different between exasperate vs rankle

English

Etymology

From Latin exasper?; ex (“out of; thoroughly”) + asper? (“make rough”), from asper (“rough”).

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA^(key): /???zæsp(?)?e?t/
• (Received Pronunciation, also) IPA^(key): /???z??sp??e?t/
• Rhymes: -æsp??e?t
• Hyphenation: ex?as?per?ate

Verb

exasperate (third-person singular simple present exasperates, present participle exasperating, simple past and past participle exasperated)

1. To tax the patience of, irk, frustrate, vex, provoke, annoy; to make angry.
   • c. 1611, William Shakespeare, Macbeth, act 3, scene 6:

     And this report

     Hath so exasperate [sic] the king that he

     Prepares for some attempt of war.

   • 1851, Herman Melville, Moby Dick, chapter 3:

     The picture represents a Cape-Horner in a great hurricane; the half-foundered ship weltering there with its three dismantled masts alone visible; and an exasperated whale, purposing to spring clean over the craft, is in the enormous act of impaling himself upon the three mast-heads.

   • 1853, Charles Dickens, Bleak House, chapter 11:

     Beadle goes into various shops and parlours, examining the inhabitants; always shutting the door first, and by exclusion, delay, and general idiotcy, exasperating the public.

   • 1987 January 5, "Woman of the Year: Corazon Aquino," Time:

     [S]he exasperates her security men by acting as if she were protected by some invisible shield.

   • 2007 June 4, "Loyal Mail," Times Online (UK) (retrieved 7 Oct 2010):

     News that Adam Crozier, Royal Mail chief executive, is set to receive a bumper bonus will exasperate postal workers.

Translations

Adjective

exasperate (comparative more exasperate, superlative most exasperate)

1. (obsolete) exasperated; embittered.
   • c. 1601, William Shakespeare, Troilus and Cressida, Act V, Scene 1,^[1]

     Thersites. Do I curse thee?

     Patroclus. Why no, you ruinous butt, you whoreson indistinguishable cur, no.

     Thersites. No! why art thou then exasperate, thou idle immaterial skein of sleave-silk […]

   • 1856, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Aurora Leigh, London: Chapman & Hall, 1857, Book 4, p. 177,^[2]

     Like swallows which the exasperate dying year

     Sets spinning […]

Related terms

See also

• exacerbate

References

• Douglas Harper (2001–2021) , “exasperate”, in Online Etymology Dictionary

Ido

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /eksaspe?rate/, /e?zaspe?rate/

Verb

exasperate

1. adverbial present passive participle of exasperar

Latin

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ek.sas.pe?ra?.te/, [?ks?äs?p???ä?t??]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ek.sas.pe?ra.te/, [??z?sp?????t??]

Verb

exasper?te

1. second-person plural present active imperative of exasper?

English

Etymology

From Middle English ranklen, ranclen, from Old French rancler, räoncler, draoncler (“to ulcerate, to form a boil”), from Old French draoncle (“a boil”), from Latin dracunculus (“little serpent”), diminutive of Latin drac? (“serpent, dragon”).

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA^(key): /??æ?.k?l/
• Rhymes: -æ?k?l

Noun

rankle (plural rankles)

1. A festering, embittering object or condition — either mental, or a physical sore or ulcer (rare).
   • 1795, James Harris, First Earl of Malmesbury

     To this the Prince appeared to acquiesce; but I saw it did not please, and left a rankle in his mind.

Verb

rankle (third-person singular simple present rankles, present participle rankling, simple past and past participle rankled)

1. (transitive or intransitive) To cause irritation or deep bitterness.
   • 1890 — Alfred Thayer Mahan, The Influence of Sea Power upon History, chapter IX

     The close proximity of the two countries, the relative positions of their ports, made the naval situation particularly strong; and the alliance which was dictated by sound policy, by family ties, and by just fear of England's sea power, was further assured to France by recent and still existing injuries that must continue to rankle with Spain. Gibraltar, Minorca, and Florida were still in the hands of England; no Spaniard could be easy till this reproach was wiped out.

   • 1894, Ivan Dexter, Talmud: A Strange Narrative of Central Australia, published in serial form in Port Adelaide News and Lefevre's Peninsula Advertiser (SA), Chapter XX, [2]

     I stood trembling with agony for the spear was rankling in the wound.
2. (intransitive) To fester.

   a splinter rankles in the flesh

   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, Book I, Canto X

     But yet the cause and root of all his ill,
     Inward corruption and infected sin,
     Not purg'd nor heald, behind remained still,
     And festring sore did rankle yet within […]

   • 1707, Nicholas Rowe, The Royal Convert

     a malady that burns and rankles inward

   • 1796, Edmund Burke, a letter to a noble lord

     This would have left a rankling wound in the hearts of the people.

   • 1850, Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Scarlet Letter, chapter XIV

     You are beside him, sleeping and waking. You search his thoughts. You burrow and rankle in his heart!

   • 1855, Robert Browning, “Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came”, XXVI:

     Now blotches rankling, coloured gay and grim, / Now patches where some leanness of the soil's / Broke into moss or substances like boils;

Synonyms

• (to cause irritation): embitter, irritate
• (to fester): fester

Translations

References

Anagrams

• KERNAL, Karlen, lanker