different between duff vs litter

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d?f/

• Rhymes: -?f

Etymology 1

Representing a northern England and Scots pronunciation of dough.

Noun

duff (countable and uncountable, plural duffs)

1. (dialectal) Dough.
2. A stiff flour pudding, often with dried fruit, boiled in a cloth bag, or steamed.
   • 1901, Henry Lawson, short story The Ghosts of Many Christmases, published in Children of the Bush [1]:

     The storekeeper had sent them an unbroken case of canned plum pudding, and probably by this time he was wondering what had become of that blanky case of duff.

   • 2000, Robert Barlas, Bahamas (page 118)

     Dessert is as substantial as the main course, and none more so than the absolute favorite, guava duff.

3. A pudding-style dessert, especially one made with plums.
   • 1891, "The Life of a Naval Apprentice" by John R. Spears, The Chautauquan, Volume 13

     They must live on sea food—a deal more of salt beef, pork, beans, and hard tack is than of any thing else, but of the food at sea well as in port it may here be said that it is ample in quantity and good enough anybody, though by no means all strawberry shortcake and cream or plum duff.

   • 2009, "Plum duff updated" by Graham Hawkes

     With Christmas well on its way let's take a look at a modern version of an old favourite dessert more often than not reserved for the day we celebrate the birth of Christ: plum duff. It is just as well Christmas falls during the summer school holidays as a nipper this allowed me to be at my grandmother's home when the true traditional plum duff was made.

Derived terms

• plum-duff

Etymology 2

Origin uncertain; probably related to Proto-Indo-European *d?ewb?- (“to whisk, smoke, darken, obscure”).

Noun

duff (countable and uncountable, plural duffs)

1. (Scotland, US) Decaying vegetable matter on the forest floor.
   • 1886, Annual Report of the Forest Commission of the State of New York

     Forest fires have often been started from wantonness; for the sake of making a big blaze, fires will be carelessly left by guides, or will be smouldering in the duff,* where it will burn for weeks. I have seen the smoke from fires in the duff even after the snow has fallen.

     * Local term for the vegetable growth covering the forest ground of the Adirondacks. under the spruce trees, the falling needles accumulate to considerable depth, forming the "spruce 'duff," a peculiar and interesting variety of forest humus.

   • 1935, "New Equipment for Obtaining Host Material for the Mass Production of Trichogramma Minutum, an Egg Parasite of Various Insect Pests" by Herbert Spencer, Luther Brown, Arthur M. Phillips (U.S. Department of Agriculture)

     These methods also make it possible for the forest officer to describe and to record his observations in precise terms such as “6% percent duff moisture” rather than in generalities such as “pretty dry duff.”

   • 1979, "Estimating pinyon and juniper fuel and biomass from aerial photographs" by Richard O. Meeuwig, Elwood LaVern Miller, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station (USDA Forest Service)

     Depth of litter and duff under the crown of each tree was measured at a point that appeared to represent average depth. Bulk samples of litter (including duff) were taken under four pinyons and three junipers, and ovendried.

   • 1991, "Woody Fuel and Duff Consumption by Prescribed Fire in Northern Idaho Mixed Conifer Logging Slash" from the U.S. Department of Agriculture

     The moisture content of the deep pockets of rotten wood was much greater than of the litter-derived duff layer.

   • 1999, George RR Martin, A Clash of Kings, Bantam 2011, p. 366:

     Out under the trees, some rangers had found enough duff and dry wood to start a fire beneath a slanting ridge of slate.

   • 2006, Kathy Morey, Mike White, Stacey Corless, Sierra South: Backcountry Trips in Californias Sierra Nevada (page 250)

     The underfooting is mostly duff and sand, through alternating forest and meadow.

   • 2019, Nicola Twilley, "Trailblazers", The New Yorker

     Their task was to carry out a prescribed burn--a carefully controlled, low-intensity fire that clears duff and deadwood, reducing the risk of a catastrophic wildfire.

2. Coal dust, especially that left after screening or combined with other small, unsaleable bits of coal.
3. Fine and dry coal in small pieces, usually anthracite.
   • 1917, William Henry Fowler in The Mechanical Engineer

     The great bulk of the coal burnt under our boilers is duff of a very small size, and a mixed coal of duff, peas, and small nuts.

4. (Britain) A mixture of coal and rock.
5. (slang) The bits left in the bottom of the bag after the booty has been consumed, like crumbs.
6. Something spurious or fake; a counterfeit, a worthless thing.
7. (baseball, slang, 1800s) An error.

Adjective

duff (comparative duffer, superlative duffest)

1. (Britain) Worthless; not working properly, defective.

   Why do I always get a shopping trolley with duff wheels?

Synonyms

• (defective): bum (US)

Translations

Etymology 3

Origin uncertain; perhaps the same as Etymology 1, above.

Noun

duff (plural duffs)

1. (US, slang) The buttocks.

Translations

Etymology 4

Originally thieves' slang; probably a back-formation from duffer.

Verb

duff (third-person singular simple present duffs, present participle duffing, simple past and past participle duffed)

1. (slang, obsolete) To disguise something to make it look new.
2. (Australia) To alter the branding of stolen cattle; to steal cattle.
3. (Britain, slang, with "up") To beat up.

   I heard Nick got duffed up behind the shopping centre at the weekend.

4. (US, golf) To hit the ground behind the ball.

Related terms

• duffer

Etymology 5

Noun

duff (plural duffs)

1. Alternative form of daf (type of drum)

See also

• no duff
• up the duff

English

Etymology

From French litière, from lit (“bed”), from Latin lectus; confer Ancient Greek ??????? (léktron). Had the sense ‘bed’ in very early English, but then came to mean ‘portable couch’, ‘bedding’, ‘strewn rushes (for animals)’, etc.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /?l?t?(?)/
• (US) IPA^(key): /?l?t?/, [?l???]
• Rhymes: -?t?(r)
• Homophone: lidder (US)

Noun

litter (countable and uncountable, plural litters)

1. (countable) A platform mounted on two shafts, or a more elaborate construction, designed to be carried by two (or more) people to transport one (in luxury models sometimes more) third person(s) or (occasionally in the elaborate version) a cargo, such as a religious idol.
2. (collective, countable) The offspring of a mammal born in one birth.
3. (uncountable) Material used as bedding for animals.

4. (uncountable) Collectively, items discarded on the ground.
   • 1730, Jonathan Swift, s:The Lady's Dressing Room

     Strephon [...] / Stole in, and took a strict survey / Of all the litter as it lay.
5. (uncountable) Absorbent material used in an animal's litter tray

6. (uncountable) Layer of fallen leaves and similar organic matter in a forest floor.
7. A covering of straw for plants.

Synonyms

• (platform designed to carry a person or a load): palanquin, sedan chair, stretcher, cacolet
• (items discarded on the ground): waste, rubbish, garbage (US), trash (US), junk

Derived terms

Translations

Verb

litter (third-person singular simple present litters, present participle littering, simple past and past participle littered)

1. (intransitive) To drop or throw trash without properly disposing of it (as discarding in public areas rather than trash receptacles).

2. (transitive) To scatter carelessly about.
3. (transitive) To strew (a place) with scattered articles.
4. (transitive) To give birth to, used of animals.
5. (intransitive) To produce a litter of young.
6. (transitive) To supply (cattle etc.) with litter; to cover with litter, as the floor of a stall.
   • 1693, John Hacket, Scrinia reserata: a Memorial offered to the great Deservings of John Williams

     Tell them how they litter their jades.

   • For his ease, well litter'd was the floor.

7. (intransitive) To be supplied with litter as bedding; to sleep or make one's bed in litter.
   • 1634, William Habington, Castara

     The inn where he and his horse litter'd.

Derived terms

• litterer

Translations

Anagrams

• retilt, tilter, titler

Norman

Etymology

From Old French luitier, loitier, luiter (compare French lutter), from Vulgar Latin luct?re, from Latin luctor, luct?r? (“struggle, wrestle, fight”).

Verb

litter

1. (Jersey) to wrestle

Derived terms

• litteux (“wrestler”)