different between castle vs hall

English

Etymology

From Middle English castle, castel, from late Old English castel, castell (“a town, village, castle”), borrowed from Late Latin castellum (“small camp, fort”), diminutive of Latin castrum (“camp, fort, citadel, stronghold”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *kat- (“hut, shed”). Doublet of castell, castellum, and château. Parallel borrowings (from Late Latin or Old French) are Scots castel, castell (“castle”), West Frisian kastiel (“castle”), Dutch kasteel (“castle”), German Kastell (“castle”), Danish kastel (“citadel”), Swedish kastell (“citadel”), Icelandic kastali (“castle”), Welsh castell. The Middle English word was reinforced by Anglo-Norman/Old Northern French castel, itself from Late Latin castellum (“small camp, fort”) (compare modern French château from Old French chastel). If Latin castrum (“camp, fort, citadel, stronghold”) is from Proto-Indo-European *kat- (“hut, shed”), Latin casa (“cottage, hut”) is related. Possibly related also to Gothic ???????????????????? (h?þj?, “chamber”), Old English heaþor (“restraint, confinement, enclosure, prison”). See also casino, cassock.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) enPR: käs'(?)l, IPA^(key): /?k??s?l/, /k??sl?/
• Rhymes: -??s?l
• (US, Canada, Northern England) enPR: k?s'(?)l, IPA^(key): /?kæs?l/, /kæsl?/
• Rhymes: -æs?l

Noun

castle (plural castles)

1. A large building that is fortified and contains many defences; in previous ages often inhabited by a nobleman or king.
2. (chess) An instance of castling.
3. (chess, informal) A rook; a chess piece shaped like a castle tower.
4. (shogi) A defense structure in shogi formed by defensive pieces surrounding the king.
5. (obsolete) A close helmet.
6. (dated) Any strong, imposing, and stately mansion.
7. (dated) A small tower, as on a ship, or an elephant's back.
8. (cricket, colloquial) The wicket.
   • 1966, Gurdeep Singh, Cricket in Northern India (page 59)

     Nay, he was quite an adept, and was very effective as a change bowler, for in no time he demolished the castle of any batsman.

Usage notes

For the chess piece, chess players prefer the term rook.

Synonyms

• (building): fortress

Hyponyms

• (building): keep, motte and bailey

Coordinate terms

• (building): castellan (overseer); castellate, castellany (domain); incastle, castellate, incastellate (to make into a castle); castellate, castellated, incastled, incastellated (castle-like)

Derived terms

Related terms

Translations

See also

• Appendix:Chess pieces

Verb

castle (third-person singular simple present castles, present participle castling, simple past and past participle castled)

1. (transitive) To house or keep in a castle.
   • 1611, John Florio, Queen Anna's New World of Words, s.v. "Castellare":

     ...to encastle, to Castle.

   • 1871, Robert Browning, "Prince Hohenstiel-Schwangau, Saviour of Society", 116:

     ...Some fierce tribe, castled on the mountain-peak...

2. (transitive, figuratively) To protect or separate in a similar way.
   • 1655, William Gurnall, The Christian in Compleat Armour, 1st Pt., 32:

     Castle me in the armes of thy everlasting strength.

3. (obsolete) To make into a castle: to build in the form of a castle or add (real or imitation) battlements to an existing building.
   • c. 1386, Geoffrey Chaucer, Canterbury Tales, "The Parson's Tale":

     ...Bake metes and dish metes... peynted and castelled with papir...

4. (usually intransitive, chess) To move the king 2 squares right or left and, in the same turn, the nearest rook to the far side of the king. The move now has special rules: the king cannot be in, go through, or end in check; the squares between the king and rook must be vacant; and neither piece may have been moved before castling.
   • 1656, Francis Beale translating Gioachino Greco as The Royall Game of Chesse-Play, Being the Study of Biochimo, p. 8:

     He [i.e., the king] may change (or Castle) with this Rooke, that is, he may goe two draughts at once towards this Rooke... causing the Rooke to stand next to him on either side.

   • 1835, William Lewis, Chess for Beginners, Ch. 5, p. 24:

     No. 24. ¶ If your adversary make a false move, castle improperly, &c., you must take notice of such irregularity before you move, or even touch a piece, or you are no longer allowed to inflict any penalties.

5. (usually intransitive, shogi) To create a similar defensive position in Japanese chess through several moves.
6. (cricket) To bowl a batsman with a full-length ball or yorker such that the stumps are knocked over.
   • 2009, BBC Sport, "Lightning Bolt Blows Over Gayle":

     And the 23-year-old brought the crowd to their feet when he castled Gayle's stumps, signalling the direction of the pavilion to his friend for good measure.

   • 2011, Firdose Moonda, ESPNcricinfo, "A Day for Missed Hat-tricks":

     He bowled Vinay with a full, straight ball that castled off stump and then dished up a yorker that RP Singh backed away to and sent onto his stumps.

Synonyms

• (to house in a castle): castellate, incastellate
• (to make into a castle): See fortify

Derived terms

• castle up, castle short, castle long

Translations

Anagrams

• CELTAs, Castel, cleats, eclats, sclate, éclats

Middle English

Noun

castle

1. Alternative form of castel

English

Etymology

From Middle English halle, from Old English heall (“hall, dwelling, house; palace, temple; law-court”), from Proto-Germanic *hall? (“hall”), from Proto-Indo-European *?el- (“to hide, conceal”). Cognate with Scots hall, haw (“hall”), Dutch hal (“hall”), German Halle (“hall”), Norwegian hall (“hall”), Swedish hall (“hall”), Icelandic höll (“palace”), Latin cella (“room, cell”), Sanskrit ???? (???l?, “house, mansion, hall”).

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /h??l/
• (US) IPA^(key): /h?l/
• (cot–caught merger) IPA^(key): /h?l/
• Rhymes: -??l
• Homophone: haul

Noun

hall (plural halls)

1. A corridor; a hallway.
2. A meeting room.

3. A manor house (originally because a magistrate's court was held in the hall of his mansion).

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Cowell to this entry?)

4. A building providing student accommodation at a university.

5. The principal room of a secular medieval building.
6. (obsolete) Cleared passageway through a crowd, as for dancing.
   • 1633, Ben Jonson, A Tale of a Tub

     Then cry, a hall, a hall! Come, father Rosin, with your fiddle now.

7. A place for special professional education, or for conferring professional degrees or licences.

   a Divinity Hall; Apothecaries' Hall

8. (India) A living room.

Derived terms

Descendants

• ? Japanese: ??? (h?ru)
• ? Russian: ???? (xoll)

Translations

Albanian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kel- (compare English shallow, Middle High German hel (“tired, weak”), Ancient Greek ?????? (skéll?, “to dry up”), ??????? (skl?rós, “hard, harsh”)).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ha?/

Noun

hall m (indefinite plural halle, definite singular halli, definite plural hallet)

1. trouble

References

Chinese

Etymology

From English hall.

Pronunciation

Noun

hall

1. (Hong Kong Cantonese) assembly hall; auditorium
2. (Hong Kong Cantonese) residence hall; dormitory

Danish

Etymology

Borrowed from English hall. Doublet of hal.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [h??l]

Noun

hall c (singular definite hallen, plural indefinite haller)

1. hall (a corridor or a hallway)

Inflection

Estonian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *halla, from pre-Finnic *šalna, from Proto-Balto-Slavic [Term?]. Compare Latvian salna, Lithuanian šalna.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?h?l?/

Noun

hall (genitive halla, partitive halla)

1. frost

Declension

Etymology 2

From Proto-Finnic *halli (compare Finnish halli), from Balto-Slavic. Compare Latvian salnis, Lithuanian šalnis (“off-white, roan”)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?h?l??/

Adjective

hall (genitive halli, partitive halli)

1. grey (color)

Declension

Derived terms

• hallitama

See also

Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?h?l??/

Noun

hall (genitive halli, partitive halli)

1. hall (large room or building)

Declension

French

Etymology

Borrowed from English hall.

Pronunciation

• ^{(aspirated h)} IPA^(key): /ol/

Noun

hall m (plural halls)

1. hall
2. lobby

Further reading

• “hall” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

German

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /hal/
• Rhymes: -al

Verb

hall

1. singular imperative of hallen
2. (colloquial) first-person singular present of hallen

Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?h?l?]
• Rhymes: -?l?

Etymology 1

From the conflation of Proto-Uralic *kontale- (compare Old Hungarian hadl (“hear”), Mansi ?????? (h?ntli), Finnish kuunnella) and Proto-Uralic *kule- (compare Mansi ???????? (h?lu?kve) and Finnish kuulla).

Verb

hall

2. (intransitive) to hear (to perceive sounds through the ear)
3. (transitive) to hear (to perceive with the ear)

Usage notes

This verb is a member of one of those (few) quasi-homonymous verb pairs that exist both with and without an -ik ending. All (intransitive) suffixed forms of these pairs are identical (sometimes they can even have derived forms that coincide), with the exception of their dictionary form (the third-person singular indicative present, with or without -ik). However, the meaning of these pairs is usually distinct, sometimes unrelated. Examples include (fel)áldoz–(le)áldozik, bán–bánik, (meg)bíz–(meg)bízik, ér–érik, esz (rare)–eszik, hajol–hajlik, (felül)múl–(el)múlik, (hozzá)nyúl–nyúlik, (el)vesz–(el)veszik~(el)vész, and tör–törik (along with their verbal prefixes), hall–hallik (archaic), érez–érzik (archaic), sometimes with some difference: (el)hibáz–hibádzik, (le)torkol–torkollik. Therefore one may well need to check the context and the arguments to ascertain which member of the verb pair is relevant.

Conjugation

Derived terms

(With verbal prefixes):

Etymology 2

Borrowed from German Halle.

Noun

hall (plural hallok)

2. middle-sized, windowless room, entryway, hallway (in a private flat/apartment, with a size not smaller than 8 m² [86 sq ft], with space for people, but without affording them privacy due to its being an entry to other rooms)

   Synonym: el?tér

   Coordinate terms: szoba, helyiség, félszoba, alkóv, gardrób, el?szoba, hálószoba, nappali

3. lobby, foyer, lounge (e.g. in a hotel or an opera house)

   Synonyms: társalgó, el?csarnok

Declension

Derived terms

References

Further reading

• (to hear): hall in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh: A magyar nyelv értelmez? szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: ?ISBN
• (entryway): hall in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh: A magyar nyelv értelmez? szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: ?ISBN

Ludian

Etymology

Akin to Finnish halla.

Noun

hall

1. frost

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Old Norse h?ll.

Noun

hall m (definite singular hallen, indefinite plural haller, definite plural hallene)

1. a hall (a building or very large room)

Derived terms

• idrettshall
• ishall
• svømmehall

References

• “hall” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /h?l?/

Etymology 1

From Old Norse h?ll. Akin to English hall.

Noun

hall m (definite singular hallen, indefinite plural hallar, definite plural hallane)
or
hall f (definite singular halla, indefinite plural haller, definite plural hallene)

1. a hall (a building or very large room)

Derived terms

• idrettshall
• ishall
• svømmehall, symjehall

Etymology 2

From Old Norse hallr.

Noun

hall n (definite singular hallet, indefinite plural hall, definite plural halla)

1. a slope, sloping terrain

Derived terms

• bakhall
• grashall

References

• “hall” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Portuguese

Etymology

Borrowed from English hall.

Pronunciation

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /?h?w/

Noun

hall m (plural halls)

1. (architecture) lobby; entrance hall (room in a building used for entry from the outside)

Derived terms

• hall da fama

Spanish

Etymology

From English hall.

Noun

hall m (plural halls)

1. hall, lobby, lounge

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse h?ll, from Proto-Germanic *hall?, from Proto-Indo-European *?el-. Compare English hall. Related to Latin cella and English cellar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /hal/

Noun

hall c

1. a hallway
2. a lounge
3. a corridor
4. an entryway
5. short for any of the words:

   • simhall
   • ishall
   • sporthall
   • verkstadshall
   • mässhall

Declension

References

Westrobothnian

Etymology 1

From Old Norse hallr. Cognate with Icelandic hallur.

Adjective

hall

1. sloping, inclined, oblique

Derived terms

Etymology 2

From Old Norse h?ll, from Proto-Germanic *hall?

Noun

hall f

1. area where no particularly large forest exist