different between external vs perfunctory
external
English
Etymology
From Middle French externe + -al, from Latin externus, from exter, exterus (“on the outside, outward”).
Pronunciation
- (General American) IPA(key): /?ks?t?n?l/, /?ks?t?n?l/, /?ks?t?n?l/
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /?ks?t??n?l/, /?ks?t??n?l/, /?ks?t??n?l/
- Rhymes: -??(?)n?l
- Hyphenation: ex?ter?nal
Adjective
external (comparative more external, superlative most external)
- Outside of something; on the exterior.
- Not intrinsic nor essential; accidental; accompanying; superficial.
- 1850, Richard Chenevix Trench, Notes on the Miracles of Our Lord
- The external circumstances are greatly different.
- 1850, Richard Chenevix Trench, Notes on the Miracles of Our Lord
- Foreign; relating to or connected with foreign nations.
- (anatomy) Away from the mesial plane of the body; lateral.
- Provided by something or someone outside of the entity (object, group, company etc.) considered.
Synonyms
- (not intrinsic nor essential): See also Thesaurus:extrinsic
Antonyms
- internal
Related terms
Translations
Noun
external (plural externals)
- (chiefly in the plural) The exterior; outward features or appearances.
- (programming) In the C programming language, a variable that is defined in the source code but whose value comes from some external source.
Further reading
- external in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
- external in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
- external at OneLook Dictionary Search
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perfunctory
English
Etymology
From Late Latin perfunct?rius, from the past participial stem of perfungor, perfunct- (“perform, carry through”), from per- + fungor.
Pronunciation
- (UK) IPA(key): /p??f??k.t(?)??/
- (US) IPA(key): /p??f??k.t?.i/
Adjective
perfunctory (comparative more perfunctory, superlative most perfunctory)
- Done only or merely to conform to a minimal standard or to fulfill a protocol or presumptive duty .
- Synonyms: automatic, cursory, obligatory, pro forma, token, unthinking
- 1975, Saul Bellow, Humboldt's Gift [Avon ed., 1976, p. 338]:
- He then poured some wine for me to taste, and harassed me with perfunctory courtesies that had to be acknowledged.
- Performed in a careless or indifferent manner as a thing of rote.
- Synonyms: haphazard, mechanical, slipshod
- Antonyms: careful, complete, thorough
Related terms
- perfunctorily
- perfunctoriness
Translations
See also
- pro forma
perfunctory From the web:
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