotions, kindness, moral effort, or spirit in general.
   • 2008, "Rights trampled in rush to deport immigrant workers," Quaker Action (magazine), vol. 89, no. 3, page 8:

     "We provided a lot of brains and a lot of heart to the response when it was needed," says Sandra Sanchez, director of AFSC's Immigrants' Voice Program in Des Moines.

   • Here is my secret. It is very simple: It is only with the heart that one can see rightly; what is essential is invisible to the eye. (Antoine de Saint Exupéry, The Little Prince, 1943)
3. The seat of the affections or sensibilities, collectively or separately, as love, hate, joy, grief, courage, etc.; rarely, the seat of the understanding or will; usually in a good sense; personality.

4. Courage; courageous purpose; spirit.

   Synonyms: bravery, nerve; see also Thesaurus:courage

   • c. 1679, William Temple, Essay

     The expelled nations take heart, and when they fled from one country, invaded another.

5. Vigorous and efficient activity; power of fertile production; condition of the soil, whether good or bad.
6. (archaic) A term of affectionate or kindly and familiar address.

   Synonyms: honey, sugar; see also Thesaurus:sweetheart

   • c. 1596-99, William Shakespeare, Henry IV, Part 2, Act V scene v^[4]:

     My King, my Jove, I speak to thee, my heart!

   • c. 1610-11, William Shakespeare, The Tempest, Act I scene ii^[5]:

     Awake, dear heart, awake. Thou hast slept well.
     Awake.

   • 1991, Stephen Fry, The Liar, pp. 9–10:

     Certain unscrupulous men may call upon you here in your dressing-room. They will lavish you with flowers, with compliments, with phials of Hungary water and methuselahs of the costliest champagne. You must be wary of such men, my hearts, they are not to be trusted.

7. Personality, disposition.

8. (figuratively) A wight or being.
   • c. 1596-97, William Shakespeare, The Merchant of Venice, Act II scene i^[6]:

     […] I would outstare the sternest eyes that look, / Outbrave the heart most daring on earth, / Pluck the young sucking cubs from the she-bear, / Yea, mock the lion when he roars for prey, […]

9. A conventional shape or symbol used to represent the heart, love, or emotion: ? or sometimes <3.
10. A playing card of the suit hearts featuring one or more heart-shaped symbols.
11. (cartomancy) The twenty-fourth Lenormand card.
12. (figuratively) The centre, essence, or core.

    Synonyms: crux, gist; see also Thesaurus:gist

Derived terms

Descendants

Translations

See heart/translations § Noun.

Verb

heart (third-person singular simple present hearts, present participle hearting, simple past and past participle hearted)

1. (transitive, humorous, informal) To be fond of. Often bracketed or abbreviated with a heart symbol. [from late 20th c.]

   Synonyms: love, less than three

   • 2001 April 6, Michael Baldwin, "The Heart Has Its Reasons", Commonweal

     We're but the sum of all our terrors until we heart the dove.

   • 2006, Susan Reinhardt, Bulldog doesn't have to rely on the kindness of strangers to draw attention, Citizen-Times.com

     I guess at this point we were supposed to feel elated she'd come to her senses and decided she hearts dogs after all.

   • 2008 January 30, "Cheese in our time: Blur and Oasis to end feud with a Stilton", The Guardian (London)

     The further we delve into this "story", the more convinced we become of one thing: We heart the Goss.

   • 2008 July 25, "The Media Hearts Obama?", On The Media, National Public Radio
2. (transitive, obsolete) To give heart to; to hearten; to encourage.
3. (transitive, masonry) To fill an interior with rubble, as a wall or a breakwater.
4. (intransitive, agriculture, botany) To form a dense cluster of leaves, a heart, especially of lettuce or cabbage.

References

Further reading

• heart on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Anagrams

• Earth, Erath, Harte, Herat, Herta, Taher, Terah, Thera, earth, hater, rathe, rehat, th'are, thare

English

Etymology

From Middle English corage, from Old French corage (French courage), from Vulgar Latin *cor?ticum, from Latin cor (“heart”). Distantly related to cardiac (“of the heart”), which is from Greek, but from the same Proto-Indo-European root. Displaced Middle English elne, ellen, from Old English ellen (“courage, valor”).

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /?k???d?/
• (US) IPA^(key): /?k???d?/, /?k???d?/
  • (accents without the "Hurry-furry" merger)
  • (accents with the "Hurry-furry" merger)

Noun

courage (usually uncountable, plural courages)

1. The quality of being confident, not afraid or easily intimidated, but without being incautious or inconsiderate.

2. The ability to overcome one's fear, do or live things which one finds frightening.
   • (Can we date this quote?), Aristotle, Rhetoric, 1.9.8

     ...courage is the thing by which they are able to take useful actions while amidst hazards...
3. The ability to maintain one's will or intent despite either the experience of fear, frailty, or frustration; or the occurrence of adversity, difficulty, defeat or reversal.
   • 1841, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Self-Reliance

     Whatever you do, you need courage. Whatever course you decide upon, there is always someone to tell you that you are wrong. There are always difficulties arising that tempt you to believe your critics are right. To map out a course of action and follow it to an end requires some of the same courage that a soldier needs. Peace has its victories, but it takes brave men and women to win them.

   • 1942, C.S. Lewis, The Screwtape Letters

     “Courage is not simply one of the virtues but the form of every virtue at the testing point, which means at the point of highest reality.”

   • 2008, Maya Angelou, address for the 2008 Cornell University commencement

     Courage is the most important of all the virtues because without courage, you can't practice any other virtue consistently.

Synonyms

• See also Thesaurus:courage

Derived terms

Related terms

• cardiac

Translations

Verb

courage (third-person singular simple present courages, present participle couraging, simple past and past participle couraged)

1. (obsolete) To encourage. [15^th-17^thc.]
   • 1530, William Tyndale, "An Answer unto Sir Thomas More's Dialogue":

     Paul writeth unto Timothy, to instruct him, to teach him, to exhort, to courage him, to stir him up,

See also

• fearlessness
• bield

French

Etymology

cœur +? -age or Middle French corage, from Old French corage, from Vulgar Latin *coraticum, from Latin cor.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ku.?a?/

Noun

courage m (plural courages)

1. courage

   Synonym: bravoure

Derived terms

• bon courage
• courageux
  • courageusement
• décourager
  • décourageant
  • découragement
• encourager
  • encourageant
  • encouragement
• prendre son courage à deux mains

Descendants

• ? Bulgarian: ????? (kuraž)
• ? Macedonian: ????? (kuraž)
• ? Romanian: curaj
• ? Russian: ????? (kuraž)

Interjection

courage !

1. chin up! keep going! take heart!

Usage notes

"bon courage !" has a slightly different meaning: "good luck!".

Further reading

• “courage” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).