different between had vs and

English

Etymology

From Middle English hadde (preterite), yhad (past participle), from Old English hæfde (first and third person singular preterite), ?ehæfd (past participle), from Proto-Germanic *habd-, past and past participle stem of *habjan? (“to have”), equivalent to have +? -ed. Cognate with Dutch had, German hatte, Swedish hade, Icelandic hafði.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /hæd/
• (had to): IPA^(key): /hæt/, IPA^(key): /hæd/
• Rhymes: -æd

Verb

had

1. simple past tense and past participle of have.
2. (auxiliary) Used to form the pluperfect tense, expressing a completed action in the past (with a past participle).
   • 2011 April 15, Ben Cooper, The Guardian, London:

     Cooper seems an odd choice, but imagine if they had taken MTV's advice and chosen Robert Pattinson?

3. (auxiliary, now rare) As past subjunctive: would have.
   • 1499, John Skelton, The Bowge of Courte:

     To holde myne honde, by God, I had grete payne; / For forthwyth there I had him slayne, / But that I drede mordre wolde come oute […].

   • 1849, Alfred, Lord Tennyson, In Memoriam, 24:

     If all was good and fair we met, / This earth had been the Paradise / It never look’d to human eyes / Since our first Sun arose and set.

Derived terms

• had better
• had best

Adjective

had

1. (informal) Duped.

   We've been had.

2. (obsolete) Available.

Usage notes

Had, like that, is one of a very few words to be correctly used twice in succession in English, e.g. “He had had several operations previously.”

Related terms

• be had

Anagrams

• ADH, AHD, DHA, HDA, dah

Afrikaans

Verb

had

1. preterite of hê; had

Breton

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *satos, from *sh?-tó-, past participle of Proto-Indo-European *seh?- (“to sow”). Cognate with English seed.

Noun

had m (plural hadoù)

1. (botany) seed

Central Cagayan Agta

Pronoun

had

1. (interrogative) where

Czech

Etymology

From Old Czech had, from Proto-Slavic *gad?.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [??at]
• Hyphenation: had
• Rhymes: -at

Noun

had m anim

1. snake

Declension

Derived terms

• hád?
• hadí
• hadice

Related terms

• hadice f

Further reading

• had in P?íru?ní slovník jazyka ?eského, 1935–1957
• had in Slovník spisovného jazyka ?eského, 1960–1971, 1989

Danish

Etymology

From Old Norse hatr, from Proto-Germanic *hataz, from Proto-Indo-European *keh?d- (“hate”).

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -ad

Noun

had n (singular definite hadet, not used in plural form)

1. hate, hatred

Related terms

Verb

had

1. imperative of hade

Dutch

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -?t
• IPA^(key): /??t/

Verb

had

1. singular past indicative of hebben

Hungarian

Etymology

From Old Hungarian hodu, from Proto-Ugric *kont?, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *kunta. Cognate with Finnish kunta.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?h?d]
• Rhymes: -?d

Noun

had (plural hadak)

1. (military) army

Declension

Derived terms

• hadászat
• hadi

References

Further reading

• had in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh: A magyar nyelv értelmez? szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: ?ISBN

Jersey Dutch

Verb

had

1. had
   • 1912, Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsche taal— en letterkunde, volumes 31-32, page 309:

     En kääd'l had twî jongers; […]

     A man had two sons. […]

Matal

Verb

had

1. to walk, go

References

Middle English

Noun

had

1. Alternative form of hod

Old Czech

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *gad?.

Noun

had m

1. snake

Declension

Descendants

• Czech: had

Further reading

• “had”, in Vokabulá? webový: webové hnízdo pramen? k poznání historické ?eštiny [online]?^[1], Praha: Ústav pro jazyk ?eský AV ?R, 2006–2020

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *haiduz (“state, condition, rank, person”). Akin to Old Norse heiðr (“dignity, honor”), Gothic ???????????????????????? (haidus, “manner”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /x??d/, [h??d]

Noun

h?d m (nominative plural h?das)

1. person, individual
2. a character
   • c. 1011, Byrhtferth, Manual

3. individuality
4. rank, status
   • 9th century, the Blickling Homilies, "The Third Sunday in Lent"

5. a person of the Trinity
   • 10th century, Ælfric, "Of the Catholic Faith"

6. honor, dignity
7. office (esp religious)
8. state, condition; nature, manner
9. gender
   • 10th century, Ælfric, "On the Nativity of the Holy Virgins"

10. (grammar) grammatical person
    • c. 995, Ælfric, Excerptiones de Arte Grammatica Anglice

11. race; kindred, family; tribe, group
12. choir

Declension

Related terms

• -h?d

Descendants

• Middle English: hod, hode, had, hade, hede
  • English: hade, hede (obsolete)
  • Scots: hade (obsolete)

Slovak

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *gad?.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??at/

Noun

had m (genitive singular hada, nominative plural hady, genitive plural hadov, declension pattern of dub)

1. snake, serpent

Declension

Derived terms

• hadí
• hadica f

Further reading

• had in Slovak dictionaries at korpus.sk

Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic ????? (?add).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /had/, [h??d?]

Noun

had (definite accusative haddi, plural hadler)

1. limit
2. boundary

Declension

Upper Sorbian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *gad?.

Noun

had m

1. snake, serpent

Welsh

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *sato-, from Proto-Indo-European *sh?-tó-, past participle of *seh?- (“to sow”). Cognate with English seed.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ha?d/

Noun

had m pl or m sg (singulative hedyn, plural hadau)

1. seed, seeds (collectively)
2. semen, sperm

Related terms

• hadu (“to sow”)

English

Pronunciation

• (stressed) enPR: ?nd, ?nd IPA^(key): /ænd/, /?nd/
• Rhymes: -ænd, -?nd
• (unstressed) enPR: ?n(d) IPA^(key): /?nd/, /?n/, /?n/, /?nd/, /n?d/, /n?/
• (unstressed or, for some speakers, stressed) Homophone: end

Etymology 1

From Middle English and, an, from Old English and, ond, end, from Proto-Germanic *andi, *anþi, from Proto-Indo-European *h?énti (“facing opposite, near, in front of, before”). Cognate with Scots an (“and”), North Frisian en (“and”), West Frisian en, in (“and”), Low German un (“and”), Dutch en (“and”), German und (“and”), Danish end (“but”), Swedish än (“yet, but”), Icelandic enn (“still, yet”), Albanian edhe (“and”) (dialectal ênde, ênne), ende (“still, yet, therefore”), Latin ante (“opposite, in front of”), and Ancient Greek ???? (antí, “opposite, facing”).

Alternative forms

• an'
• 'n' (n)

Conjunction

and

1. As a coordinating conjunction; expressing two elements to be taken together or in addition to each other.
   1. Used simply to connect two noun phrases, adjectives or adverbs. [from 8^th c.]
      • c. 1430 (reprinted 1888), Thomas Austin, ed., Two Fifteenth-century Cookery-books. Harleian ms. 279 (ab. 1430), & Harl. ms. 4016 (ab. 1450), with Extracts from Ashmole ms. 1429, Laud ms. 553, & Douce ms. 55 [Early English Text Society, Original Series; 91], London: N. Trübner & Co. for the Early English Text Society, volume I, OCLC 374760, page 11:

        Soupes dorye. — Take gode almaunde mylke […] caste þher-to Safroun an Salt […]

      • 1596-97, William Shakespeare, The Merchant of Venice, Act V Scene 1

        Sweet lady, you have given me life and living; […]

      • In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth.

      • 1817, Jane Austen, Persuasion:

        as for Mrs. Smith, she had claims of various kinds to recommend her quickly and permanently.

      • 2011, Mark Townsend, The Guardian, 5 November:

        ‘The UKBA has some serious explaining to do if it is routinely carrying out such abusive and unlawful inspections.’

   2. Simply connecting two clauses or sentences. [from 8^th c.]
      • 1991, Jung Chang, Wild Swans:

        When she saw several boys carrying a huge wooden case full of porcelain, she mumbled to Jinming that she was going to have a look, and left the room.

      • 2011, Helena Smith & Tom Kington, The Guardian, 5 November:

        "Consensus is essential for the country," he said, adding that he was not "tied" to his post and was willing to step aside.

   3. Introducing a clause or sentence which follows on in time or consequence from the first. [from 9^th c.]
      • 1996, David Beasley, Chocolate for the Poor:

        ‘But if you think you can get it, Christian, you're a fool. Set one foot upcountry and I'll kill you.’

      • 2004, Will Buckley, The Observer:, 22 August:

        One more error and all the good work she had done on Friday would be for nought.

   4. (obsolete) Yet; but. [10^th-17^th c.]
      • 1611, Authorised (King James) Version, Bible, Matthew XXII:

        Hee said, I goe sir, and went not.

   5. Used to connect certain numbers: connecting units when they precede tens (not dated); connecting tens and units to hundreds, thousands etc. (now often omitted in US); to connect fractions to wholes. [from 10^th c.]
      • 1956, Dodie Smith, (title):

        The One Hundred and One Dalmatians.

   6. (now colloquial or literary) Used to connect more than two elements together in a chain, sometimes to stress the number of elements.
      • 1623, William Shakespeare, Julius Caesar, First Folio, II.2:

        And these does she apply, for warnings and portents, / And euils imminent; and on her knee / Hath begg'd, that I will stay at home to day.

      • 1939, Langley, Ryerson & Woolf, The Wizard of Oz (screenplay):

        Lions, and tigers, and bears! Oh, my!

   7. Connecting two identical elements, with implications of continued or infinite repetition. [from 10^th c.]
      • 1611, Authorised (King James) Version, Bible, Psalms CXLV:

        I will extol thee, my God, O king; and I will bless thy name for ever and ever.

      • 2011, Jonathan Watts, The Guardian, 18 March:

        He was at work in a nearby city when the tsunami struck. ‘As soon as I saw it, I called home. It rang and rang, but there was no answer.’

   8. Introducing a parenthetical or explanatory clause. [from 10^th c.]
      • 1918, George W. E. Russell, Prime Ministers and Some Others:

        The word "capable" occurs in Mr. Fisher's Bill, and rightly, because our mental and physical capacities are infinitely varied.

      • 2008, The Guardian, 29 Jan 2008:

        President Pervez Musharraf is undoubtedly sincere in his belief that he, and he alone, can save Pakistan from the twin perils of terrorism and anarchy.

   9. Introducing the continuation of narration from a previous understood point; also used alone as a question: ‘and so what?’.
      • 1611, Authorised (King James) Version, Bible, Revelation XIV:

        And I heard a voice from heaven, as the voice of many waters, and as the voice of a great thunder: and I heard the voice of harpers harping with their harps […].

      • 1861, Charles Dickens, Great Expectations:

        ‘You take it smoothly now,’ said I, ‘but you were very serious last night, when you swore it was Death.’ ‘And so I swear it is Death,’ said he, putting his pipe back in his mouth […].

      • 1914, Saki, ‘The Lull’, Beasts and Superbeasts:

        ‘And, Vera,’ added Mrs. Durmot, turning to her sixteen-year-old niece, ‘be careful what colour ribbon you wear in your hair […].’

   10. (now regional or somewhat colloquial) Used to connect two verbs where the second is dependent on the first: ‘to’. Used especially after come, go and try. [from 14^th c.]
       • 1817, Jane Austen, Sanditon:

         Beyond paying her a few charming compliments and amusing her with gay conversation, had he done anything at all to try and gain her affection?

       • 1989, James Kelman, A Disaffection:

         Remember and help yourself to the soup! called Gavin.

   11. Introducing a qualitative difference between things having the same name; "as well as other". [from 16^th c.]
       • 1936, The Labour Monthly, vol. XVIII:

         Undoubtedly every party makes mistakes. But there are mistakes and mistakes.

       • 1972, Esquire, vol. LXXVIII:

         "There are managers and there are managers," he tells me. "I'm totally involved in every aspect of Nina's career."

   12. Used to combine numbers in addition; plus (with singular or plural verb). [from 17^th c.]
       • 1791, James Boswell, Life of Samuel Johnson:

         ‘Nobody attempts to dispute that two and two make four: but with contests concerning moral truth, human passions are generally mixed […].’

       • 1871, Lewis Carroll, Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There:

         ‘Can you do Addition?’ the White Queen asked. ‘What's one and one and one and one and one and one and one and one and one and one?’

2. (heading) Expressing a condition.
   1. (now US dialect) If; provided that. [from 13^th c.]
      • 1485, Sir Thomas Malory, Le Morte Darthur, Book VII:

        "Where ys Sir Launcelot?" seyde King Arthure. "And he were here, he wolde nat grucche to do batayle for you."

      • 1526, William Tyndale, trans. Bible, Matthew XIV:

        Peter answered, and sayde: master, and thou be he, bidde me come unto the on the water.

      • 1958, Shirley Ann Grau, The Hard Blue Sky:

        "And he went slower," Mike said softly, "he go better."

   2. (obsolete) As if, as though. [15^th-17^th c.]
      • 1600, William Shakespeare, A Midsummer Night's Dream, I.2:

        I will roare you, and 'twere any Nightingale.

      • 1625, Francis Bacon, Of Innovations

        As they will set an house on fire, and it were but to roast their eggs.

3. (mathematics, logic) connecting two well formed formulas to create a well formed formula that requires the new formula to only be true when each of the two are true.

Related terms

• equal to
• false
• if
• iff
• implies
• nand
• nor
• not
• or
• true
• xor

See also

• formal logic

Quotations

• For quotations using this term, see Citations:and.

Usage notes

Synonyms

• (used to connect two similar words or phrases): as well as, together with, in addition to
• (informal): &, 'n', +
• (obsolete except in fixed phrases): et
• (in artist collaborations): x

Translations

See and/translations § Conjunction.

Noun

and (plural ands)

1. (music, often informal) In rhythm, the second half of a divided beat.

Etymology 2

From Middle English ande, from Old English anda (“grudge, enmity, malice, envy, hatred, anger, zeal, annoyance, vexation; zeal; injury, mischief; fear, horror”) and Old Norse andi (“breath, wind, spirit”); both from Proto-Germanic *anadô (“breath, anger, zeal”), from Proto-Indo-European *h?enh?- (“to breathe, blow”). Cognate with German Ahnd, And (“woe, grief”), Danish ånde (“breath”), Swedish anda, ande (“spirit, breath, wind, ingenuity, intellect”), Icelandic andi (“spirit”), Albanian ëndë (“pleasure, delight”), Latin animus (“spirit, soul”). Related to onde.

Alternative forms

• aynd, eind, eynd, yane, end

Noun

and (plural ands)

1. (Britain dialectal) Breath.
2. (Britain dialectal) Sea smoke; steam fog.

Etymology 3

From Middle English anden, from Old English andian (“to be envious or jealous, envy”) and Old Norse anda (“to breathe”); both from Proto-Germanic *anad?n? (“to breathe, sputter”). Cognate with German ahnden (“to avenge, punish”), Danish ånde (“to breathe”), Swedish andas (“to breathe”), Icelandic anda (“to breathe”). See above.

Alternative forms

• eind, eynd, ein

Verb

and (third-person singular simple present ands, present participle anding, simple past and past participle anded)

1. (Britain dialectal, intransitive) To breathe; whisper; devise; imagine.

Anagrams

• -dan, ADN, DAN, DNA, Dan, Dan., NAD, NDA, dan, dna, nad

Azerbaijani

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *?nt (“oath”). Cognate with Old Turkic ????? (nt), Turkish ant.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?nd]

Noun

and (definite accusative and?, plural andlar)

1. oath

Declension

Derived terms

• and içm?k (“to take an oath”)

References

Danish

Etymology

From Old Norse ?nd, from Proto-Germanic *anadz, cognate with German Ente, Dutch eend. The Germanic noun derives from Proto-Indo-European *h?énh?ts (“duck”), which is also the source of Latin anas, Ancient Greek ????? (nêtta), Lithuanian ántis, Sanskrit ??? (?tí).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?an?]
• Rhymes: -and

Noun

and c (singular definite anden, plural indefinite ænder)

1. duck
2. canard (false or misleading report or story)

Declension

Further reading

• “and” in Den Danske Ordbog

Estonian

Etymology

From the root of andma. Cognate with Finnish anti.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?n??t/

Noun

and (genitive anni, partitive andi)

1. offering, gift
2. alms, donation
3. giftedness, talent
4. act of giving

Declension

Gothic

Romanization

and

1. Romanization of ????????????

Livonian

Alternative forms

• (Courland) andõ

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *antadak, from Proto-Uralic *ëmta-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?nd/

Verb

and

1. (Salaca) to give

Middle English

Alternative forms

• ant, an, en
• ?, &

Etymology

From Old English and, ond, end, from Proto-Germanic *andi, from Proto-Indo-European *h?énti.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /and/
• (unstressed) IPA^(key): /an/, /?n/

Conjunction

and

1. and, and then (connects two elements of a sentence)

2. however, yet, but, though. while
3. if, supposing that, whether.
4. (rare) As though, like, in a manner suggesting.

Descendants

• English: and
• Scots: an

References

• “and, conj. (& adv.).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2019-01-14.

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Old Norse ?nd, from Proto-Germanic *anadz, from Proto-Indo-European *h?enh?-ti- (“duck”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?n?/, /?nd/

Noun

and f or m (definite singular anda or anden, indefinite plural ender, definite plural endene)

1. a duck
2. canard (false or misleading report or story)

Derived terms

• Andeby (“Duckburg”)
• andunge

References

• “and” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?n?/, /?nd/

Etymology 1

From Old Norse ?nd, from Proto-Germanic *anadz, from Proto-Indo-European *h?enh?-ti- (“duck”). Akin to English ennet.

Noun

and f (definite singular anda, indefinite plural ender, definite plural endene)

1. a duck (waterbird)

Derived terms

• Andeby (“Duckburg”)
• andunge

Etymology 2

Verb

and

1. imperative of anda

References

• “and” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old English

Alternative forms

• ond, end

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *anda, *andi, probably from Proto-Indo-European *h?énti (“facing opposite, near, in front of, before”). Compare Old Frisian and, Old Saxon endi, Old High German unti, Old Norse enn.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?nd/

Conjunction

and

1. and

Synonyms

• ? (symbol)

Descendants

• Middle English: and, ant, an, en
  • English: and
  • Scots: an

Adverb

and

1. even; also

Old Frisian

Alternative forms

• ande, ende

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *andi, from Proto-Indo-European *h?énti (“facing opposite, near, in front of, before”). Compare Old English and, Old Saxon endi, Old High German unti, Old Norse enn.

Conjunction

and

1. and

Descendants

• North Frisian: en
• Saterland Frisian: un
• West Frisian: en, in

Old Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /an?d/

Pronoun

and

1. third-person singular masculine/neuter dative of hi: in him, in it
   • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 31^b23

Adverb

and

1. there
   • c. 850-875, Turin Glosses and Scholia on St. Mark, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 484–94, Tur. 110c

Descendants

• Irish: ann
• Manx: ayn
• Scottish Gaelic: ann

Scots

Conjunction

and

1. Alternative form of an

Usage notes

• While and is relatively often written due to English influence, it is seldom pronounced as such, making way for an.

References

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse ?nd, from Proto-Germanic *anadz, from Proto-Indo-European *h?énh?t- (“duck”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /and/

Noun

and c

1. a wild duck

Declension

Related terms

See also

• anka (domesticated duck)

References

• and in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)

Anagrams

• -nad, Dan, dan

Zealandic

Etymology

From Middle Dutch hant, from Old Dutch hant, from Proto-Germanic *handuz.

Noun

and f (plural [please provide])

1. hand

Alternative forms

• 'and