different between depression vs cave

English

Etymology

From Old French depression, from Latin depressio.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /d??p????n/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /d??p???(?)n/
• Rhymes: -???n
• Hyphenation: de?pres?sion

Noun

depression (countable and uncountable, plural depressions)

1. (psychology) In psychotherapy and psychiatry, a state of mind producing serious, long-term lowering of enjoyment of life or inability to visualize a happy future.

2. (geography) An area that is lower in topography than its surroundings.
3. (psychology) In psychotherapy and psychiatry, a period of unhappiness or low morale which lasts longer than several weeks and may include ideation of self-inflicted injury or suicide.
4. (meteorology) An area of lowered air pressure that generally brings moist weather, sometimes promoting hurricanes and tornadoes.
5. (economics) A period of major economic contraction.
6. (economics, US) Four consecutive quarters of negative, real GDP growth. See NBER.

7. The act of lowering or pressing something down.

   Depression of the lever starts the machine.

8. (biology, physiology) A lowering, in particular a reduction in a particular biological variable or the function of an organ, in contrast to elevation.

Related terms

• depress
• depressant
• depressing
• depressive

Translations

See also

• downturn

Further reading

• National Bureau of Economic Research on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

References

• depression at OneLook Dictionary Search
• depression in Keywords for Today: A 21st Century Vocabulary, edited by The Keywords Project, Colin MacCabe, Holly Yanacek, 2018.
• depression in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.

Anagrams

• opensiders, personised, sideperson

Danish

Noun

depression c (singular definite depressionen, plural indefinite depressioner)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Declension

Further reading

• “depression” in Den Danske Ordbog

Finnish

Noun

depression

1. Genitive singular form of depressio.

Swedish

Pronunciation

Noun

depression c

1. depression (all meanings).

Declension

English

Etymology 1

From Middle English, borrowed from Old French cave, from Latin cava (“cavity”), from cavus (“hollow”). Cognate with Tocharian B throat (kor), Albanian cup (“odd, uneven”), Ancient Greek ???? (kúar, “eye of needle, earhole”), Old Armenian ??? (sor, “hole”), Sanskrit ????? (??nya, “empty, barren, zero”). Displaced native Old English s?ræf.

Pronunciation

• enPR: k?v, IPA^(key): /ke?v/
• Rhymes: -e?v

Noun

cave (plural caves)

1. A large, naturally-occurring cavity formed underground or in the face of a cliff or a hillside.

2. A hole, depression, or gap in earth or rock, whether natural or man-made.
3. A storage cellar, especially for wine or cheese.

4. A place of retreat, such as a man cave.

5. (caving) A naturally-occurring cavity in bedrock which is large enough to be entered by an adult.

6. (nuclear physics) A shielded area where nuclear experiments can be carried out.
7. (drilling, uncountable) Debris, particularly broken rock, which falls into a drill hole and interferes with drilling.
8. (mining) A collapse or cave-in.
9. (figuratively, also slang) The vagina.
10. (slang, politics, often "Cave") A group that breaks from a larger political party or faction on a particular issue.
11. (obsolete) Any hollow place, or part; a cavity.
12. (programming) A code cave.

Synonyms

• earthhole

Derived terms

• cave dweller
• caveman
• cave painting
• cavewoman
• seacave

Translations

Verb

cave (third-person singular simple present caves, present participle caving, simple past and past participle caved)

1. To surrender.

2. To collapse.

3. To hollow out or undermine.

4. To engage in the recreational exploration of caves.

   Synonym: spelunk
5. (mining) In room-and-pillar mining, to extract a deposit of rock by breaking down a pillar which had been holding it in place.

6. (mining, obsolete) To work over tailings to dress small pieces of marketable ore.
7. (obsolete) To dwell in a cave.

Derived terms

• block caving
• cave in
• caver
• caving hammer

Translations

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Latin cav?, second-person singular present active imperative of cave? (“to beware”). Used at Eton College, Berkshire.

Pronunciation

• enPR: k??v?, IPA^(key): /?ke?vi/
  • Rhymes: -e?vi
• Homophone: cavy

Interjection

cave

1. (Britain, school slang) look out!; beware!

Synonyms

• heads up, look out, watch it, see also Thesaurus:heads up

Derived terms

• keep cave

Translations

Anagrams

• evac

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kav/

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin cavus (“concave; cavity”).

Adjective

cave (plural caves)

1. pitted
2. concave
3. cavernous

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Late Latin cava, substantivized form of Latin cava, feminine of the adjective cavus.

Noun

cave f (plural caves)

1. A cellar or basement.
2. (specifically) A wine cellar; or, a piece of furniture that serves the purpose of a wine cellar.
3. (by extension) A wine selection.
4. caves: An estate where wine grapes are grown or (especially) where wine is produced.
5. cave à liqueurs: A chest for the storage of liquors.

Derived terms

• cave à vin

Etymology 3

Probably from cavé, from the past participle of caver, a term used in games.

Noun

cave m (plural caves)

1. (Quebec, slang) An imbecile, a stupid person.

Anagrams

• avec

Further reading

• “cave” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Italian

Adjective

cave

1. feminine plural of cavo

Noun

cave f

1. plural of cava

Latin

Verb

cav?

1. second-person singular present imperative of cave?
   • 1st century AD, Petronius, Satyricon

     Cave canem.

     Beware of the dog.

Norman

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

cave f (plural caves)

1. (Jersey) cave, cellar

Portuguese

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -avi

Noun

cave m (plural caves)

1. cellar

Verb

cave

1. first-person singular present subjunctive of cavar
2. third-person singular present subjunctive of cavar
3. third-person singular imperative of cavar

Spanish

Verb

cave

1. First-person singular (yo) present subjunctive form of cavar.
2. Formal second-person singular (usted) present subjunctive form of cavar.
3. Third-person singular (él, ella, also used with usted^?) present subjunctive form of cavar.