different between culture vs chastisement

English

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Alternative forms

• kulcha

Etymology

From Middle French culture (“cultivation; culture”), from Latin cult?ra (“cultivation; culture”), from cultus, perfect passive participle of col? (“till, cultivate, worship”) (related to col?nus and col?nia), from Proto-Indo-European *k?el- (“to move; to turn (around)”).

Pronunciation

• (General American) IPA^(key): /?k?lt???/
• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /?k?lt???/

Noun

culture (countable and uncountable, plural cultures)

1. The arts, customs, lifestyles, background, and habits that characterize a particular society or nation.
2. The beliefs, values, behaviour and material objects that constitute a people's way of life.
3. The conventional conducts and ideologies of a community; the system comprising of the accepted norms and values of a society.
4. (anthropology) Any knowledge passed from one generation to the next, not necessarily with respect to human beings.
5. (botany) Cultivation.
   • http://counties.cce.cornell.edu/suffolk/grownet/flowers/sprgbulb.htm

     The Culture of Spring-Flowering Bulbs

6. (microbiology) The process of growing a bacterial or other biological entity in an artificial medium.
7. The growth thus produced.

8. A group of bacteria.
9. (cartography) The details on a map that do not represent natural features of the area delineated, such as names and the symbols for towns, roads, meridians, and parallels.
10. (archaeology) A recurring assemblage of artifacts from a specific time and place that may constitute the material culture remains of a particular past human society.

Derived terms

Related terms

• agriculture

Translations

Verb

culture (third-person singular simple present cultures, present participle culturing, simple past and past participle cultured)

1. (transitive) to maintain in an environment suitable for growth (especially of bacteria) (compare cultivate)
2. (transitive) to increase the artistic or scientific interest (in something) (compare cultivate)

Related terms

Translations

References

• culture at OneLook Dictionary Search
• culture in Keywords for Today: A 21st Century Vocabulary, edited by The Keywords Project, Colin MacCabe, Holly Yanacek, 2018.
• "culture" in Raymond Williams, Keywords (revised), 1983, Fontana Press, page 87.
• culture in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.

French

Etymology

From Latin cult?ra (“cultivation; culture”), from cultus, perfect passive participle of col? (“till, cultivate, worship”), from Proto-Indo-European *k?el- (“to move; to turn (around)”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kyl.ty?/

Noun

culture f (plural cultures)

1. crop
2. culture (“arts, customs and habits”)

Derived terms

Further reading

• “culture” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Friulian

Noun

culture f (plural culturis)

1. culture

Related terms

• culturâl

Italian

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -ure

Noun

culture f

1. plural of cultura

Latin

Participle

cult?re

1. vocative masculine singular of cult?rus

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kul?tu?e/, [kul??t?u.?e]

Verb

culture

1. Formal second-person singular (usted) imperative form of culturar.
2. First-person singular (yo) present subjunctive form of culturar.
3. Formal second-person singular (usted) present subjunctive form of culturar.
4. Third-person singular (él, ella, also used with usted^?) present subjunctive form of culturar.

English

Alternative forms

• chastizement

Etymology

Old French chastiement, from the verb chastier, from Latin cast?g?

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?t?æst?zm?nt/, /?t?æst?zm?nt/, /t?æ?sta?zm?nt/

Noun

chastisement (countable and uncountable, plural chastisements)

1. The act of chastising; rebuke; punishment.
   • c. 1597, William Shakespeare, Henry IV, Part 2, Act IV, Scene 1,^[1]

     Besides, the King hath wasted all his rods

     On late offenders, that he now doth lack

     The very instruments of chastisement;

     So that his power, like to a fangless lion,

     May offer, but not hold.

   • 1611, King James Version of the Bible, Isaiah 53:5,^[2]

     But he was wounded for our transgressions, he was bruised for our iniquities: the chastisement of our peace was upon him; and with his stripes we are healed.

   • 1820, Washington Irving, “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow,”^[3]

     All this he called “doing his duty by their parents;” and he never inflicted a chastisement without following it by the assurance, so consolatory to the smarting urchin, that “he would remember it and thank him for it the longest day he had to live.”

   • 1886, Robert Louis Stevenson, Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, Henry Jekyll’s Full Statement of the Case,^[4]

     Into the details of the infamy at which I thus connived (for even now I can scarce grant that I committed it) I have no design of entering; I mean but to point out the warnings and the successive steps with which my chastisement approached.

   • 1929, Winston Churchill, Hansard, 24 December, 1929,^[5]

     It seems to me that as he does not respond to this extremely conciliatory treatment it may be well to try whether a change of treatment might not produce a more satisfactory result. If praise and courtesy only result in narrow, bitter partisanship, perhaps a little well-merited chastisement may procure some geniality.

Derived terms

• self-chastisement

Translations