different between defile vs sophisticate
defile
English
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /d??fa?l/
- Rhymes: -a?l
Etymology 1
From Middle English defilen (“to make dirty”), alteration (due to Middle English defoulen, defoilen (“to trample, abuse”)) of Middle English befilen (“to befoul, to defile, to make foul”), from Old English bef?lan (“to befoul, defile”), from Proto-Germanic *bi- + *f?lijan? (“to defile, make filthy”). Equivalent to de- +? file. Cognate with Dutch bevuilen (“to defile, soil”). More at de-, file, be-, and foul.
Verb
defile (third-person singular simple present defiles, present participle defiling, simple past and past participle defiled)
- (transitive) To make unclean, dirty, or impure; soil; befoul.
- (transitive) To vandalize or add inappropriate contents to something considered sacred or special; desecrate
- (transitive) To deprive or ruin someone's (sexual) purity or chastity, often not consensually; stain; tarnish; mar; rape
Synonyms
- (make unclean): contaminate, pollute, spoil, sully; see also Thesaurus:dirty
- (vandalize something considered sacred): desecrate, profane; see also Thesaurus:desecrate
- (violate chastity of): ravish, violate, vitiate
Antonyms
- (make unclean): clean, purify; see also Thesaurus:make clean
- (vandalize something considered sacred): sanctify; see also Thesaurus:consecrate
Related terms
Translations
Etymology 2
Earlier defilee, from French défilé, from défiler (“to march past”), from file (“file”).
Noun
defile (plural defiles)
- A narrow way or passage, e.g. between mountains.
- 1958, Plutarch, Ian Scott-Kilvert (translator), "Life of Nicias" in Lives: The Fall of the Roman Republic
- The next morning the enemy were on the march before him, seized the defiles, blocked the fords of the rivers, destroyed the bridges, and sent out cavalry to patrol the open ground, so as to oppose the Athenians at every step as they retreated.
- 1958, Plutarch, Ian Scott-Kilvert (translator), "Life of Nicias" in Lives: The Fall of the Roman Republic
- A single file, such as of soldiers.
- The act of defilading a fortress, or of raising the exterior works in order to protect the interior.
Translations
See also
- glen
Verb
defile (third-person singular simple present defiles, present participle defiling, simple past and past participle defiled)
- (archaic, intransitive) To march in a single file; to file.
- 1979, Cormac McCarthy, Suttree, Random House, p.138:
- They defiled down a gully to the water and bunched and jerked their noses at it and came back.
- 1979, Cormac McCarthy, Suttree, Random House, p.138:
Translations
Anagrams
- e-filed
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
From French défilé.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /def?le?/
- Hyphenation: de?fi?le
Noun
defìl? m (Cyrillic spelling ???????)
- march-past
Declension
References
- “defile” in Hrvatski jezi?ni portal
defile From the web:
- what defiles a man
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- what defiles a person
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sophisticate
English
Etymology
attested about 1400 in the sense "make impure by admixture", from Medieval Latin sophisticatus, past participle of sophisticare (see sophistication). From about 1600 as "corrupt, delude by sophistry"; from 1796 as "deprive of simplicity". Related: sophisticated, sophisticating. As a noun meaning "sophisticated person" from 1921.
Pronunciation
- Noun and adjective:
- IPA(key): [s??f?st?k?t]
- Verb:
- IPA(key): [s??f?st?ke?t]
Noun
sophisticate (plural sophisticates)
- A worldly-wise person.
- 2001, SpongeBob SquarePants, episode Sailor Mouth, written by Walt Dohrn, Paul Tibbitt, and Merriwether Williams
- Patrick: Because classy sophisticates like us should not stain our lips with cursing.
- SpongeBob: Yea verily!
- 2001, SpongeBob SquarePants, episode Sailor Mouth, written by Walt Dohrn, Paul Tibbitt, and Merriwether Williams
Verb
sophisticate (third-person singular simple present sophisticates, present participle sophisticating, simple past and past participle sophisticated)
- (transitive) To make less natural or innocent.
- 1956–1960, R.S. Peters, The Concept of Motivation, Routledge & Kegan Paul (second edition, 1960), chapter ii: “Motives and Motivation”, page 38:
- Psychologists have developed quasi-causal theories to explain the directedness of behaviour, to answer the question ‘Why are certain sorts of reasons operative?’ and these theories may well have insinuated themselves into ordinary language as part of the meaning of “motive”. It might well be, therefore, that people who are slightly sophisticated by psychological theories assume some such necessary connexion [between giving the motive for an action and making any assertions of a causal kind about a man’s emotional state].
- 1956–1960, R.S. Peters, The Concept of Motivation, Routledge & Kegan Paul (second edition, 1960), chapter ii: “Motives and Motivation”, page 38:
- To practice sophistry; change the meaning of, or be vague about in order to mislead or deceive.
- 1791, Ann Radcliffe, The Romance of the Forest, Penguin 1999, p. 151:
- The benevolence of her heart taught her, in this instance, to sophisticate.
- 1829, Robert Southey, Sir Thomas More; or, Colloquies on the Progress and Prospects of Society
- to sophisticate the understanding
- December 1873, Matthew Arnold, "Bishop Butler and the Zeit-Geist" in The Contemporary Review Volume 27
- Yet Butler professes to stick to plain facts, not to sophisticate, not to refine.
- 1791, Ann Radcliffe, The Romance of the Forest, Penguin 1999, p. 151:
- (transitive) To alter and make impure, as with the intention to deceive.
- 1639, James Howell, "To my Lord Clifford, from Edenburgh" in Epistolæ Ho-Elianæ
- to mingle or sophisticate any Wine here
- 1678, John Dryden, Epilogue to Mithridates, King of Pontus by Nathaniel Lee
- They purchase but sophisticated ware.
- 1639, James Howell, "To my Lord Clifford, from Edenburgh" in Epistolæ Ho-Elianæ
- (transitive) To make more complex or refined.
Translations
Adjective
sophisticate (comparative more sophisticate, superlative most sophisticate)
- Not genuine; not pure; adulterated.
sophisticate From the web:
- what sophisticated mean
- what's sophisticated about elementary mathematics
- what sophisticated vocabulary mean
- what's sophisticated investor
- what sophisticated woman
- what's sophisticated thinking
- sophisticated meaning in arabic
- what sophisticated means in spanish
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