different between enclosure vs zeriba

English

Alternative forms

• inclosure (was as common as or more common until the early 1800s; now uncommon)

Etymology

Borrowed from Old French enclosure.

Pronunciation

• (US) IPA^(key): /?n?klo????/, /?n?klo????/
• (UK) IPA^(key): /?n?kl????/
• (General New Zealand) IPA^(key): /?n?kl????/
• Hyphenation: en?clo?sure

Noun

enclosure (countable and uncountable, plural enclosures)

1. (countable) Something enclosed, i.e. inserted into a letter or similar package.

   There was an enclosure with the letter — a photo.

2. (uncountable) The act of enclosing, i.e. the insertion or inclusion of an item in a letter or package.

   The enclosure of a photo with your letter is appreciated.

3. (countable) An area, domain, or amount of something partially or entirely enclosed by barriers.

   He faced punishment for creating the fenced enclosure in a public park.

   The glass enclosure holds the mercury vapor.

   The winning horse was first into the unsaddling enclosure.
4. (uncountable) The act of separating and surrounding an area, domain, or amount of something with a barrier.

   The enclosure of public land is against the law.

   The experiment requires the enclosure of mercury vapor in a glass tube.

   At first, untrained horses resist enclosure.

5. (uncountable, British History) The post-feudal process of subdivision of common lands for individual ownership.

   Strip-farming disappeared after enclosure.

6. (religion) The area of a convent, monastery, etc where access is restricted to community members.

Usage notes

• For more on the spelling of this word, see enclose.

Translations

Anagrams

• corneules, encolures

Old French

Alternative forms

• encloseure

Etymology

enclos-, stem of enclore +? -ure.

Noun

enclosure f (oblique plural enclosures, nominative singular enclosure, nominative plural enclosures)

1. enclosure (act of enclosing something)
2. enclosure (enclosed area)

References

• Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l'ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IX^e au XV^e siècle (1881) (encloseure)
• enclosure on the Anglo-Norman On-Line Hub

English

Alternative forms

• zareba (particularly in figurative uses)
• seriba, sariba
• zerybeh
• zereba, zareeba, zerriba

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic ????????? (zar?ba, “pen, cattle pen”).

Noun

zeriba (plural zeribas)

1. (historical) A fence of the type once commonly improvised in northeastern Africa from thornbushes.
   • 1849, Charles William O’Reilly (translator), Expedition to Discover the Sources of the White Nile by Ferdinand Werne, London: Richard Bentley, Volume II, Chapter 5, p. 112,^[1]

     On the left shore two neat farmyards shew themselves in a shining seriba of reeds, the stalks of which are connected very regularly with each other, but perhaps only afford resistance to tame animals.

   • 1895, A. H. Keane, Africa, Volume I, North Africa, (Stanford’s Compendium of Geography and Travel), London: Edward Stanford, Chapter 5, p. 245, footnote 1,^[2]

     In Arabic zeriba means any kind of rough and ready fenced enclosure; hence the expression “zeriba country” applied by some geographers to the northern slope of the Nile-Congo divide, where the Arab traders and slave-hunters had founded numerous palisaded stations long before the establishment of the Egyptian administration in that region.

2. (by extension) An improvised stockade, particularly those similarly located and constructed.
   • 1884, The Times, 11 March, 1884, p. 5,

     The Black Watch (Royal Highlanders) advanced this morning to Baker Pasha’s zariba.
3. (by extension) A camp of troops employing such an enclosure.
   • 1887, The Times, 9 April, 1887, p. 5,

     […] forming a zariba, or square, to resist cavalry.

4. (by extension) Any wild and barbed barrier, evocative of a briar or thorn patch.
   • 1910, P. G. Wodehouse, “Deep Waters” in Collier’s, Volume 45, 28 May, 1910, p. 18,^[4]

     Once you had passed the initial zareba of fruit stands, souvenir stands, ice-cream stands, and the lair of the enthusiast whose aim in life it was to sell you picture postal-cards, and had won through to the long walk where the seats were, you were practically alone with Nature.

   • 1940, Graham Greene, The Power and the Glory, London: Vintage, 2001, Chapter 2,

     […] a small withered soldier sat by the prison door with a gun between his knees and the shadows of the palms pointed at him like a zareba of sabres.

   • 1944, Miles Burton, The Three Corpse Trick, London: Collins, Chapter 5,^[5]

     The hovel stood in the centre of what had once been a vegetable garden, but was now a patch of rank weeds. Surrounding this, almost like a zareba, was an irregular ring of gorse and brambles, an unclaimed vestige of the original common.

   • 1961, P. G. Wodehouse, Ice in Bedroom, New York: Simon & Schuster, Chapter 7, p. 52,

     Owing to his obiter dicta having to be filtered through a zareba of white hair, it was not always easy to catch exactly what Mr. Cornelius said.

Verb

zeriba (third-person singular simple present zeribas, present participle zeribaing, simple past and past participle zeribaed)

1. To erect or take refuge within a zeriba.
   • 1885, R. F. T. Gascoigne, “To Within a Mile of Khartoum,” The Nineteenth Century, No. 101, July 1885, p. 89,^[6]

     […] the Brigadier ordered the force to zereba on the best position that was near.

   • 1911, “Somaliland” in the Encyclopædia Britannica 11th ed., Vol. 25, p. 382,^[7]

     On the 2nd of June a small force, zeribaed under Captain Malcolm McNeill, was attacked by the mullah’s followers but repulsed after desperate fighting.

Further reading

• Zeriba in the 1920 edition of Encyclopedia Americana.

Anagrams

• braize

Italian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic ????????? (zar?ba, “pen, cattle pen”).

Noun

zeriba f (plural zeribe)

1. zeriba (African type of fence)