different between familiar vs orthodox

English

Etymology

From Latin famili?ris (“pertaining to servants; pertaining to the household”). Doublet of familial. Displaced native Old English h?wc?þ.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /f??m?l.i.?/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /f??m?l.j?/, /f??m?l.i.?/, /f??m?l.j?/
• (US)

Adjective

familiar (comparative more familiar, superlative most familiar)

1. Known to one, or generally known; commonplace.

2. Acquainted.

3. Intimate or friendly.
4. Inappropriately intimate or friendly.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Camden to this entry?)

5. Of or pertaining to a family; familial.
   • 1822, Lord Byron, Werner

     familiar feuds

Synonyms

• (acquainted): acquainted
• (intimate, friendly): close, friendly, intimate, personal
• (inappropriately intimate or friendly): cheeky, fresh, impudent

Antonyms

• (known to one): unfamiliar, unknown
• (acquainted): unacquainted
• (intimate): cold, cool, distant, impersonal, standoffish, unfriendly

Derived terms

• overfamiliar
• familiarity
• familiarly

Related terms

• familial

Translations

Noun

familiar (plural familiars)

1. (witchcraft) An attendant spirit, often in animal or demon form.
2. (obsolete) A member of one's family or household.
3. A member of a pope's or bishop's household.
4. (obsolete) A close friend.
5. (historical) The officer of the Inquisition who arrested suspected people.

Synonyms

• nigget

Translations

See also

• daimon (a tutelary spirit that guides a person)

Further reading

• Familiar in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)

Catalan

Etymology

From Latin famili?ris.

Adjective

familiar (masculine and feminine plural familiars)

1. familiar

Derived terms

• familiaritzar
• familiarment
• unifamiliar

Related terms

• familiaritat

Noun

familiar m or f (plural familiars)

1. relative

Related terms

• família

Further reading

• “familiar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “familiar” in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana.
• “familiar” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “familiar” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Galician

Etymology

From Latin famili?ris.

Adjective

familiar m or f (plural familiares)

1. of family
2. close, familiar
3. daily, plain

Noun

familiar m (plural familiares)

1. relative

Synonyms

• parente
• achegado

Related terms

• familia
• familiaridade
• familiarizar

Further reading

• “familiar” in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega, Royal Galician Academy.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Noun

familiar m

1. indefinite plural of familie

Portuguese

Etymology

From Latin famili?ris.

Pronunciation

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /f?.mi.?lja?/

Adjective

familiar m or f (plural familiares, comparable)

1. familiar (known to one)
2. of or relating to a family

Derived terms

• familiarmente

Related terms

• familiaridade

Noun

familiar m (plural familiares)

1. (usually in the plural) relative (person in the same family)
2. familiar (attendant spirit)

   Synonym: espírito familiar

Related terms

• família

Further reading

• “familiar” in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa.

Romanian

Etymology

From French familier, from Latin familiaris.

Adjective

familiar m or n (feminine singular familiar?, masculine plural familiari, feminine and neuter plural familiare)

1. familiar

Declension

Related terms

• familiaritate

Spanish

Etymology

From Latin famili?ris.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /fami?lja?/, [fa.mi?lja?]

Adjective

familiar (plural familiares)

1. familial, family
2. close, familiar
3. daily, plain

Derived terms

Noun

familiar m (plural familiares)

1. relative, family member

   Synonym: miembro de la familia, pariente

Related terms

• familia
• familiaridad
• familiarizar

Further reading

• “familiar” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.

English

Etymology

From Late Latin orthodoxus, from Ancient Greek ????????? (orthódoxos), from ????? (orthós, “straight”) + ???? (dóxa, “opinion”).

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /?????d?ks/
• (US) IPA^(key): /??????d?ks/
• Hyphenation: or?tho?dox

Adjective

orthodox (comparative more orthodox, superlative most orthodox)

1. Conforming to the accepted, established, or traditional doctrines of a given faith, religion, or ideology. [from 15th c.]

   Antonyms: heretical, heterodox, unorthodox

   • 2005, Alister E McGrath, Iustitia Dei:

     Five important modifications were made by the Pietists to the orthodox doctrine of justification, each corresponding to a distinctive aspect of the movement's agenda.

   • 2009, Andrew Brown, The Guardian, 23 Dec 2009:

     ‘These speakers are academics who have specialised in Islamic sciences and are well respected in scholarly circles. It is grossly unjust to suggest that they belong to some fringe ideology rather than orthodox Islam.’

2. Adhering to whatever is customary, traditional, or generally accepted.

   Synonyms: conservative, conventional

   Antonyms: liberal, outlandish, unorthodox
3. (botany) Of pollen, seed, or spores: viable for a long time; viable when dried to low moisture content.

   Antonym: recalcitrant

Derived terms

• orthodoxise, orthodoxize

Related terms

Translations

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin orthodoxus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??r.to??d?ks/
• Hyphenation: or?tho?dox
• Rhymes: -?ks

Adjective

orthodox (not comparable)

1. orthodox
   1. (ideology, religion) conforming to conventional norms in opinion or practice

   2. (more generally) staying close to established customs, not particularly innovative

Inflection

Antonyms

• heterodox
• onorthodox

Derived terms

• ultraorthodox

Related terms

• orthodoxie

German

Etymology

From Late Latin orthodoxus, from Ancient Greek ????????? (orthódoxos), from ????? (orthós, “straight”) + ???? (dóxa, “opinion”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /???.to?d?ks/

Adjective

orthodox (comparative orthodoxer, superlative am orthodoxesten)

1. (religion, sometimes other ideologies) orthodox

2. (religion) Orthodox

Usage notes

• Particularly in Christian contexts, the word is ambiguous as it can have the general sense of “not heterodox”, or the specific senses of “Eastern Orthodox” and “Oriental Orthodox” (which are distinct groups). The specifications byzantinisch-orthodox (“Eastern Orthodox”) and orientalisch-orthodox (“Oriental Orthodox”) are available, though the former is rarely used.

Declension

Synonyms

• (orthodox): rechtgläubig

Derived terms

• Griechisch-Orthodoxe Kirche f
• Koptisch-Orthodoxe Kirche f
• Russisch-Orthodoxe Kirche f
• Syrisch-Orthodoxe Kirche f
• unorthodox

Related terms

• Orthodoxie

Further reading

• “orthodox” in Duden online