different between gerundive vs gerund
gerundive
English
Etymology
From Latin gerund?vus (“of a gerund”), from gerundium (“gerund”), from gerundus (“which is to be carried out”), future passive participle (gerundive) of ger? (“carry, bear”).
Pronunciation
- (UK) IPA(key): /d?????nd?v/
Noun
gerundive (plural gerundives)
- (in Latin grammar) a verbal adjective that describes obligation or necessity, equivalent in form to the future passive participle.
- (less commonly, in English grammar) a verbal adjective ending in -ing , also called a "present participle".
Usage notes
English grammar does not have an exact equivalent to the Latin gerundive. English verbal adjectives ending in -ing are similar, but the Latin gerundive implies a sense of necessity that is lacking from the English construct. For example, the word “agenda” (i.e. “things that ought to be done,” not just “things to be done”) conveys the sense of necessity from the Latin gerundive.
Related terms
- gerund
- gerundial
Translations
Adjective
gerundive (not comparable)
- gerundial
Derived terms
- gerundively
References
Anagrams
- un-grieved, ungrieved
Latin
Etymology
See the etymology of the main entry.
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /?e.run?di?.u?e/, [????n??d?i?u??]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /d??e.run?di.ve/, [d????un??d?i?v?]
Noun
gerund?ve
- vocative singular of gerundivus
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gerund
English
Etymology
From Latin gerundium, from gerundus (“which is to be carried out”), future passive participle (gerundive) of ger? (“carry, bear”).
Pronunciation
- enPR: j?r'-?nd, IPA(key): /?d????nd/, /-?nd/
- Rhymes: -???nd, -???nd
Noun
gerund (plural gerunds)
- (grammar) A verbal form that functions as a verbal noun. (In English, a gerund has the same spelling as a present participle, but functions differently; however, this distinction may be ambiguous or unclear and so is no longer made in some modern texts such as A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language and The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language)
- 1991, Edward Johnson, The Handbook of Good English, page 208,
- Compounds in which gerunds are the second element look exactly like compounds in which present participles are the second element, but different principles of hyphenation apply.
- 2002, Dan Mulvey, Grammar the Easy Way, page 25,
- Like any noun, the gerund functions as a subject, direct object, indirect object, object of the preposition, or predicate nominative. The gerund phrase is made up of the present participle ("-ing") and can contain an object and/or a modifier (and sometimes many modifiers). The gerund is a verbal noun.
- 2005, Gary Lutz, Diane Stevenson, The Writer's Digest Grammar Desk Reference, page 55,
- Gerunds and gerund phrases are always nouns, so they are always predicate nominatives when used as complements. Do be careful to distinguish progressive-tense verbs from gerunds used as subjective complements.
- 1991, Edward Johnson, The Handbook of Good English, page 208,
- (grammar) In some languages such as Dutch, Italian or Russian, a verbal form similar to a present participle, but functioning as an adverb to form adverbial phrases or continuous tense. These constructions have various names besides gerund, depending on the language, such as conjunctive participles, active participles, adverbial participles, transgressives, etc.
Hypernyms
- verbal
Derived terms
- gerundive
- gerundial
Translations
Further reading
- gerund on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Anagrams
- gurned, nudger, runged
Dutch
Pronunciation
Participle
gerund
- past participle of runnen
Declension
This participle needs an inflection-table template.
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