different between further vs reserve

English

Etymology

From Middle English further, forther, from Old English furþor (“further”, adverb), from Proto-West Germanic *furþer, from Proto-Indo-European *per- (a common preposition), equivalent to fore + -ther (a vestigial comparative ending still present in such words as other, either, whether, and, in altered form, in after); or as sometimes stated, as forth +? -er. Cognate with Scots forder, furder, Saterland Frisian foarder, West Frisian fierder, Dutch verder, German fürder.

Pronunciation

• enPR: fûr?th?r IPA^(key): /f??(?)ð?(?)/
• Rhymes: -??(r)ð?(r)

Alternative forms

• farther (See also the usage notes below.)

Verb

further (third-person singular simple present furthers, present participle furthering, simple past and past participle furthered)

1. (transitive) To help forward; to assist.
   • 1885, Richard F. Burton, The Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night, Night 558:

     Upon this he brought me a cotton bag and giving it to me, said, "Take this bag and fill it with pebbles from the beach and go forth with a company of the townsfolk to whom I will give a charge respecting thee. Do as they do and belike thou shalt gain what may further thy return voyage to thy native land."

2. (transitive) To encourage growth; to support progress or growth of something; to promote.

Derived terms

• furtherance
• furtherment
• furthersome

Translations

Adjective

further (not comparable)

1. (comparative form of far) More distant; relatively distant.

   See those two lampposts? Run to the further one.

   He was standing at the further end of the corridor.

2. More, additional.

   I have one further comment to make.

Derived terms

• furtherdom
• furtherhood
• furtherness

Translations

Adverb

further (not comparable)

1. (comparative form of far) To, at or over a greater distance in space, time or other extent.
2. (comparative form of far) To a greater extent or degree.

   Of the two civilisations, this one was further advanced.

   I do not propose to discuss it any further. - Please, let me explain just a little further.

3. Beyond what is already stated or is already the case.

   Chapter 10 further explains the ideas introduced in Chapter 9.

   Don't confuse things further.

   Further, affiant sayeth naught. (A formal statement ending a deposition or affidavit, immediately preceding the affiant's signature.)
4. (conjunctive) Also; in addition; furthermore; moreover.

   It is overlong, and further, it makes no sense.

   • 1924, Aristotle, W. D. Ross (translator), Metaphysics, Book 1, Part 6,

     Further, besides sensible things and Forms he says there are the objects of mathematics, which occupy an intermediate position, […] .

5. (in the phrase 'further to') Following on (from).

   Further to our recent telephone call, I am writing to clarify certain points raised.

   This example is further to the one on page 17.

Derived terms

• furthermore

Translations

Usage notes

In respect of general adjectival and adverbial use, some usage guides distinguish farther and further, with farther referring to distance, and further referring to degree or time. Others, such as the OED, recommend farther as a comparative form of far and further for use when it is not comparative. However, most authorities consider the two interchangeable in most or all circumstances, and historically, they were not distinguished.

Farther is uncommon or old-fashioned in certain subsidiary senses, such as the adjectival sense of "more, additional" and the adverbial sense "moreover". It is virtually never used as a replacement for "further" in the phrase "further to".

As a verb, further greatly predominates over farther in modern English.

See also

• far

References

English

Etymology

From Old French reserver.

Pronunciation

• (General American) IPA^(key): /???z?v/
• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /???z??v/
• Rhymes: -??(?)v
• Hyphenation: re?serve

Noun

reserve (countable and uncountable, plural reserves)

1. (behaviour) Restriction.
   1. The act of reserving or keeping back; reservation; exception.

   2. Restraint of freedom in words or actions; backwardness; caution in personal behavior.
2. That which is reserved or kept back, as for future use.
   1. A natural resource known to exist but not currently exploited.
   2. A tract of land reserved, or set apart, for a particular purpose

   3. (Canada) A tract of land set apart for the use of an Aboriginal group; Indian reserve (compare US reservation.)
   4. (military) A body of troops kept in the rear of an army drawn up for battle, reserved to support the other lines as occasion may require; a force or body of troops kept for an exigency.
   5. (finance, insurance) Funds kept on hand to meet planned or unplanned financial requirements.
   6. A reserve price in an auction.
   7. Wine held back and aged before being sold.
   8. (ceramics) Absence of color or decoration; the state of being left plain.
      • 1973, Charles Kyrle Wilkinson, Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.), Nishapur: Pottery of the Early Islamic Period (page 161)

        Each is decorated with a simple disk in reserve and a band in reserve adorned with white dots.

3. (social) Something initially kept back for later use in a recreation.
   1. (sports) A member of a team who does not participate from the start of the game, but can be used to replace tired or injured team-mates.
   2. (card games) A group or pile of cards dealt out at the beginning of a patience or solitaire game to be used during play.
4. In exhibitions, a distinction indicating that the recipient will get a prize in the event of another person being disqualified.
5. (calico printing) A resist.
6. A preparation used on an object being electroplated to fix the limits of the deposit.

Synonyms

• (restraint of freedom in words or actions): self-restraint, reticence, taciturnity
• (sports: reserve player): substitute
• (military: reserve forces): Army Reserve, Territorial Army, TA, TAVR, territorials, terriers, reservists
• (tract of land for Aboriginal peoples): reservation, res, rez

Derived terms

Related terms

• reservist

Translations

Verb

reserve (third-person singular simple present reserves, present participle reserving, simple past and past participle reserved)

1. To keep back; to retain.

   We reserve the right to make modifications.

2. To keep in store for future or special use.

   This cake is reserved for the guests!

   • c. 1703-1720, Jonathan Swift, A Letter to a Very Young Lady on Her Marriage

     Conceal your esteem and love in your own breast, and reserve your kind looks and language for private hours.

3. To book in advance; to make a reservation.

   I reserved a table for us at the best restaurant in town.

4. (obsolete) To make an exception of; to except.

Translations

Anagrams

• Reveres, reveres, reverse, severer, veerers

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from Middle French reserve, from Old French reserver.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /r??z?r.v?/
• Hyphenation: re?ser?ve
• Rhymes: -?rv?

Noun

reserve f (plural reserves, diminutive reservetje n)

1. reserve, emergency supply (that which is reserved, or kept back, as for future use)
2. military reserves
3. reservation, restraint
4. (law, Belgium) forced estate, legitime

   Synonym: voorbehouden deel

   Antonym: beschikbaar deel

5. (sports) alternate, substitute, reserve

Derived terms

• gasreserve
• oliereserve
• kapitaalreserve
• reserveband
• reservebank
• reservebatterij
• reserve-eenheid
• reservefiets
• reservekracht
• reserveleger
• reservemateriaal
• reserveofficier
• reserveonderdeel
• reservevoorraad
• reservewiel
• vetreserve
• voedselreserve

Related terms

• reserveren

Descendants

• Afrikaans: reserwe
• ? Indonesian: reserve

Anagrams

• serveer, servere, verrees

Indonesian

Etymology

From Dutch reserve, from Old French reserver.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [r??ser.v?]
• Hyphenation: rê?sér?vê

Noun

rêsérvê (first-person possessive reserveku, second-person possessive reservemu, third-person possessive reservenya)

1. (colloquial) reserve.

   Synonyms: cadangan, serap

2. (colloquial) requirement.

   Synonym: syarat

Further reading

• “reserve” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) Daring, Jakarta: Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, 2016.

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

Via German Reserve from French réserve

Noun

reserve m (definite singular reserven, indefinite plural reserver, definite plural reservene)

1. a reserve

Derived terms

• reservedel

Related terms

• reservere

References

• “reserve” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
• “reserve” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

Via German Reserve from French réserve

Noun

reserve m (definite singular reserven, indefinite plural reservar, definite plural reservane)

1. a reserve

Derived terms

• reservedel

References

• “reserve” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Portuguese

Verb

reserve

1. first-person singular (eu) present subjunctive of reservar
2. third-person singular (ele and ela, also used with você and others) present subjunctive of reservar
3. third-person singular (você) affirmative imperative of reservar
4. third-person singular (você) negative imperative of reservar

Spanish

Verb

reserve

1. Formal second-person singular (usted) imperative form of reservar.
2. First-person singular (yo) present subjunctive form of reservar.
3. Formal second-person singular (usted) present subjunctive form of reservar.
4. Third-person singular (él, ella, also used with usted^?) present subjunctive form of reservar.