different between complement vs gratis

English

Etymology

From Middle English complement, from Latin complementum (“that which fills up or completes”), from comple? (“I fill up, I complete”) (English complete). Doublet of compliment.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /?k?mpl?m?nt/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /?k?mpl?m?nt/
• Homophone: compliment (in some dialects)

Noun

complement (countable and uncountable, plural complements)

1. (now rare) Something (or someone) that completes; the consummation. [from 14th c.]
   • :

     perform all those works of mercy, which Clemens Alexandrinus calls amoris et amicitiæ impletionem et extentionem, the extent and complement of love […].

2. (obsolete) The act of completing something, or the fact of being complete; completion, completeness, fulfilment. [15th-18th c.]
   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, III.5:

     And both encreast the prayse of woman kynde, / And both encreast her beautie excellent: / So all did make in her a perfect complement.

3. The totality, the full amount or number which completes something. [from 16th c.]
   • 1851, Herman Melville, Moby-Dick:

     Queequeg sought a passage to Christian lands. But the ship, having her full complement of seamen, spurned his suit; and not all the King his father's influence could prevail.

   • 2009, The Guardian, 30 October:

     Some 11 members of Somerton council's complement of 15 stepped down on Tuesday.

4. (obsolete) Something which completes one's equipment, dress etc.; an accessory. [16th-17th c.]
   • 1591, Edmund Spenser, “The Teares of the Muses [The Tears of the Muses]: Polyhymnia”:

     A doleful case desires a doleful song,

     Without vain art or curious complements.

   • c. 1599, William Shakespeare, The Life of Henry the Fifth, Act 2, Scene 2:

     Garnish'd and deck'd in modest complement,
5. (nautical) The whole working force of a vessel.
6. (heraldry) Fullness (of the moon). [from 17th c.]
   • 1912, Allen Phoebe, Peeps at Heraldry, p.33:

     The sixth Bishop of Ely had very curious arms, for he bore both sun and moon on his shield, the sun "in his splendour" and the moon "in her complement".

7. (astronomy, geometry) An angle which, together with a given angle, makes a right angle. [from 18th c.]
8. Something which completes, something which combines with something else to make up a complete whole; loosely, something perceived to be a harmonious or desirable partner or addition. [from 19th c.]
   • 1854, James Stephen, On Desultory and Systematic Reading

     History is the complement of poetry.

   • 2009, The Guardian, 13 December:

     London's Kings Place, now one year old, established itself as a venue for imaginative programming, a complement to the evergreen Wigmore Hall.

9. (grammar) A word or group of words that completes a grammatical construction in the predicate and that describes or is identified with the subject or object. [from 19th c.]

   • Why has our grammar broken down at this point? It is not difficult to see why. For, we have failed to make any provision for the fact that only some Verbs in English (i.e. Verbs like those italicized in (5) (a), traditionally called Transitive Verbs) subcategorize ( = ‘take?) an immediately following NP Complement, whereas others (such as those italicised in (5) (b), traditionally referred to as Intransitive Verbs) do not.

10. (music) An interval which, together with the given interval, makes an octave. [from 19th c.]
11. (optics) The color which, when mixed with the given color, gives black (for mixing pigments) or white (for mixing light). [from 19th c.]

12. (set theory) Given two sets, the set containing one set's elements that are not members of the other set (whether a relative complement or an absolute complement). [from 20th c.]

13. (immunology) One of several blood proteins that work with antibodies during an immune response. [from 20th c.]
15. (logic) An expression related to some other expression such that it is true under the same conditions that make other false, and vice versa. [from 20th c.]
16. (electronics) A voltage level with the opposite logical sense to the given one.
17. (computing) A bit with the opposite value to the given one; the logical complement of a number.
18. (computing, mathematics) The diminished radix complement of a number; the nines' complement of a decimal number; the ones' complement of a binary number.

19. (computing, mathematics) The radix complement of a number; the two's complement of a binary number.

20. (computing, mathematics) The numeric complement of a number.

21. (genetics) A nucleotide sequence in which each base is replaced by the complementary base of the given sequence: adenine (A) by thymine (T) or uracil (U), cytosine (C) by guanine (G), and vice versa.

22. Obsolete spelling or misspelling of compliment.
23. (biochemistry) Synonym of alexin
24. (economics) Abbreviation of complementary good.

Related terms

Translations

Verb

complement (third-person singular simple present complements, present participle complementing, simple past and past participle complemented)

1. To complete, to bring to perfection, to make whole.

2. To provide what the partner lacks and lack what the partner provides, thus forming part of a whole.

3. To change a voltage, number, color, etc. to its complement.
4. (obsolete) Old form of compliment

Translations

See also

• compliment
• invert
• inversion
• negate
• negation
• supplement

References

• DeLone et. al. (Eds.) (1975). Aspects of Twentieth-Century Music. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. ?ISBN.

Catalan

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin compl?mentum. Cf. also compliment.

Pronunciation

• (Balearic) IPA^(key): /kom.pl??ment/
• (Central) IPA^(key): /kum.pl??men/
• (Valencian) IPA^(key): /kom.ple?ment/

Noun

complement m (plural complements)

1. complement

Related terms

• complir

Romanian

Etymology

From French complementum

Noun

complement n (plural complemente)

1. complementum

Declension

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin gratis.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /?????.t?s/
• (US) IPA^(key): /???æt?s/

Adjective

gratis (not comparable)

1. Free, without charge.

   Synonym: (used in the free software movement to distinguish from libre, "free as in speech") free as in beer

Translations

Adverb

gratis (not comparable)

1. Free, without charge.

Related terms

• gratuity
• gratuitous

Translations

See also

• libre

Anagrams

• striga, trigas

Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch gratis, from Latin gr?t?s, contraction of gr?ti?s.

Adverb

gratis

1. free, without charge

Catalan

Pronunciation

• (Balearic, Central, Valencian) IPA^(key): /???a.tis/

Etymology 1

From Latin gr?t?s.

Adverb

gratis

1. free, for free

   Synonyms: de franc, gratuïtament

Etymology 2

Verb

gratis

1. second-person singular present subjunctive form of gratar

Further reading

• “gratis” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

Danish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?ra?tis/, [??????d?is]

Adjective

gratis (neuter gratis, plural and definite singular attributive gratis)

1. gratis, free (obtainable without payment)

Adverb

gratis

1. gratis, free (without needing to pay)

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin gr?t?s, contraction of gr?ti?s.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??ra?t?s/
• Hyphenation: gra?tis

Adjective

gratis (not comparable)

1. free, without charge

   Synonym: kosteloos

Inflection

Descendants

• Afrikaans: gratis
• ? Indonesian: gratis
• ? Javanese: ??????? (gratis)

Adverb

gratis

1. free, without charge

   Synonym: kosteloos

Esperanto

Verb

gratis

1. past of grati

French

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin gr?t?s.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??a.tis/

Adverb

gratis

1. free, without charge, gratis

Synonyms

• gratuitement

Adjective

gratis (invariable)

1. free; for free, without charge

Synonyms

• gratuit

Further reading

• “gratis” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Galician

Etymology

From Latin gratis

Adjective

gratis m or f singular & plural

1. free, without charge

Synonyms

• gratuíto

Adverb

gratis

1. free, without charge

Synonyms

• gratuitamente

German

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /???a?t?s/

Adverb

gratis

1. free, without charge

Synonyms

• umsonst
• kostenlos
• kostenfrei

Further reading

• “gratis” in Duden online

Indonesian

Etymology

From Dutch gratis, from Latin gr?t?s, contraction of gr?ti?s.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [??rat?s]
• Hyphenation: gra?tis

Adjective

gratis

1. free, without charge

   Synonyms: cuma-cuma, percuma

Derived terms

• gratisan
• menggratiskan

Further reading

• “gratis” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) Daring, Jakarta: Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, 2016.

Italian

Etymology

From Latin gratis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??ra.tis/

Adverb

gratis

1. gratis, free

   Synonym: gratuitamente

Adjective

gratis (invariable)

1. free

   Synonym: gratuito

Further reading

• gratis in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Anagrams

• stragi

Latin

Etymology

Contracted from gr?ti?s.

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /??ra?.ti?s/, [??rä?t?i?s?]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /??ra.tis/, [??r??t?is]

Adverb

gr?t?s (not comparable)

1. out of favor or kindness, without recompense or compensation, gratuitously

Synonyms

• gr?tu?t?

Related terms

Descendants

References

• gratis in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
• gratis in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• gratis in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• gratis in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
• Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book?^[2], London: Macmillan and Co.

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Latin gratiis

Adjective

gratis (indeclinable)

1. free (obtainable without payment)

Derived terms

• gratisavis

References

• “gratis” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Latin gratiis

Adjective

gratis (indeclinable)

1. free (obtainable without payment)

Derived terms

• gratisavis

References

• “gratis” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Polish

Etymology

From Latin gratis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??ra.tis/

Noun

gratis m inan

1. perquisite, free gift

Declension

Adverb

gratis (not comparable)

1. gratis, free of charge

   Synonyms: bezp?atnie, darmo, darmowo, gratisowo, nieodp?atnie, za darmo

Derived terms

• (adjective) gratisowy
• (adverb) gratisowo

Further reading

• gratis in Wielki s?ownik j?zyka polskiego, Instytut J?zyka Polskiego PAN
• gratis in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin gratis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [??ra.tis]

Adverb

gratis

1. free of charge, for free

Adjective

gratis m or f or n (indeclinable)

1. free of charge, for free

Declension

Spanish

Etymology

From Latin gr?t?s.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /???atis/, [???a.t?is]

Adjective

gratis (invariable)

1. free, without charge

   Synonym: gratuito

Derived terms

• de gratis

Adverb

gratis

1. free, without charge

   Synonym: gratuitamente

Swedish

Pronunciation

Adverb

gratis (not comparable)

1. free, without charge

Adjective

gratis (not inflected, not comparable)

1. free, without charge

Anagrams

• girats, stigar, trasig