different between check vs lighten
check
English
Pronunciation
- enPR: ch?k, IPA(key): /t???k/
- Rhymes: -?k
- Homophones: cheque, Czech
Etymology 1
From Middle English chek, chekke, borrowed from Old French eschek, eschec, eschac, from Medieval Latin scaccus, borrowed from Arabic ????? (š?h, “king or check at chess, shah”), borrowed from Persian ???? (šâh, “king”), from Middle Persian ????????????????? (mlk? /š?h/), from Old Persian ???? (XŠ /xš?ya?iya/, “king”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšáyati (“he rules, he has power over”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *tek- (“to gain power over, gain control over”).
All English senses developed from the chess sense. Compare Saterland Frisian Schak, Schach, Dutch schaak, German Schach, Danish skak, Swedish schack, Icelandic skák, French échec, Italian scacco. See chess and shah (“king of Persia or Iran”).
Noun
check (plural checks)
- (chess) A situation in which the king is directly threatened by an opposing piece. [from 14th c.]
- An inspection or examination.
- A control; a limit or stop.
- (US) A mark (especially a checkmark: ?) used as an indicator.
- Synonyms: (UK) tick, checkmark
- 1980, Stephen King, The Mist
- Norton had made a neat, lawyerly check beside each of the items he and Billy had picked up—half a dozen or so, including the milk and a six-pack of Coke.
- (US) An order to a bank to pay money to a named person or entity.
- Synonym: (UK, Canada) cheque
- (US) A bill, particularly in a restaurant.
- Synonyms: bill, (Canada) cheque
- (contact sports) A maneuver performed by a player to take another player out of the play.
- A token used instead of cash in gaming machines, or in gambling generally.
- 1963, American law reports annotated: second series, volume 89
- […] the statute prohibits a machine which dispenses checks or tokens for replay […]
- 1963, American law reports annotated: second series, volume 89
- A lengthwise separation through the growth rings in wood.
- A mark, certificate, or token by which errors may be prevented, or a thing or person may be identified.
- (falconry) The forsaking by a hawk of its proper game to follow other birds. [from 15th c.]
- A small chink or crack.
Hyponyms
Derived terms
Translations
References
- check on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Etymology 2
From Middle English chekken, partly from Old French eschequier and partly from the noun (see above).
Verb
check (third-person singular simple present checks, present participle checking, simple past and past participle checked)
- To inspect; to examine.
- To verify the accuracy of a text or translation, usually making some corrections (proofread) or many (copyedit).
- (US, often used with "off") To mark items on a list (with a checkmark or by crossing them out) that have been chosen for keeping or removal or that have been dealt with (for example, completed or verified as correct or satisfactory).
- Synonyms: check off, (UK) tick, (UK) tick off, cross off, strike off
- Antonym: uncheck
- To control, limit, or halt.
- Synonyms: curtail, restrain; see also Thesaurus:curb
- c. 1775–1780, Edmund Burke, letter to the Sheriffs of Bristol
- so many clogs to check and retard the headlong course of violence and oppression
- 1922, James Joyce, Ulysses Chapter 13
- She was about to retort but something checked the words on her tongue.
- To verify or compare with a source of information.
- To leave in safekeeping.
- To leave with a shipping agent for shipping.
- (street basketball) To pass or bounce the ball to an opponent from behind the three-point line and have the opponent pass or bounce it back to start play.
- (sports) To disrupt another player with the stick or body to obtain possession of the ball or puck.
- Synonyms: tackle, trap, attack
- (poker) To remain in a hand without betting. Only legal if no one has yet bet.
- (chess) To make a move which puts an adversary's king in check; to put in check.
- To chide, rebuke, or reprove.
- (nautical) To slack or ease off, as a brace which is too stiffly extended.
- To crack or gape open, as wood in drying; or to crack in small checks, as varnish, paint, etc.
- To make checks or chinks in; to cause to crack.
- To make a stop; to pause; with at.
- The mind, once jaded by an attempt above its power, either is disabled for the future, or else checks at any vigorous undertaking ever after.
- (obsolete) To clash or interfere.
- (Can we find and add a quotation of Francis Bacon to this entry?)
- To act as a curb or restraint.
- 1677, John Dryden, All for Love
- It [his presence] checks too strong upon me.
- 1677, John Dryden, All for Love
- (falconry) To turn, when in pursuit of proper game, and fly after other birds.
Derived terms
- See below
Descendants
- ? Gulf Arabic: ???? (??yy?k)
- ? Hijazi Arabic: ??????? (šayyak)
- ? Finnish: tsekata
- ? German: checken
- ? Portuguese: checar
- ? Russian: ??????? (?ékat?)
- ? Russian: ???????? (?éknut?)
- ? Russian: ?????????? (pro?ékat?)
- ? Spanish: chequear
Translations
Derived terms
Related terms
Etymology 3
By shortening from chequer, from Old French eschequier (“chessboard”), from Medieval Latin scaccarium, ultimately from the same Persian root as above.
Noun
check (plural checks)
- (textiles, usually pluralized) A pattern made up of a grid of squares of alternating colors; a checkered pattern.
- 1819, Charles Mowry, in the Downington Pennsylvania American Republican, quoted in Herbery Wisbey, Pioneer Prophetess: Jemima Wilkinson, the Publick Universal Friend:
- One of her female followers, had made a very elegant piece of check. The Friend, being at her house, on a visit, the lady shewed the check to her, and as evidence of devotion to her leader, proposed presenting her with a pattern off the piece for her own use.
- 1819, Charles Mowry, in the Downington Pennsylvania American Republican, quoted in Herbery Wisbey, Pioneer Prophetess: Jemima Wilkinson, the Publick Universal Friend:
- Any fabric woven with such a pattern.
Translations
Verb
check (third-person singular simple present checks, present participle checking, simple past and past participle checked)
- (transitive) To mark with a check pattern.
Adjective
check (not comparable)
- (heraldry) Divided into small squares by transverse, perpendicular, and horizontal lines.
- Synonym: chequy
References
- Michael Quinion (2004) , “Cheque”, in Ballyhoo, Buckaroo, and Spuds: Ingenious Tales of Words and Their Origins, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Books in association with Penguin Books, ?ISBN
- Douglas Harper (2001–2021) , “check”, in Online Etymology Dictionary
Chinese
Etymology
Borrowed from English check.
Pronunciation
Verb
check
- (Cantonese) to check
Synonyms
- ????? (ji?nchá)
Danish
Etymology
From English cheque, check, from Old French eschek (“check (in chess)”), via Medieval Latin scaccus and Arabic ????? (š?h) from Persian ???? (šâh, “king”) (cf. also Danish skak).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [?????]
Noun
check c
- cheque
Inflection
Dutch
Pronunciation
Verb
check
- first-person singular present indicative of checken
- imperative of checken
French
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /t??k/
Noun
check m (plural checks)
- (slang) fist bump
Spanish
Noun
check m (plural checks)
- check (mark)
Swedish
Etymology
From English check
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /??k?/
- Homophones: käck, tjeck
Noun
check c
- cheque, check
Declension
References
check From the web:
- what checks and balances
- what checks does walmart cash
- what check cashing places are open
- what checks your oxygen level
- what check engine light means
- what checks clear immediately
- what checks are missing from the constitution
- what checking account should i open
lighten
English
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?la?.t?n/
- Rhymes: -a?t?n
Etymology 1
From Middle English lightnen, equivalent to light +? -en.
Verb
lighten (third-person singular simple present lightens, present participle lightening, simple past and past participle lightened)
- (transitive) To make brighter or clearer; to illuminate.
- 1667, John Dryden, Annus Mirabilis, London: Henry Herringman, stanza 231, p. 59,[1]
- A Key of fire ran all along the shore,
- And lighten’d all the river with the blaze:
- 1667, John Dryden, Annus Mirabilis, London: Henry Herringman, stanza 231, p. 59,[1]
- (intransitive) To become brighter or clearer; to brighten.
- (intransitive, archaic) To burst forth or dart, as lightning; to shine with, or like, lightning; to flash.
- 1595, George Peele, The Old Wives’ Tale, The Malone Society Reprints, 1908, line 500,[2]
- Enter the Conjurer; it lightens and thunders […]
- c. 1599, William Shakespeare, Julius Caesar, Act I, Scene 3,[3]
- […] this dreadful night,
- That thunders, lightens, opens graves, and roars
- As doth the lion.
- 1595, George Peele, The Old Wives’ Tale, The Malone Society Reprints, 1908, line 500,[2]
- (transitive) To emit or disclose in, or as if in, lightning; to flash out, like lightning.
- c. 1595, William Shakespeare, Richard II, Act III, Scene 3,[4]
- […] behold his eye,
- As bright as is the eagle’s, lightens forth
- Controlling majesty:
- c. 1595, William Shakespeare, Richard II, Act III, Scene 3,[4]
- To illuminate with knowledge; to enlighten.
- 1599, John Davies, “Of the Soule of man, and the immortalitie thereof” in Nosce Teipsum. This Oracle Expounded in Two Elegies, London: John Standish, p. 10,[5]
- O Light which mak’st the Light, which makes the Day,
- Which setst the Eye without and Mind within,
- Lighten my spirit with one cleare heavenly ray,
- Which now to view it selfe doth first begin.
- 1599, John Davies, “Of the Soule of man, and the immortalitie thereof” in Nosce Teipsum. This Oracle Expounded in Two Elegies, London: John Standish, p. 10,[5]
Conjugation
Derived terms
- lighten up
Translations
Etymology 2
From Middle English lightnen, equivalent to light +? -en.
Verb
lighten (third-person singular simple present lightens, present participle lightening, simple past and past participle lightened)
- (transitive) To alleviate; to reduce the burden of.
- (transitive) To make light or lighter in weight.
- (transitive) To make less serious or more cheerful.
- 1611, King James Version of the Bible, Psalms 34:5,[6]
- They looked unto him, were lightened: and their faces were not ashamed.
- 1611, King James Version of the Bible, Psalms 34:5,[6]
- (intransitive) To become light or lighter in weight.
- (intransitive) To become less serious or more cheerful.
Conjugation
Derived terms
- lighten up
Translations
Etymology 3
From light +? -en.
Verb
lighten (third-person singular simple present lightens, present participle lightening, simple past and past participle lightened)
- To descend; to light.
- Book of Common Prayer
- O Lord, let thy mercy lighten upon us.
- Book of Common Prayer
Related terms
- alight
Anagrams
- enlight, lething
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