different between deduction vs presumption

English

Etymology

From Middle French déduction, from Latin deductio

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /d??d?k??n/, /d??d?k??n/
• (US) IPA^(key): /d??d?k??n/
• Rhymes: -?k??n

Noun

deduction (countable and uncountable, plural deductions)

1. That which is deducted; that which is subtracted or removed
2. A sum that can be removed from tax calculations; something that is written off

   You might want to donate the old junk and just take the deduction.

3. (logic) A process of reasoning that moves from the general to the specific, in which a conclusion follows necessarily from the premises presented, so that the conclusion cannot be false if the premises are true.

   Antonym: induction

4. A conclusion; that which is deduced, concluded or figured out

   He arrived at the deduction that the butler didn't do it.

5. The ability or skill to deduce or figure out; the power of reason

   Through his powers of deduction, he realized that the plan would never work.

Synonyms

• (that which is subtracted or removed): extract, reduction; See also Thesaurus:decrement

Translations

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Middle French presumption, from Old French presumption, from Late Latin praesumpti?nem, accusative singular of Latin praesumpti?.

Noun

presumption (countable and uncountable, plural presumptions)

1. the act of presuming, or something presumed
2. the belief of something based upon reasonable evidence, or upon something known to be true
3. the condition upon which something is presumed
4. (dated) arrogant behaviour; the act of venturing beyond due bounds of reverence or respect
5. (law) An inference that a trier of fact is either permitted or required to draw under certain factual circumstances (as prescribed by statute or case law) unless the party against whom the inference is drawn is able to rebut it with admissible, competent evidence.
   • Bandini Petroleum Co. v. Superior Court, 284 U.S. 8, 18–19 (1931)

     The state, in the exercise of its general power to prescribe rules of evidence, may provide that proof of a particular fact, or of several facts taken collectively, shall be prima facie evidence of another fact when there is some rational connection between the fact proved and the ultimate fact presumed. The legislative presumption is invalid when it is entirely arbitrary, or creates an invidious discrimination, or operates to deprive a party of a reasonable opportunity to present the pertinent facts in his defense.

Synonyms

• overhope

Translations

Middle French

Noun

presumption f (plural presumptions)

1. assumption

Descendants

• French: présomption

References

• presomption on Dictionnaire du Moyen Français (1330–1500) (in French)

Old French

Etymology

First known attestation circa 1180 in Anglo-Norman as presumpsion. Borrowed from Latin praesumpti?.

Noun

presumption f (oblique plural presumptions, nominative singular presumption, nominative plural presumptions)

1. (often law) presumption (something which is presumed)

Descendants

• ? English: presumption
• French: présomption

References

• Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l'ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IX^e au XV^e siècle (1881) (presumpcion, supplement)