different between castigate vs chasten

English

Etymology

Early 17th cent., borrowed from Latin cast?g?tus, past participle of cast?g? (“I reprove”), from castus (“pure, chaste”), from Proto-Indo-European *kesa (“cut”). Doublet of chastise, taken through Old French. See also chaste.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation, US) IPA^(key): /?kæs.t?.?e?t/, /?kæs.t?.?e?t/

Verb

castigate (third-person singular simple present castigates, present participle castigating, simple past and past participle castigated)

1. (transitive, formal) To punish or reprimand someone severely.
   • 1999, Robert P. Gordon, I & II Samuel: A Commentary, Zondervan, p. 264:

     Perhaps disarmed by his own scandalous behaviour with Bathsheba, he was in no position to castigate his son for a similar fault.

2. (transitive, formal) To execrate or condemn something in a harsh manner, especially by public criticism.
   • 2016, Halil Berktay, Suraiya Faroqhi, New Approaches to State and Peasant in Ottoman History, Routledge, p. 150:

     But despite all this, for Barkan, the universalist notion of an 'Ottoman feudalism' was anathema: he castigated this idea as the concentrated expression of the anti-Ottomanism of the Kemalist Enlightenment.

   • 2001, Klaus R. Scherer, Angela Schorr, Tom Johnstone, Appraisal Processes in Emotion: Theory, Methods, Research, Oxford University Press, p. 59:

     Lewis should have castigated the reasoning employed rather than the emotion, which offers no clue as to which side of the argument a person will adopt.

   • 2012, James King, Under Foreign Eyes: Western Cinematic Adaptations of Postwar Japan, John Hunt Publishing, p. 1:

     From the outset, this issue becomes an often double-edged sword wherein Japan is both valorized and castigated.

3. (transitive, rare) To revise or make corrections to a publication.

Synonyms

• (to punish severely): chastise, punish, rebuke, reprimand
• (to criticize severely): condemn, lambaste
• (to revise a publication): correct, revise
• See also Thesaurus:reprehend

Translations

References

Italian

Adjective

castigate

1. feminine plural of castigato

Verb

castigate

1. second-person plural present indicative of castigare
2. second-person plural imperative of castigare
3. feminine plural of castigato

Latin

Verb

cast?g?te

1. second-person plural present active imperative of cast?g?

References

• castigate in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press

English

Etymology

From Middle English chastien, from Old French chastier (“punish”), from Latin cast?g?re. See also chastise, castigate and chaste.

Pronunciation

• (UK, US) IPA^(key): /?t?e?.s?n/

Verb

chasten (third-person singular simple present chastens, present participle chastening, simple past and past participle chastened)

1. To make chaste.

   Synonym: purify

2. (archaic) To punish or reprimand for the sake of improvement.

   Synonym: discipline
3. To render humble or restrained.

   Synonyms: restrain, moderate

Translations

Anagrams

• natches

Middle English

Noun

chasten

1. Alternative form of chesteyne (“chestnut”)