different between guru vs god

English

Alternative forms

• goru [17th-19th c.]
• gooroo [19th c.]
• guroo (archaic)

Etymology

From Hindi ???? (guru) / Urdu ???? (guru) / Punjabi ???? (gur?), from Sanskrit ???? (guru, “venerable, respectable”), originally "heavy" and in this sense cognate to English grieve. (A traditional etymology based on the Advayataraka Upanishad (line 16) describes the syllables gu as 'darkness' and ru as 'destroyer', thus meaning "one who destroys/dispels darkness"). Doublet of grave, grief, and brute.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /????u?/, /??u??u?/, /????u?/
• (US) IPA^(key): /????(?)u/, /??u(?)?u/, /????u/

Noun

guru (plural gurus)

1. A Hindu or Sikh spiritual teacher. [from 17th c.]
   • 1817, William Ward, History, Literature and Religion of the Hindoos, vol II:

     When the gooroo arrives at the house of a disciple, the whole family prostrate themselves at his feet, and the spiritual guide puts his right foot on the heads of the prostrate family.

   • 2010, Wendy Shanker, The Guardian, 10 May 2010:

     Traditionally, a guru is a spiritual teacher who guides a student on the road to Enlightenment, or finding God.

2. (sometimes humorous) An influential advisor or mentor. [from 20th c.]
   • 2004, ‘Vintage technology’, Time, 18 Oct 2004:

     Many oenophiles rely on the ratings and recommendations of wine guru Robert Parker when selecting the perfect bottle.

Derived terms

Related terms

Translations

References

Blagar

Noun

guru

1. teacher

References

• Antoinette Schapper, The Papuan Languages of Timor, Alor and Pantar: Volume 1 (2014), p. 165

Czech

Noun

guru m

1. guru (spiritual teacher)
2. guru (leader or expert in a field)

Finnish

Noun

guru

1. A guru

Declension

French

Noun

guru m (plural gurus)

1. Alternative spelling of gourou

Hausa

Noun

g?r?? m (plural g?r???y?, possessed form g?r?un)

1. A large leather belt, usually containing charms.

Hungarian

Etymology

From Hindi ???? (guru), from Sanskrit ???? (guru, “heavy”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [??uru]
• Hyphenation: gu?ru
• Rhymes: -ru

Noun

guru (plural guruk)

1. guru (a Hindu or Sikh spiritual teacher)
2. guru (leader or expert in a field)

Declension

References

Indonesian

Etymology

From Malay guru, ultimately Sanskrit ???? (gurú, “guru, teacher, sage”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *gr?Hú?, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gr?Húš, from Proto-Indo-European *g?r?h?ús (“heavy”). Doublet of bruto.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?u.ru/

Noun

guru (plural para guru, first-person possessive guruku, second-person possessive gurumu, third-person possessive gurunya)

1. teacher

Derived terms

Compounds

Further reading

• “guru” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) Daring, Jakarta: Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, 2016.

Italian

Etymology

From Hindi ???? (gur?, “teacher”)

Noun

guru m (invariable)

1. A guru (religious or spiritual leader; influential person)

Javanese

Alternative forms

• Carakan: ????
• Roman: goeroe (dated)

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit ???? (guru, “teacher”)

Noun

guru (krama-ngoko guru)

1. spiritual teacher
2. teacher

   Synonym: dwija

3. (of bee) queen bee

References

• "guru" in Tim Balai Bahasa Yogyakarta, Kamus Basa Jawa (Bausastra Jawa). Kanisius, Yogyakarta

Latin

Noun

g??r?

1. ablative singular of g??rus

Lindu

Noun

guru

1. teacher

Malay

Etymology

From Sanskrit ???? (gurú).

Pronunciation

Noun

guru (Jawi spelling ?????, plural guru-guru, informal 1st possessive guruku, impolite 2nd possessive gurumu, 3rd possessive gurunya)

1. educator, teacher, instructor

Further reading

• “guru” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

Mapudungun

Alternative forms

• gvrv

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /????/

Noun

guru (using Raguileo Alphabet)

1. A fox

Pali

Alternative forms

Etymology

Cognate with Sanskrit ???? (guru). It is an assimilatory modification of garu.

Adjective

guru

1. heavy
2. venerable

Declension

Noun

guru m

1. teacher (clarification of this definition is needed)

Declension

References

“guru”, in Pali Text Society, editor, Pali-English Dictionary?, London: Chipstead, 1921-1925.

Polish

Etymology

From Hindi ???? (gur?) / Urdu ???? (guru) / Punjabi ???? (gur?), from Sanskrit ???? (gurú), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *gr?Hú?, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gr?Húš, from Proto-Indo-European *g?r?h?ús (“heavy”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??u.ru/

Noun

guru m pers (indeclinable)

1. (Hinduism) guru (spiritual teacher)
2. guru (advisor or mentor)

Further reading

• guru in Wielki s?ownik j?zyka polskiego, Instytut J?zyka Polskiego PAN
• guru in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

Etymology

From Sanskrit ???? (gurú, “venerable, respectable”), originally "heavy", from Proto-Indo-European *g?réh?us.

Pronunciation

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /?u.??u/
• Hyphenation: gu?ru
• Rhymes: -u

Noun

guru m (plural gurus)

1. guru (spiritual teacher)

Noun

guru m, f (plural gurus)

1. guru (advisor, mentor)

Related terms

• baro-
• grave

Serbo-Croatian

Noun

g?ru m (Cyrillic spelling ?????)

1. guru

Declension

Slovak

Etymology

From Hindi ???? (gur?) / Urdu ???? (guru), from Sanskrit ???? (guru, “venerable, respectable”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??u.ru/

Noun

guru m (genitive singular gurua, nominative plural guruovia, genitive plural guruov, declension pattern of chlap)

1. guru

Declension

References

• guru in Slovak dictionaries at slovnik.juls.savba.sk

Swahili

Etymology

From Hindi ???? (gu?, “jaggery”).

Pronunciation

Noun

guru

1. Only used in sukari guru (“jaggery”)

Swedish

Etymology

From Hindi ???? (gur?), from Sanskrit ???? (guru, “heavy”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?????r?/
• Rhymes: -??r?

Noun

guru c

1. guru

Declension

References

• guru in Svensk ordbok (SO)

Yakan

Noun

guru

1. teacher (of spiritual matters or martial arts)

English

Etymology

From Middle English god, from Old English god (“deity”), originally neuter, then changed to masculine to reflect the change in religion to Christianity, from Proto-West Germanic *god n, from Proto-Germanic *gud?, from Proto-Indo-European *??utós (“invoked (one)”), from Proto-Indo-European *??ewH- (“to call, to invoke”) or *??ew- (“to pour”). Not related to the word good.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /??d/, /???d/
• (General American, Ireland) IPA^(key): /??d/
• (General Australian, General New Zealand) IPA^(key): /??d/, /???d/
• (Canada, Wales) IPA^(key): /???d/
• (Scotland) IPA^(key): /??d/
• enPR: g?d
• Homophone: gaud (in accents with the cot-caught merger)
• Rhymes: -?d

Noun

god (plural gods)

1. A deity or supreme being; a supernatural, typically immortal, being with superior powers, to which personhood is attributed.

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:god
2. Alternative letter-case form of God.
3. An idol.
   1. A representation of a deity, especially a statue or statuette.
   2. Something or someone particularly revered, worshipped, idealized, admired and/or followed.

      • whose god is their belly

4. (figuratively, slang) A person who is exceptionally skilled in a particular activity.

5. (figuratively) A person in a high position of authority, importance or influence.
6. (figuratively) A powerful ruler or tyrant.
7. (colloquial) An exceedingly handsome man.
   • a. 1918, Wilfred Owen, Disabled

     Someone had said he'd look a god in kilts.

8. (Internet, role-playing games) The person who owns and runs a multi-user dungeon.

Usage notes

The word god is often applied both to males and to females. The word was originally neuter in Proto-Germanic; monotheistic – notably Judeo-Christian – usage completely shifted the gender to masculine, necessitating the development of a feminine form, goddess. (In Old English the feminine gyden, as well as a more explicitly marked masculine goda, existed.)

Alternative forms

• gawd, Gawd, God

Derived terms

Descendants

• Sranan Tongo: gado

Translations

See god/translations § Noun.

Proper noun

god

1. (very rare) Alternative form of God
   • 1530, William Tyndall, An aun?were vnto Syr Thomas Mores Dialogue in The whole workes of W. Tyndall, Iohn Frith, and Doct. Barnes, three worthy Martyrs, and principall teachers of this Churche of England, collected and compiled in one Tome togither, beyng before ?cattered, & now in Print here exhibited to the Church (1573), page 271/2:

     And ?uch is to beare y? names of god with cro??es betwene ech name about them.

   • 1900, Gilbert Keith Chesterton, "The Happy Man" in The Wild Knight and Other Poems:

     Golgotha's ghastly trinity—

     Three persons and one god.

Verb

god (third-person singular simple present gods, present participle godding, simple past and past participle godded)

1. (transitive) To idolize.
   • a. 1866, Edward Bulwer Lytton, "Death and Sisyphus".

     To men the first necessity is gods; / And if the gods were not, / " Man would invent them, tho' they godded stones.

   • 2001, Conrad C. Fink, Sportswriting: The Lively Game, page 78

     "Godded him up" ... It's the fear of discerning journalists: Does coverage of athletic stars, on field and off, approach beatification of the living?

2. (transitive) To deify.
   • 1595, Edmund Spenser, Colin Clouts Come Home Againe.

     Then got he bow and fhafts of gold and lead, / In which fo fell and puiflant he grew, / That Jove himfelfe his powre began to dread, / And, taking up to heaven, him godded new.

   • 1951, Eric Voegelin, Dante Germino ed., The New Science of Politics: An Introduction (1987), page 125

     The superman marks the end of a road on which we find such figures as the "godded man" of English Reformation mystics

   • 1956, C. S. Lewis, Fritz Eichenberg, Till We Have Faces: A Myth Retold, page 241

     "She is so lately godded that she is still a rather poor goddess, Stranger.

Translations

See also

References

• Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary, Springfield, Massachusetts, G.&C. Merriam Co., 1967
• Bosworth, Toller, "An Anglo Saxon Dictionary": http://bosworth.ff.cuni.cz/017298

Further reading

• god on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• god (word) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Anagrams

• DOG, Dog, dog

Danish

Etymology

From Old Danish g?þær, gothær, from Old Norse góðr (“good”), from Proto-Germanic *g?daz. Cognate with English good and German gut.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [???o?ð], [???oð?], [???o?]
• Rhymes: -oð

Adjective

god (neuter godt, plural and definite singular attributive gode, comparative bedre, superlative (predicative) bedst, superlative (attributive) bedste)

1. good

References

• “god” in Den Danske Ordbog

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch god, from Old Dutch got, from Proto-West Germanic *god, from Proto-Germanic *gud?, from the Proto-Indo-European *??utós (“invoked (one)”). Compare English and West Frisian god, German Gott, Danish gud.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??t/
• Rhymes: -?t
• (Belgium) IPA^(key): [??t]
• (Netherlands) IPA^(key): [x?t]

Noun

god m (plural goden, diminutive godje n, feminine godin)

1. god, deity

Derived terms

• afgod
• berggod
• God
• godbevinding
• godenbeeld
• godenbrood
• godendienst
• godendom
• godendrank
• godenleer
• godenspijs
• godgezang
• godheid
• godin
• godsakker
• godschalk
• godsdienst
• godsgebied
• godsgeheim
• godshuis
• godskind
• godslastering
• godsloochening
• godsnaam
• godvormig
• gut
• krijgsgod
• minnegod
• ongodisme

Gothic

Romanization

g?d

1. Romanization of ????????????

Low German

Alternative forms

• good, goot, got
• (in other dialects) gaud (comparative bäter, beter)
• (in other dialects) gut (comparative b?ter)
• (in other dialects) gud (comparative biäter), gutt (inflected gudd-)

Etymology

From Middle Low German gôt, from Old Saxon g?d, from Proto-Germanic *g?daz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?o?t/, /???t/, /?o?t/

Adjective

god

1. (in some dialects) good (alternative spelling of goot)

Usage notes

• The comparative is bäter and the superlative is best.

Lower Sorbian

Noun

god

1. Superseded spelling of gód.

Middle Dutch

Noun

god m

1. Alternative spelling of got

Middle English

Etymology 1

From Old English god, from Proto-West Germanic *god, from Proto-Germanic *gud?, from Proto-Indo-European *??utós.

Alternative forms

• God, godd, godde

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??d/

Noun

god (plural goddes, genitive goddes)

1. A god or deity; a divine individual.
2. A person worshipped as a divinity.

Descendants

• English: god
• Scots: god
• Yola: gud

References

• “god, god, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2019-02-23.

Proper noun

god (genitive goddes, uncountable)

1. God (the deity of Abrahamic religions, especially the Christian God, considered to be Jesus Christ)

Related terms

• godfader
• godmoder

Descendants

• English: God
• Scots: God
• Yola: Gud

References

• god in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
• “god, god, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2019-02-23.

Etymology 2

From Old English g?d (“good”).

Adjective

god

1. Alternative form of good

Middle Low German

Adjective

god

1. Alternative spelling of gôt.

Noun

god

1. Alternative spelling of got.
2. Alternative spelling of gôt.

Navajo

Etymology

From Proto-Athabaskan *-???t’.

Cognates:

• Apachean: Western Apache -god, Chiricahua -go’
• Others: Hupa -?ot’, Mattole -go??, Galice -g?ay’, Chilcotin -g???d, Slavey -gó’, Dogrib -gò, Chipewyan -gór, Sekani -g???de’, Beaver -g??d, Lower Tanana -g?d, Hän -gòd, Ahtna -?o’d, Dena'ina -??t’, Eyak -?u?d

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [kòt], [k??òt]

Noun

-god (inalienable)

1. knee

Derived terms

• agod (“someone’s knee”)
• hagod (“one’s knee”)
• bigod (“his/her/their knee”)
• shigod (“my knee”)

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Old Norse góðr, from Proto-Germanic *g?daz, from Proto-Indo-European *g?ed?- (“to join, to unite”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?u?/, [????]

Adjective

god (neuter singular godt, definite singular and plural gode, comparative bedre, indefinite superlative best, definite superlative beste)

1. good

Derived terms

References

• “god” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old Norse góðr, from Proto-Germanic *g?daz, from Proto-Indo-European *g?ed?- (“to join, to unite”). Akin to English good.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?u?/

Adjective

god (masculine and feminine god, neuter godt, definite singular and plural gode, comparative betre, indefinite superlative best, definite superlative beste)

1. good

Derived terms

References

• “god” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old English

Etymology 1

From Proto-West Germanic *g?d, from Proto-Germanic *g?daz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?o?d/

Adjective

g?d (comparative betera, superlative betst, adverb wel)

1. good

Declension

Derived terms

• g?dnes

Descendants

• Middle English: good, god
  • English: good
  • Scots: guid
  • Yola: gooude, gayde

Noun

g?d n

1. good (something good or good things collectively)

Declension

Etymology 2

From Proto-West Germanic *god, from Proto-Germanic *gud?.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?od/

Noun

god n or m

1. a god

Declension

neuter

masculine (influence of Christianity)

Derived terms

• godcund (“divine, godlike”)
• gyden (“goddess”)

Proper noun

god m

1. Alternative letter-case form of God.

Declension

Descendants

• Middle English: god, God, godd, godde
  • English: god
  • Scots: god
  • Yola: gud

Old Frisian

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *g?d, from Proto-Germanic *g?daz.

Adjective

g?d

1. good

Inflection

Descendants

• North Frisian:

  Föhr-Amrum: gud

• Saterland Frisian: goud
• West Frisian: goed

Old Saxon

Etymology 1

From Proto-West Germanic *g?d, from Proto-Germanic *g?daz, from Proto-Indo-European *g?ed?- (“to join, to unite”).

Compare Old English and West Frisian g?d, Old High German and Old Dutch guot, Old Norse góðr.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?o?d/

Adjective

g?d (comparative betiro, superlative betst)

1. good
   • Heliand, verse 363

Declension

Descendants

• Middle Low German: gôt
  • German Low German: good
  • Low German: goot

Etymology 2

From Proto-West Germanic *g?d, from Proto-Germanic *g?daz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?o?d/

Noun

g?d n

1. goodness, benefit
   • Heliand, verse 1456

Declension

Descendants

• Middle Low German: gôt
  • German Low German: Good
  • Low German: Goot

Etymology 3

From Proto-West Germanic *god, from Proto-Germanic *gud?, from the Proto-Indo-European *??utós (“invoked (one)”). Compare Old English god, Old Frisian god, Old High German got, Old Norse guð.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??d/

Noun

god n

1. god
   • Heliand, verse 326

Declension

Descendants

• Middle Low German: got

Etymology 4

From Proto-West Germanic *god, from Proto-Germanic *gud?.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??d/

Noun

god m

1. God, the Christian god
   • Heliand, verse 11

Declension

Descendants

• Middle Low German: got

Romansch

Alternative forms

• guaud (Rumantsch Grischun)
• uaul, gòld (Sutsilvan)
• gôt (Surmiran)

Etymology

Of probable Germanic origin (compare German Wald, Dutch woud, English wold).

Noun

god m (plural gods)

1. (Puter, Vallader) forest

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *god?. Cognate with Slovene god, Old Church Slavonic ???? (god?), Russian ??? (god).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?ô?d/

Noun

g?d m (Cyrillic spelling ????)

1. name day
2. anniversary, holiday
3. ring (on a tree)

Declension

Particle

god (Cyrillic spelling ???)

1. generalization particle

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *god?. Cognate with Serbo-Croatian god, Old Church Slavonic ???? (god?).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?ó?t/

Noun

g??d m inan

1. name day

Inflection

Further reading

• “god”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Swedish g?þer, from Old Norse góðr, from Proto-Germanic *g?daz, from Proto-Indo-European *g?ed?- (“to join, to unite”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?u?d/, (colloquial) /?u?/

Adjective

god (comparative godare or bättre, superlative godast or bäst)

1. good (not evil), kind
2. good (in taste)

3. (somewhat dated) good (not bad), fine, useful

Declension

Antonyms

• (not evil): elak, ond
• (tasting): äcklig, illasmakande
• (not bad): dålig

Derived terms

• god dag

Anagrams

• dog

West Frisian

Etymology

From Old Frisian god, from Proto-West Germanic *god, from Proto-Germanic *gud?, from Proto-Indo-European *??utós.

Noun

god c (plural goaden, diminutive godsje)

1. god, deity

Further reading

• “God”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011