different between department vs shard
department
English
Etymology
Borrowed from French département.
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /d??p??tm(?)nt/
- (General American) IPA(key): /d??p??tm?nt/
- Hyphenation: de?part?ment
Noun
department (plural departments)
- A part, portion, or subdivision.
- A distinct course of life, action, study, or the like.
- A specified aspect or quality.
- The 2012 Boston Marathon was outstanding in the temperature department; runners endured temperatures of no less than 88 degrees Fahrenheit.
- A subdivision of an organization.
- (often in proper names) One of the principal divisions of executive government
- the Treasury Department; the Department of Agriculture; police department
- (in a university) One of the divisions of instructions
- the physics department; the gender studies department
- (often in proper names) One of the principal divisions of executive government
- A territorial division; a district; especially, in France, one of the districts into which the country is divided for governmental purposes, similar to a county in the UK and in the USA. France is composed of 101 départements organized in 18 régions, each department is divided into arrondissements, in turn divided into cantons.
- 2002, Colin Jones, The Great Nation: France from Louis XV to the 1715-99, Penguin 2003, p. 427:
- The departments were the bricks from which the edifice of the nation was to be constructed.
- 2002, Colin Jones, The Great Nation: France from Louis XV to the 1715-99, Penguin 2003, p. 427:
- (historical) A military subdivision of a country
- (obsolete) Act of departing; departure.
- 1624, Henry Wotton, The Elements of Architecture
- sudden 'departments from one extreame to another
- 1624, Henry Wotton, The Elements of Architecture
Synonyms
- (distinct course): province, specialty
- (division of executive government): ministry
Derived terms
- departmental
- departmentally
- Department of Redundancy Department
- department store
- fire department
- interdepartmental
- police department
- state department
- trouser department
Translations
See also
- province
- state
department From the web:
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shard
English
Pronunciation
- (General Australian) IPA(key): /?a?d/
- (UK) IPA(key): /???d/
- (General American) IPA(key): /???d/
- Rhymes: -??(?)d
Etymology 1
From Middle English shard, scherd, scheard, schord, from Old English s?eard (“a broken piece; shard”), from Proto-Germanic *skard? (“notch; nick”), from *skardaz (“damaged; nicked; scarred”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut”). Akin to Scots schaird (“shard”), French écharde (“splinter”), Dutch schaarde (“tear; notch; fragment”), German Scharte (“notch”), Old Norse skarð (“notch, hack”) ( > Danish skår).
The database sense is perhaps derived from the online gaming sense or from SHARD (System for Highly Available Replicated Data), name of a 1980s database product.
Alternative forms
- sherd
Noun
shard (plural shards)
- A piece of broken glass or pottery, especially one found in an archaeological dig.
- Synonym: potsherd
- (by extension) A piece of material, especially rock and similar materials, reminding of a broken piece of glass or pottery.
- Synonym: splinter
- 2014, Paul Salopek, Blessed. Cursed. Claimed., National Geographic (December 2014)[2]
- Inside its exhibit hall, behind panes of glass, in a white-lit lab, a team of restorers works on an ancient Byzantine floor: 44 square yards of stone shards rescued from Lot’s Cave Monastery.
- A tough scale, sheath, or shell; especially an elytron of a beetle.
- (online gaming) An instance of an MMORPG that is one of several independent and structurally identical virtual worlds, none of which has so many players as to exhaust a system's resources.
- 1997, Ultima Online. The term "shard" is related to the backstory of the game, in which the Gem of Immortality is shattered by the Stranger, the protagonist of Ultima I.
- "The planet was still bound to the jewel's magic, even as it lay shattered upon the floor of Mondain's castle. For,[sic] within each shattered remnant of the jewel, dwelled a perfect likeness of Sosaria. Thus is the world in which you are born, live, and die. Brittania[sic], that was once Sosaria, now exists as a thousand worlds, each with its own peoples, history and destiny. This Brittania[sic] is but one of many in the multiverse that is... ...ULTIMA ONLINE." - Intro cinematic to the game, written by Michael Morlan [3]
- 1997, Ultima Online. The term "shard" is related to the backstory of the game, in which the Gem of Immortality is shattered by the Stranger, the protagonist of Ultima I.
- (databases) A component of a sharded distributed database.
- Synonym: partition
- (slang, in the singular or in the plural) A piece of crystal methamphetamine.
Derived terms
- potsherd
Translations
Verb
shard (third-person singular simple present shards, present participle sharding, simple past and past participle sharded)
- (intransitive) To fall apart into shards, usually as the result of impact or explosion.
- (transitive) To break (something) into shards.
- (online gaming, transitive) To divide (an MMORPG) into several shards, or to establish a shard of one.
Translations
References
- (pottery) Shard, in the Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, 1974 edition.
Etymology 2
Noun
shard (uncountable)
- The plant chard.
- 1684, John Dryden, “From Horace, Epode 2” in The Second Part of Miscellany Poems, London: Jacob Tonson, 4th edition, p. 79,[4]
- Not Heathpout, or the rarer Bird,
- Which Phasis, or Ionia yields,
- More pleasing Morsels would afford
- Than the fat Olives of my Fields;
- Than Shards or Mallows for the Pot,
- That keep the loosen’d Body sound,
- Or than the Lamb that falls by Lot,
- To the just Guardian of my Ground.
- 1684, John Dryden, “From Horace, Epode 2” in The Second Part of Miscellany Poems, London: Jacob Tonson, 4th edition, p. 79,[4]
Anagrams
- Dhars, Hards, hards
Middle English
Noun
shard
- Alternative form of scherd
shard From the web:
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