different between fundamental vs indigenous

English

Alternative forms

• foundament (when used as a noun)

Etymology

From Late Latin fundament?lis, from Latin fundamentum (“foundation”), from fund? (“to lay the foundation (of something), to found”), from fundus (“bottom”), from Proto-Indo-European *b?ud?m?n.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?f?nd??m?nt?l/
• Hyphenation: fun?da?men?tal

Noun

fundamental (plural fundamentals)

1. (usually in the plural) A leading or primary principle, rule, law, or article, which serves as the groundwork of a system; an essential part

   one of the fundamentals of linear algebra

2. (physics) The lowest frequency of a periodic waveform.
3. (music) The lowest partial of a complex tone.

Translations

Adjective

fundamental (comparative more fundamental, superlative most fundamental)

1. Pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation.
2. Essential, as an element, principle, or law; important; original; elementary.

Synonyms

• groundlaying
• See also Thesaurus:bare-bones

Hyponyms

Derived terms

Related terms

Translations

Further reading

• fundamental in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• fundamental in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.

Danish

Etymology

From fundament +? -al.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /f?ndam?nta?l/, [f?nd?am?n?t?æ??l]

Adjective

fundamental

1. basic, fundamental

Inflection

Synonyms

• afgørende
• basal
• grundliggende, grundlæggende

Derived terms

• fundamentalisme
• fundamentalist

Galician

Etymology

From Latin fund?ment?lis.

Pronunciation

Adjective

fundamental m or f (plural fundamentais)

1. fundamental

Further reading

• “fundamental” in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega, Royal Galician Academy.

German

Etymology

From Latin fund?ment?lis; synchronically analyzable as Fundament +? -al.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /f?ndam?n?ta?l/
• Hyphenation: fun?da?men?tal

Adjective

fundamental (comparative fundamentaler, superlative am fundamentalsten)

1. fundamental

Declension

Synonyms

• grundlegend

Derived terms

• Fundamentalismus, Fundamentalist

Related terms

• Fundamentalerkenntnis, Fundamentalentscheidung, Fundamentalgesetz, Fundamentalsatz

Further reading

• “fundamental” in Duden online

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Latin fundamentalis

Adjective

fundamental (masculine and feminine fundamental, neuter fundamentalt, definite singular and plural fundamentale)

1. fundamental, basic

Related terms

• fundament

References

• “fundamental” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
• “fundamental” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Latin fundamentalis

Adjective

fundamental (masculine and feminine fundamental, neuter fundamentalt, definite singular and plural fundamentale)

1. fundamental, basic

Related terms

• fundament

References

• “fundamental” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Portuguese

Etymology

From Latin fund?ment?lis.

Pronunciation

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /?f?.da.m?.?taw/, /f?.?da.m?.?taw/
• Hyphenation: fun?da?men?tal

Adjective

fundamental m or f (plural fundamentais, comparable)

1. fundamental; essential (pertaining to the basic part or notion of something)

   Synonyms: essencial, básico

Derived terms

• fundamentalismo
• fundamentalista
• fundamentalmente

Further reading

• “fundamental” in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa.
• “fundamental” in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa.

Romanian

Etymology

From French fondamental, from Latin fundamentalis

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?fun.da.men?tal/

Adjective

fundamental m or n (feminine singular fundamental?, masculine plural fundamentali, feminine and neuter plural fundamentale)

1. fundamental

Declension

Related terms

References

• fundamental in DEX online - Dic?ionare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)

Spanish

Etymology

From Latin fund?ment?lis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /fundamen?tal/, [f?n?.d?a.m?n??t?al]
• Hyphenation: fun?da?men?tal

Adjective

fundamental (plural fundamentales)

1. fundamental

Derived terms

• fundamentalismo
• fundamentalista
• fundamentalmente
• interacción fundamental

Related terms

• fundamentar
• fundamento
• fundar

Further reading

• “fundamental” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.

Swedish

Adjective

fundamental (not comparable)

1. fundamental

Declension

References

• fundamental in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• fundamental in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin indigenus (“native, born in a country”), from indi- (indu-), an old derivative of in (“in”), gen- the root of gign? (“give birth to”), and English -ous. Compare indigene, Ancient Greek ????????? (endogen?s, “born in the house”), and the separately formed endogenous.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /?n?d?d??n?s/
• (General American) enPR: ?n-d?j??-n?s, ?n-d?j??-n?s, IPA^(key): /?n?d?d??n?s/, /?n?d?d??n?s/
• Rhymes: -?d??n?s, -?d??n?s
• Hyphenation: in?dig?e?nous

Adjective

indigenous (not comparable)

1. Born or originating in, native to a land or region, especially before an intrusion. [from 17th c.]
   • 1862, Henry David Thoreau, "Wild Apples: The History of the Apple Tree":

     Not only the Indian, but many indigenous insects, birds, and quadrupeds, welcomed the apple-tree to these shores.

   • 1997, Eduardo Galeano, Open Veins of Latin America: Five Centuries of the Pillage of a Continent, Monthly Review Press, page 17:

     Horses, like camels, had once been indigenous to Latin America but had become extinct.

   1. In particular, of or relating to a people (or their language or culture) that inhabited a region prior to the arrival of people of other cultures which became dominant (e.g., through colonialism), and which maintains a distinct culture.

2. Innate, inborn. [from 19th c.]
   • 1852, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Tom's Cabin, ch. 18:

     She was a native and essential cook, as much as Aunt Chloe,—cooking being an indigenous talent of the African race.

   • 1883, George MacDonald, "Stephen Archer" in Stephen Archer and Other Tales:

     He had all the tricks of a newspaper boy indigenous in him.

Usage notes

• Some style guides recommend capitalizing Indigenous in reference to the racial/ethnic/cultural category. (Lowercase indigenous has historically been more common.)

Synonyms

• (native): aboriginal, autochthonous, local; See also Thesaurus:native
• (innate, inborn): connatural, natural; See also Thesaurus:innate

Derived terms

Related terms

• indigena

Translations

References

References

• indigenous at OneLook Dictionary Search
• indigenous in Keywords for Today: A 21st Century Vocabulary, edited by The Keywords Project, Colin MacCabe, Holly Yanacek, 2018.
• indigenous in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.