different between brute vs rat
brute
English
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation) enPR: bro?ot, IPA(key): /b?u?t/
- (General American) IPA(key): /b?ut/
- Rhymes: -u?t
Etymology 1
From Middle French brut, from Old French brut, from Latin br?tus (“dull, stupid, insensible”), an Oscan loanword, from Proto-Indo-European *g?réh?us (“heavy”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ????? (barús), Persian ????? (gerân) and Sanskrit ???? (gurú) (English guru).
Adjective
brute (comparative more brute, superlative most brute)
- Without reason or intelligence (of animals). [from 15th c.]
- Characteristic of unthinking animals; senseless, unreasoning (of humans). [from 16th c.]
- Unconnected with intelligence or thought; purely material, senseless. [from 16th c.]
- Crude, unpolished. [from 17th c.]
- Strong, blunt, and spontaneous.
- Brutal; cruel; fierce; ferocious; savage; pitiless.
Translations
Noun
brute (plural brutes)
- (archaic) An animal seen as being without human reason; a senseless beast. [from 17th c.]
- 1714, Bernard Mandeville, The Fable of the Bees:
- they laid before them how unbecoming it was the Dignity of such sublime Creatures to be sollicitous about gratifying those Appetites, which they had in common with Brutes, and at the same time unmindful of those higher qualities that gave them the preeminence over all visible Beings.
- 1946, Bertrand Russell, History of Western Philosophy, I.17:
- But if he lives badly, he will, in the next life, be a woman; if he (or she) persists in evil-doing, he (or she) will become a brute, and go on through transmigrations until at last reason conquers.
- 1714, Bernard Mandeville, The Fable of the Bees:
- A person with the characteristics of an unthinking animal; a coarse or brutal person. [from 17th c.]
- She was frankly disappointed. For some reason she had thought to discover a burglar of one or another accepted type—either a dashing cracksman in full-blown evening dress, lithe, polished, pantherish, or a common yegg, a red-eyed, unshaven burly brute in the rags and tatters of a tramp.
- (film, television) A kind of powerful spotlight.
- 1976, A. Arthur Englander, ?Paul Petzold, Filming for Television (page 191)
- For a scene like the Highgate exhumation night sequence suitable equipment would consist of: two brutes on Molevators, three 10 K lights also on Molevators and, for good measure, two 5 Ks, four 2 Ks, two pups (1000 W), two North lights […]
- 1976, A. Arthur Englander, ?Paul Petzold, Filming for Television (page 191)
- (archaic, Britain, Cambridge University slang) One who has not yet matriculated.
Derived terms
Translations
Verb
brute (third-person singular simple present brutes, present participle bruting, simple past and past participle bruted)
- (transitive) To shape (diamonds) by grinding them against each other.
Etymology 2
Verb
brute (third-person singular simple present brutes, present participle bruting, simple past and past participle bruted)
- Obsolete spelling of bruit
Anagrams
- Ubert, buret, rebut, tuber
Dutch
Pronunciation
Adjective
brute
- Inflected form of bruut
French
Adjective
brute
- feminine singular of brut
Noun
brute f (plural brutes)
- brute, an animal lacking in reason.
- An animal lacking in intelligence and sensibility.
- (By analogy) A person without reason.
- One who imposes his will on others using violence - a bully.
Further reading
- “brute” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Anagrams
- buter, rebut, tuber
Italian
Adjective
brute
- feminine plural of bruto
Anagrams
- turbe
Latin
Adjective
br?te
- vocative masculine singular of br?tus
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rat
English
Pronunciation
- enPR: r?t, IPA(key): /?æt/
- Rhymes: -æt
Etymology 1
From Middle English ratte, rat, rotte, from Old English rætt, as though from Proto-Germanic *rattaz, *ratt? (compare West Frisian rôt, Dutch rat), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *reh?d- (“to scrape, scratch, gnaw”); however, the rat was unknown in Northern Europe in antiquity, so if the Proto-Germanic word is real it must have referred to a different animal. Attestation of this family of words begins in the 12th century.
Some of the Germanic cognates show consonant variation, e.g. Middle Low German ratte, radde; Middle High German rate, ratte, ratze. The irregularity may be symptomatic of a late dispersal of the word, in which case it would not be old. Kroonen (2011) rather accounts for it with a Proto-Germanic stem *raþ? nom., *ruttaz gen., showing both ablaut and a Kluge's law alternation, with the variation arising from varying remodellings in the daughters. Kroonen's explanation requires a Proto-Indo-European etymon in final *t, and is hence incompatible with the usual derivation from Proto-Indo-European *reh?d- (“to scrape, scratch, gnaw”).
Noun
rat (plural rats)
- (zoology) A medium-sized rodent belonging to the genus Rattus.
- (informal) Any of the numerous members of several rodent families (e.g. voles and mice) that resemble true rats in appearance, usually having a pointy snout, a long, bare tail, and body length greater than about 12 cm, or 5 inches.
- (informal) A person who is known for betrayal; a scoundrel; a quisling.
- 1883, Robert Louis Stevenson, Treasure Island
- He’s more a man than any pair of rats of you in this here house.
- 1883, Robert Louis Stevenson, Treasure Island
- (informal) An informant or snitch.
- (informal) A scab: a worker who acts against trade union policies.
- (slang) A person who routinely spends time at a particular location.
- A wad of shed hair used as part of a hairstyle.
- A roll of material used to puff out the hair, which is turned over it.
- (Britain, north-west London, slang, vulgar) Vagina.
- (chiefly informal) Short for muskrat.
- 1910, L. W. Pierce, "Muskrats are fast disappearing", in Hunter-trader-trapper, page 70:
- The price of rats began to rise and soon after the marsh froze over, spearing rats began, which was done with a one tine three-eighths inch steel rod, with a wooden handle […]
- 1929, E. J. Dailey, in Hardings Magazine's Question Box, printed in Fur Fish Game, page 73:
- Where natural marshes, or natural foods are found, are best places for raising muskrats. Louisiana and other southern states raise millions of rats, but they do not bring as good prices as northern raised ones. Delaware and Maryland have famed marshes. Other states are becoming noted for muskrat raising, also.
- 1910, L. W. Pierce, "Muskrats are fast disappearing", in Hunter-trader-trapper, page 70:
Synonyms
- (person known for betrayal): traitor (see for more synonyms)
- (informer): stool pigeon
Derived terms
Translations
See also
- mouse
- rodent
Verb
rat (third-person singular simple present rats, present participle ratting, simple past and past participle ratted)
- (usually with “on” or “out”) To betray a person or party, especially by telling their secret to an authority or an enemy; to turn someone in.
- He ratted on his coworker.
- He is going to rat us out!
- (informal, intransitive) To work as a scab, going against trade union policies.
- (of a dog, etc.) To kill rats.
Synonyms
- (to betray someone to an authority): tell on, to finger or put the finger on, bewray
Translations
Etymology 2
From Middle English ratten, further etymology unknown. Compare Middle High German ratzen (“to scratch; rasp; tear”). Could be related to write. See also rit.
Noun
rat (plural rats)
- (regional) A scratch or a score.
- (nautical, regional) A place in the sea with rapid currents and crags where a ship is likely to be torn apart in stormy weather.
Verb
rat (third-person singular simple present rats, present participle ratting, simple past and past participle ratted)
- (regional) To scratch or score.
- (regional, rare, obsolete) To tear, rip, rend.
- Damn, drat, blast; used in oaths.
- 1904, Rafael Sabatini, The Tavern Knight, chapter XXVI:
- “But, rat me, sir,” cried Foster in bewilderment, “tis too generous—'pon honour it is. I can't consent to it. No, rat me, I can't.”
- 1904, Rafael Sabatini, The Tavern Knight, chapter XXVI:
Usage notes
The verb rat is rarely used in the second sense. In the sense to tear, rip, rend, the form to-rat is more common. Compare German zerreißen (“to rip up, tear, rend”).
References
- The Middle English Dictionary
- The English dialect dictionary
Etymology 3
Noun
rat (plural rats)
- (military, slang) A ration.
- 2014, John, Buffoon (page 243)
- With regards to the testing of his product, the initial blood analysis had come back confirming huge, distinctive nutritional superiority for Stewart's military ration pack. Given that the policy of the British Army is to be fully ready for war at the drop of a hat, he was sitting on the potential of supplying new rats for the entire army […]
- 2014, John, Buffoon (page 243)
Derived terms
- C-rat
Anagrams
- 'art, ART, ATR, Art, RTA, TAR, Tar, art, art., tar, tra
Catalan
Pronunciation
- (Balearic, Central, Valencian) IPA(key): /?rat/
- Rhymes: -at
Noun
rat m (plural rats)
- rat
- Synonym: rata
Further reading
- “rat” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “rat” in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana.
- “rat” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “rat” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Danish
Etymology
From Middle Low German rat (“wheel”), from Old Saxon rath.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /rat/, [???d?]
- Homophone: ret (except in some older speakers)
Noun
rat n (singular definite rattet, plural indefinite rat)
- wheel, steering wheel
Inflection
Dutch
Alternative forms
- rot (Northern Dutch, dialectal)
Etymology
From Middle Dutch ratte.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /r?t/
- Hyphenation: rat
- Rhymes: -?t
- Homophone: rad
Noun
rat f (plural ratten, diminutive ratje n)
- (zoology) A rat, medium-sized rodent belonging to the genus Rattus, or of certain other genera in the family Muridae.
- (informal) Any of the numerous, fairly large members of several rodent families that resemble true rats in appearance.
- (informal) A traitor; a scoundrel; a quisling.
- (informal) An informant or snitch.
- (informal) An urchin.
- (informal) A pauper; undesirable commoner.
- (slang) A watch.
Derived terms
- landrat
- rattenbeet
- rattengif
- rattenkoning
- rattenval
- rattenvanger
- rattenvergif
- rioolrat
- straatrat
- waterrat
- zwemrat
- animal species
- bisamrat
- bruine rat
- buidelrat
- muskusrat
- rattenbever
- rattenvlo
- woelrat
- woestijnrat
- zwarte rat
Descendants
- Afrikaans: rot
French
Etymology
From Middle French rat (“rat”), from Old French rat (“rat”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?a/
Noun
rat m (plural rats)
- rat
- (informal) sweetheart
- scrooch
Derived terms
Related terms
- raton
- rate
- rat d'hôtel
- rater
Further reading
- “rat” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Anagrams
- art
Indonesian
Etymology
From Javanese rat (???), from Sanskrit ?? (ratha, “chariot, wagon, body”). See Yana (Buddhism) in Wikipedia for more information.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [?rat??]
- Hyphenation: rat
Noun
rat (first-person possessive ratku, second-person possessive ratmu, third-person possessive ratnya)
- (archaic) world
- Synonyms: alam, dunia, jagat
Further reading
- “rat” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) Daring, Jakarta: Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, 2016.
Kalasha
Etymology
From Sanskrit ?????? (r?tri). Cognate with Hindi ??? (r?t).
Noun
rat (Arabic ????)
- night
Middle Dutch
Etymology 1
From Old Dutch *rath, from Proto-Germanic *raþ?, from Proto-Indo-European *Hret-.
Noun
rat n
- wheel
- Synonym: wiel
Inflection
This noun needs an inflection-table template.
Descendants
- Dutch: rad
- Limburgish: raad
Etymology 2
From Old Dutch *rath, from Proto-Germanic *raþaz, from Proto-Indo-European *Hret-.
Adjective
rat
- fast, quick
Inflection
This adjective needs an inflection-table template.
Descendants
- Dutch: rad
Further reading
- “rat”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929) , “rat (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, ?ISBN, page I
- Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929) , “rat (III)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, ?ISBN, page III
Middle English
Noun
rat
- Alternative form of ratte
Norman
Etymology
From Old French rat (“rat”).
Noun
rat m (plural rats)
- (Jersey, Guernsey) rat
Derived terms
Occitan
Noun
rat m (plural rats)
- (Rattus rattus) black rat
Synonyms
- garri
Derived terms
Related terms
- rata
References
Old French
Etymology
Of Germanic origin, from Old High German rato (“rat”) or Frankish *rato (“rat”).
Noun
rat m (oblique plural raz or ratz, nominative singular raz or ratz, nominative plural rat)
- rat (rodent)
Descendants
- French: rat
- Norman: rat
References
Bratchet, A. (1873) , “rat”, in Kitchin, G. W., transl., Etymological dictionary of the French language (Clarendon Press Series), 1st edition, London: Oxford/MacMillan and Co.
Romani
Etymology
From Sanskrit ???? (rakta, “blood”). Cognate with dialectal Hindi ??? (r?t) and Punjabi ??? (ratta).
Noun
rat m (plural rat)
- blood
Romansch
Etymology
From Frankish *rato (“rat”).
Noun
rat m (plural rats)
- (Surmiran) rat
Synonyms
- ratung
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *ort?, from the o-grade of Proto-Indo-European *h?er- (“to rise, to attack”), cognate to Ancient Greek ???? (éris, “quarrel, strife”), Sanskrit ??? (?ti, “assault”) and Proto-Germanic *ernustuz (“struggle, fight”)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /rât/
Noun
r?t m (Cyrillic spelling ????)
- war
Declension
Synonyms
- vojna
Torres Strait Creole
Etymology
From English rat.
Noun
rat
- rat or mouse
Synonyms
- mukeis (eastern dialect)
Volapük
Etymology
Borrowed from English rat.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [?at]
Noun
rat (nominative plural rats)
- rat (rodent of the family Muridae)
Declension
Hypernyms
- nim
- sügaf
- süganim
- tuetaf
- tuetanim
Hyponyms
- ratil
- ratül
Derived terms
See also
- mug
- yat
Westrobothnian
Etymology
Cognate to Icelandic hrat n.
Noun
rat n
- garbage, waste, in forest lying twigs, rotten trees and stumps
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