different between cod vs sardine

English

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /k?d/
• (US) IPA^(key): /k?d/
• Rhymes: -?d
• (in General American): Rhymes: -??d
• Homophone: cawed (in accents with the cot-caught merger)

Etymology 1

From Middle English cod, codde, from Old English cod, codd (“bag, pouch”), from Proto-Germanic *kuddô, from Proto-Indo-European *gewt- (“pouch, sack”), from *gew-, *g?- (“to bend, bow, arch, vault, curve”). Cognate with Scots cod, codd, coad, kod (“pillow, cushion”), Low German Koden, Kon (“belly, paunch”), Middle Dutch codde (“scrotum”), Danish kodde (“testicle”), Swedish kudde (“cushion”), Faroese koddi (“pillow”), Icelandic koddi (“pillow”).

Noun

cod (plural cods)

1. (obsolete) A small bag or pouch.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Halliwell to this entry?)

2. (Britain, obsolete) A husk or integument; a pod.
   • 1526, William Tyndale, trans. Bible, Luke XV:

     And he wolde fayne have filled his bely with the coddes, that the swyne ate: and noo man gave hym.
3. (now rare) The scrotum (also in plural).

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Dunglison to this entry?)

4. (obsolete or Britain dialectal, Scotland) A pillow or cushion.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Halliwell to this entry?)

Derived terms

• codpiece

Translations

Etymology 2

From Middle English cod, codde, of uncertain origin:

• Oldest English form cotfich as a surname in the 13th century; for more see cot (“chamber, cottage”).
• Same as Etymology 1, above; a bag or pouch, related to its bloated shape.
• From Latin gadus, from Ancient Greek ????? (gádos, “fish”) with a possible pre-Greek or Semitic origin; for more see Atargatis, Cetus, and ????? (kêtos).

Noun

cod (usually uncountable, plural cod or cods)

1. The Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua.
2. The sea fish of the genus Gadus generally, as inclusive of the Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) and Greenland cod (Gadus ogac or Gadus macrocephalus ogac).
3. The sea fish of the family Gadidae which are sold as "cod", as haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) and whiting (usually Merlangius merlangus).
4. (informal, usually with qualifiers) Other unrelated fish which are similarly important to regional fisheries, as the hapuku and cultus cod.
5. (informal, usually with qualifiers) Other unrelated fish which resemble the Atlantic cod, as the rock cod (Lotella rhacina) and blue cod (Parapercis colias).

Usage notes

The term Atlantic cod is now used where it is desired to distinguish the other members of Gadus or the Gadidae. Similar qualifiers are used to distinguish the other members, as well as the unrelated fish in the term's other senses. The plural form cod has become more common than the form cods.

Synonyms

• (Atlantic cod): milwell (many variants), Scotch cod, common cod
• (other Gadus spp., esp. Pacific cod): gray cod, grey cod, grayfish, greyfish; (Greenland cod) ogac
• (unrelated fish marketed as cod): haddock, whiting
• (similarly important local species): hapuku
• (unrelated similar species): rock cod, rockcod, beardie (Lotella rhacina); cod icefish (the Nototheniidae); marbled rockcod (Notothenia rossii); emerald rockcod (Trematomus bernacchii); honeycomb rockcod, dwarf spotted rockcod (Epinephelus merra), Maori cod, Magellanic rockcod, blue notothenia, orange throat notothen (Paranotothenia magellanica), brown spotted reef cod, brownspotted grouper (Epinephelus chlorostigma), red rock cod, vermilion rockcod (Scorpaena papillosa); red snapper (Lutjanus spp.); vermilion seaperch, vermilion rockfish (Sebastes miniatus); grouper (the Serranidae); thornyhead (Sebastidae)

Hypernyms

• Anacanthini
• demersal
• Gadiformes
• whitefish

Hyponyms

• (young): codling
• (small, obsolete): morhwell
• (consumed codlings): scrod
• (air-dried, unsalted): stockfish
• (freshly-salted): greenfish, green fish, green cod, white cod
• (dried & salted): clipfish, salt cod, dry cod, ling, haberdine
• (cured in lye): lutefisk
• (pancakes): bacalaito

Derived terms

Translations

Etymology 3

Origin unknown. Attested in reference to a person (though not always a stupid or foolish person) from the end of the 17th century. The Oxford English Dictionary (1891) notes that a suggested link to codger is unlikely, as cod appears much earlier.

Noun

cod (plural cods)

1. A joke or an imitation.

2. A stupid or foolish person.

Adjective

cod (comparative more cod, superlative most cod)

1. Having the character of imitation; jocular. (now usually attributive, forming mostly compound adjectives).
2. (Polari) Bad.

Synonyms

• (imitation): faux, mock
• (bad): See Thesaurus:bad

Antonyms

• (bad): bona (Polari)
• (bad): See Thesaurus:bad

Derived terms

• (bad): cody, coddy (“bad, amateurish”)

Translations

Verb

cod (third-person singular simple present cods, present participle codding, simple past and past participle codded)

1. (slang, transitive, dialectal) To attempt to deceive or confuse.

See also

• codswallop

Anagrams

• CDO, DOC, Doc, OCD, ODC, doc, doc.

Middle English

Etymology 1

From Old English codd (“bag, pouch”), from Proto-Germanic *kuddô, from Proto-Indo-European *gewt- (“pouch, sack”), from *gew-, *g?- (“to bend, bow, arch, vault, curve”). The "pillow" sense is from Old Danish kodde or Old Norse koddi, from the same Proto-Germanic source.

Alternative forms

• codde, kode, code

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?k?d(?)/

Noun

cod (plural coddes)

2. A seedpod; a plant's natural casing for its seeds.
3. A scrotum, ballsack; a case for the testicles.
4. A pillow or cushion; a piece of cushioning.
5. (rare) A sack or pouch; a case for items.
6. (rare) The gullet, windpipe or esophagus.
7. (rare) The chest or stomach region.
8. (rare) A ball bearing; a metal ball acting to cushion.

Derived terms

• pesecod

Descendants

• English: cod
• Scots: cod

References

• “cod, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2019-04-30.

Etymology 2

Unknown; see English cod.

Alternative forms

• codde, kotde

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /k?d/

Noun

cod (plural coddes)

2. cod, codfish

Descendants

• English: cod

References

• “cod, n.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2019-04-30.

Romanian

Etymology 1

From French code.

Noun

cod n (plural coduri)

1. code

Declension

Etymology 2

From English cod.

Noun

cod m (plural cozi)

1. (zoology) cod

Declension

Scots

Alternative forms

• codd, coad, kod

Etymology

From Middle English cod, from Old English codd (“bag, pouch”), from Proto-Germanic *kuddô. The "pillow" sense is from Old Danish kodde or Old Norse koddi, from the same Proto-Germanic source.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /k?d/

Noun

cod (plural cods)

1. A pillow or cushion.
2. A seedpod; a plant's natural casing for its seeds.

Welsh

Etymology

From English code

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ko?d/

Noun

cod m (plural codau)

1. code

Derived terms

• amgodio (“to encode”)
• cod agored (“open source”)
• cod bar (“barcode”)
• cod ffynhonnell (“source code”)
• cod genynnol (“genetic code”)
• cod gwisg (“dress code”)
• Cod Penyd (“Penal Code”)
• cod post (“postcode”)
• cod lliwiau (“colour code”)
• cod moesol (“moral code”)
• cod nodau (“character code”)
• cod ymarfer (“code of practice”)
• cod ymddygiad (“code of conduct”)
• codio (“to code”)
• codydd (“coder”)

Mutation

References

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present) , “cod”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

English

Etymology

Borrowed from French sardine (compare Spanish sardina, Italian sardina), Latin sardina; from Ancient Greek ??????? (sardín?).

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /s???di?n/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /s???din/
• Rhymes: -i?n

Noun

sardine (plural sardines)

1. Any one of several species of small herring which are commonly preserved in olive oil or in tins for food, especially the pilchard, or European sardine Sardina pilchardus (syn. Clupea pilchardus). The California sardine Sardinops sagax (syn. Clupea sagax) is similar. The American sardines of the Atlantic coast are mostly the young of the Atlantic herring and of the menhaden.
2. (obsolete) carnelian

   • And he that sat was to look upon like a jasper and a sardine stone: and there was a rainbow round about the throne, in sight like unto an emerald.

3. (figuratively) Someone packed or crammed into a small space.

Derived terms

• sardinelike
• sardiner

Translations

Verb

sardine (third-person singular simple present sardines, present participle sardining, simple past and past participle sardined)

1. to fish for sardines
2. to pack or cram together tightly.
   • 1986, The New Yorker - Volumen 62,

     Would it be unbearably elitist to suggest that they would be more enjoyable still if the director removed a row or two of chairs, instead of sardining as many listeners as possible into the intimate music room?

Anagrams

• Arnside, Draines, Draisen, derains, draines, indears, randies, reads in, sandier

Dutch

Alternative forms

• sardien

Etymology

From Middle Dutch sardeyne, sardayne, sardine, from Latin sardina.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?s?r?di.n?/, /s?r?din/
• Hyphenation: sar?di?ne
• Rhymes: -in?, -in

Noun

sardine f (plural sardines, diminutive sardinetje n)

1. sardine, fish of the family Clupeidae

Derived terms

• sardineblik

Descendants

• Afrikaans: sardyn, sardien

French

Etymology

From Latin sardina.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sa?.din/

Noun

sardine f (plural sardines)

1. sardine, pilchard
   • 1788, Jean-Jacques_Barthélemy, Voyage du jeune Anacharsis en Grèce

     Les sardines sont ailleurs l'aliment du peuple ; celles que nous prenons aux environs de Phalère mériteraient d'être servies à la table des dieux, surtout quand on ne les laisse qu'un instant dans l'huile.

     The pilchards taken in other countries are the food of the common people ; those we catch in the vicinity of Phalerum are worthly of the table of the gods, especially when left to steep only for a moment in boiling oil.

Further reading

• “sardine” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Anagrams

• dineras, dîneras, draines, radines, ranidés, rendais

Italian

Noun

sardine f

1. plural of sardina

Anagrams

• snidare, sniderà

Latin

Adjective

• sard?ne

Adjective

sard?ne

1. vocative masculine singular of sard?nus