different between civil vs kind

English

Etymology

From Middle English cyvyl, civil, borrowed from Old French civil, from Latin c?v?lis (“relating to a citizen”), from c?vis (“citizen”). Cognate with Old English h?wen (“household”), h?r?den (“family”). More at hind; hird. Doublet of civic.

Pronunciation

• enPR: ?s?v-?l IPA^(key): /?s?v.?l/
• Rhymes: -?v?l

Adjective

civil (comparative more civil, superlative most civil)

1. (not comparable) Having to do with people and government office as opposed to the military or religion.

   She went into civil service because she wanted to help the people.

2. (comparable) Behaving in a reasonable or polite manner.

   It was very civil of him to stop the argument.

   Antonyms: anti-civil, impolite, inconsiderate, noncivil, rude

3. (law) Relating to private relations among citizens, as opposed to criminal matters.

   a civil case

4. Secular.

Derived terms

Related terms

• civic
• civilization

Translations

References

• civil at OneLook Dictionary Search
• civil in Keywords for Today: A 21st Century Vocabulary, edited by The Keywords Project, Colin MacCabe, Holly Yanacek, 2018.
• civil in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.

Anagrams

• clivi

Asturian

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin c?v?lis.

Adjective

civil (epicene, plural civiles)

1. civil, civilian

Derived terms

• civilización
• guerra civil
• xunión civil

References

• "civil" in Diccionariu de la Llingua Asturiana

Catalan

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin c?v?lis.

Pronunciation

• (Balearic, Valencian) IPA^(key): /si?vil/
• (Central) IPA^(key): /si?bil/

Adjective

civil (masculine and feminine plural civils)

1. civil
2. civilian

Antonyms

• (polite): incivil
• (civilian): militar

Derived terms

Related terms

• civilitat

Noun

civil m or f (plural civils)

1. a member of the guardia civil

Further reading

• “civil” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

Danish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin c?v?lis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /si?vi?l/

Adjective

civil

1. civil (all senses), civilian

Inflection

Derived terms

French

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin c?v?lis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /si.vil/

Adjective

civil (feminine singular civile, masculine plural civils, feminine plural civiles)

1. civil (war, marriage etc.)
2. (politics) lay
3. civilian
4. (literary) civil, courteous, polite

Derived terms

Related terms

• civique
• cité

Noun

civil m (plural civils, feminine civile)

1. civilian

Further reading

• “civil” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Galician

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin c?v?lis.

Adjective

civil m or f (plural civís)

1. civil, civilian

Derived terms

• guerra civil
• unión civil

References

• "civil" in Real Academia Galega

Interlingua

Adjective

civil (not comparable)

1. civil, civilian (not associated with the armed forces)

Norman

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin c?v?lis, from c?vis (“citizen”), from Proto-Indo-European *?ey- (“to lie down, settle; home, family; love; beloved”).

Adjective

civil m

1. (Jersey) polite
2. (Jersey) civil

Derived terms

• dgèrre civile (“civil war”)

Occitan

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin c?v?lis.

Adjective

civil m (feminine singular civila, masculine plural civils, feminine plural civilas)

1. civil

Derived terms

• guèrra civila f

Portuguese

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin c?v?lis (“civil”), from c?vis (“citizen”). Doublet of cível.

Pronunciation

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /si?viw/
• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /si?vi?/
• Hyphenation: ci?vil
• (Brazil) Rhymes: -iw
• (Portugal) Rhymes: -i?

Adjective

civil m or f (plural civis, comparable)

1. civil; civilian (not relating to the military or clergy)

2. civic (relating to citizens)

   Synonym: cívico

   Antonym: militar

3. (law) relating to civil law

   Synonym: cível

   Antonym: criminal

4. occurring between the inhabitants of the same country

5. civil (behaving in a reasonable or polite manner)

   Synonyms: civilizado, cortês, educado, polido

   Antonyms: deseducado, grosseiro, deselegante, feio

Derived terms

• casado no civil
• casar no civil
• guerra civil

Noun

civil m, f (plural civis)

1. civilian, non-combatant (person who is not a member of the military, police or belligerent group)

Derived terms

Romanian

Alternative forms

• ?ivil (archaic and popular)

Etymology

Borrowed from French civil, Latin civilis.

Adjective

civil m or n (feminine singular civil?, masculine plural civili, feminine and neuter plural civile)

1. civil

Declension

Noun

civil m (plural civili)

1. civilian

Declension

Related terms

• civilitate
• civiliza
• civiliza?ie
• cetate

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Borrowed from German Zivil, from French civil, from Latin c?v?lis (“civic, civil”), from c?vis (“citizen”).

Noun

cìv?l m (Cyrillic spelling ?????)

1. civilian (not related to the military armed forces)

Declension

Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin c?v?lis (“civil, civic”), from c?vis (“citizen”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Spain) /?i?bil/, [?i???il]
• IPA^(key): (Latin America) /si?bil/, [si???il]
• Homophone: sibil (non-Castilian dialects)
• Rhymes: -il

Adjective

civil (plural civiles) (superlative civilísimo)

1. civil (all senses)

Derived terms

Related terms

Swedish

Adjective

civil

1. civil; having to do with people and organizations outside military or police, sometimes also outside of other team-based activities, such as a professional sports team

Declension

English

Pronunciation

• enPR: k?nd, IPA^(key): /ka?nd/
• Rhymes: -a?nd

Etymology 1

From Middle English kynde, kunde, cunde, icunde, from Old English cynd (“generation, kind, nature, race”), ?ecynd, from Proto-Germanic *kundiz, *gakundiz, related to *kunj?. Cognate with Icelandic kind (“race, species, kind”). Doublet of gens, genesis, and jati. See also kin.

Alternative forms

• kinde, kynd, kynde (obsolete)

Noun

kind (plural kinds)

1. A type, race or category; a group of entities that have common characteristics such that they may be grouped together.
2. A makeshift or otherwise atypical specimen.
   • 1884, Mark Twain, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Chapter VIII

     I got my traps out of the canoe and made me a nice camp in the thick woods. I made a kind of a tent out of my blankets to put my things under so the rain couldn't get at them.

3. (archaic) One's inherent nature; character, natural disposition.
4. (archaic) Family, lineage.
5. (archaic) Manner.
7. Goods or services used as payment, as e.g. in barter.
   • 1691, John Dryden, Prologue to King Arthur

     Some of you, on pure instinct of nature, / Are led by kind t'admire your fellow-creature.

8. Equivalent means used as response to an action.

9. (Christianity) Each of the two elements of the communion service, bread and wine.

Usage notes

In sense “goods or services” or “equivalent means”, used almost exclusively with “in” in expression in kind.

Synonyms

• genre
• sort
• type
• derivative

(1) and/or (2)

• generation
• offspring
• child
• See also Thesaurus:class

Derived terms

Related terms

Translations

Etymology 2

From Middle English kinde, kunde, kende, from Old English cynde, ?ecynde (“innate, natural, native”), from Old English cynd, ?ecynd (“nature, kind”).

Alternative forms

• kinde (obsolete)

Adjective

kind (comparative kinder, superlative kindest)

1. Having a benevolent, courteous, friendly, generous, gentle, liberal, sympathetic, or warm-hearted nature or disposition, marked by consideration for – and service to – others.
2. Affectionate.
   • 1770, Oliver Goldsmith, The Deserted Village

     Yet was he kind, or if severe in aught, / The love he bore to learning was in fault.

3. Favorable.
4. Mild, gentle, forgiving

5. Gentle; tractable; easily governed.

6. (obsolete) Characteristic of the species; belonging to one's nature; natural; native.
   • c. 1385, William Langland, Piers Plowman, I:

     ?et haue I no kynde knowing quod I · ?et mote ?e kenne me better.

   • it becommeth sweeter than it should be, and loseth the kind tast.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Chaucer to this entry?)

Synonyms

• See also Thesaurus:affectionate

Derived terms

Translations

Further reading

• Kind in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)

Anagrams

• DINK, dink

Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch kind, from Middle Dutch kint, from Old Dutch kint, from Proto-Germanic *kind? (“offspring”), from Proto-Indo-European *?enh?tóm.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /k?nt/

Noun

kind (plural kinders)

1. child

Anagrams

• dink

Danish

Etymology

From Old Norse kinn, from Proto-Germanic *kinnuz, from Proto-Indo-European *?énu- (“cheek”). Compare Swedish kind, Norwegian and Icelandic kinn, Low German and German Kinn, Dutch kin, English chin.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ken/, [k?en?]

Noun

kind c (singular definite kinden, plural indefinite kinder)

1. cheek

Inflection

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch kint, from Old Dutch kint, from Proto-West Germanic *kind (“offspring”), from Proto-Germanic *kind? (“offspring”), from Proto-Indo-European *?enh?tóm (“that which is produced, that which is given birth to”), related to *?n?h?tós (“produced, given birth”), from *?enh?- (“to produce, to give birth”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /k?nt/
• Hyphenation: kind
• Rhymes: -?nt

Noun

kind n (plural kinderen or kinders, diminutive kindje n or kindertje n or kindeken n or kindelijn n)

1. child, kid, non-adult human

2. descendant, still a minor or irrespective of age

   In sommige patriarchale tradities blijven kinderen levenslang onvoorwaardelijk onderworpen aan het vaderlijk gezag, zoals aanvankelijk in het Oude Rome, in andere houdt een zoon op kind te zijn door zijn eigen gezin te stichten

   In certain patriarchal traditions, children remain subject to unconditional paternal authority for life, as originally in Ancient Rome, in other ones a son ceases to be a child by founding his own family

   Synonyms: afstammeling, telg

3. (figuratively) product of influence, breeding etc.

Usage notes

• The normal plural is kinderen. The form kinders is heard colloquially, often also humorously.
• In compounds, the word can take the form kinder- or kind- as a tail. The former is used more often, however.
• The dimunitive kindelijn is now archaic, but can still be found in some fossilized songs and religious texts.

Derived terms

See also

• dochter
• zoon
• blaag

Descendants

• Afrikaans: kind

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse kind, from Proto-Germanic *kinþiz, cognate with Latin g?ns (“clan, tribe”). The sense of “sheep” is derived from the compound sauðkind, literally “sheep-kind”.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /c??nt/
• Rhymes: -?nt

Noun

kind f

1. (obsolete) race, kind, kin
2. a sheep (especially a ewe)
3. (dated) used as a term of disparagement for a girl (or woman)

Declension

Synonyms

• (sheep): rolla, sauðkind

Derived terms

• kindarlegur
• mannkind
• sauðkind

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old Norse kind f, from Proto-Germanic *kinþiz, from Proto-Indo-European *?énh?tis. Akin to English kind.

Noun

kind m (definite singular kinden, indefinite plural kindar, definite plural kindane)
kind n (definite singular kindet, indefinite plural kind, definite plural kinda)

1. a child in a cradle

References

• “kind” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *kinþiz. Compare Latin g?ns (“clan, tribe”).

Noun

kind f (genitive kindar, plural kindir or kindr)

1. race, kind, kin
2. creature, being

Declension

Derived terms

• mannkind
• sauðkind

Descendants

• Icelandic: kind f

References

• kind in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Old Saxon

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *kind (“child”).

Noun

kind n

1. child

Declension

Descendants

• Middle Low German: kind, kint, kynd
  • Dutch Low Saxon: kind, kiend, keend
  • German Low German: Kind
  • ? Old Frisian: kind
    • West Frisian: kyn

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse kinn, from Proto-Germanic *kinnuz, from Proto-Indo-European *?énu- (“cheek”). Compare Danish kind, Norwegian and Icelandic kinn, German Kinn, Dutch kin, English chin.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??nd/

Noun

kind c

1. (anatomy) cheek; a part of the face.

Declension

Zealandic

Etymology

From Middle Dutch kint

Noun

kind n (plural kinders)

1. child