different between case vs sack

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ke?s/
• Rhymes: -e?s
• Hyphenation: case

Etymology 1

Middle English cas, from Old French cas (“an event”), from Latin c?sus (“a falling, a fall; accident, event, occurrence; occasion, opportunity; noun case”), perfect passive participle of cad? (“to fall, to drop”).

Noun

case (plural cases)

1. An actual event, situation, or fact.
2. (now rare) A given condition or state.
   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, III.10:

     Ne wist he how to turne, nor to what place: / Was never wretched man in such a wofull cace.

   • 1726, Nathan Bailey, John Worlidge, Dictionarium Rusticum, Urbanicum & Botanicum

     Mares which are over-fat, hold with much difficulty; whereas those that are but in good case and plump, conceive with the greatest readiness and ease.

3. A piece of work, specifically defined within a profession.
4. (academia) An instance or event as a topic of study.
6. (law) A legal proceeding, lawsuit.
7. (grammar) A specific inflection of a word depending on its function in the sentence.

   • Now, the Subject of either an indicative or a subjunctive Clause is always assigned Nominative case, as we see from:
     (16) (a) ? I know [that they/*them/*their leave for Hawaii tomorrow]
     (16) (b) ? I demand [that they/*them/*their leave for Hawaii tomorrow]
     By contrast, the Subject of an infinitive Clause is assigned Objective case, as we see from:
     (17) ? I want [them/*they/*their to leave for Hawaii tomorrow]
     And the Subject of a gerund Clause is assigned either Objective or Genitive case: cf.
     (18) ? I don't like the idea of [them/their/*they leaving for Hawaii tomorrow]

8. (grammar, uncountable) Grammatical cases and their meanings taken either as a topic in general or within a specific language.

9. (medicine) An instance of a specific condition or set of symptoms.

10. (programming) A section of code representing one of the actions of a conditional switch.

Synonyms

Hyponyms

• court case
• See also Thesaurus:grammatical case

Derived terms

Translations

Verb

case (third-person singular simple present cases, present participle casing, simple past and past participle cased)

1. (obsolete) to propose hypothetical cases

See also

• Appendix:Grammatical cases

References

• case on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Etymology 2

From Middle English cas, from Old Northern French casse, (compare Old French chasse (“box, chest, case”)), from Latin capsa (“box, bookcase”), from capi? (“to take, seize, hold”). Doublet of cash.

Noun

case (plural cases)

2. A box that contains or can contain a number of identical items of manufacture.
3. A box, sheath, or covering generally.

4. A piece of luggage that can be used to transport an apparatus such as a sewing machine.
5. An enclosing frame or casing.

6. A suitcase.
7. A piece of furniture, constructed partially of transparent glass or plastic, within which items can be displayed.
8. The outer covering or framework of a piece of apparatus such as a computer.
9. (printing, historical) A shallow tray divided into compartments or "boxes" for holding type, traditionally arranged in sets of two, the "upper case" (containing capitals, small capitals, accented) and "lower case" (small letters, figures, punctuation marks, quadrats, and spaces).
10. (typography, by extension) The nature of a piece of alphabetic type, whether a “capital” (upper case) or “small” (lower case) letter.
11. (poker slang) Four of a kind.
12. (US) A unit of liquid measure used to measure sales in the beverage industry, equivalent to 192 fluid ounces.
13. (mining) A small fissure which admits water into the workings.

    (Can we find and add a quotation of Knight to this entry?)

14. A thin layer of harder metal on the surface of an object whose deeper metal is allowed to remain soft.
15. A cardboard box that holds (usually 24) beer bottles or cans.

    Synonym: carton

Hyponyms

Translations

References

• Weisenberg, Michael (2000) The Official Dictionary of Poker. MGI/Mike Caro University. ?ISBN

Adjective

case (not comparable)

1. (poker slang) The last remaining card of a particular rank.
   • 2006, David Apostolico, Lessons from the Professional Poker Tour (page 21)

     If he did have a bigger ace, I still had at least six outs — the case ace, two nines, and three tens. I could also have more outs if he held anything less than A-K.

References

• Weisenberg, Michael (2000) The Official Dictionary of Poker. MGI/Mike Caro University. ?ISBN

Verb

case (third-person singular simple present cases, present participle casing, simple past and past participle cased)

1. (transitive) To place (an item or items of manufacture) into a box, as in preparation for shipment.
2. (transitive) To cover or protect with, or as if with, a case; to enclose.
   • 1856-1858, William H. Prescott, History of the Reign of Philip II

     The man who, cased in steel, had passed whole days and nights in the saddle.

3. (transitive, informal) To survey (a building or other location) surreptitiously, as in preparation for a robbery.
   • 1977, Michael Innes, The Gay Phoenix, ?ISBN, page 116:

     You are in the grounds of Brockholes Abbey, a house into which a great deal of valuable property has just been moved. And your job is to case the joint for a break in.

   • 2014, Amy Goodman, From COINTELPRO to Snowden, the FBI Burglars Speak Out After 43 Years of Silence (Part 2), Democracy Now!, January 8, 2014, 0:49 to 0:57:

     Bonnie worked as a daycare director. She helped case the FBI office by posing as a college student interested in becoming an FBI agent.

Translations

Derived terms

• case the deck

Anagrams

• ACEs, ASCE, Aces, Ceas, ESCA, SCEA, aces, aesc, esca, æsc

Afar

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /???se/

Verb

casé

1. (transitive) hit

Conjugation

References

• Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)?^[2], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis), page 263

Asturian

Verb

case

1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive of casar

Chinese

Alternative forms

• K?

Etymology

Borrowed from English case.

Pronunciation

Noun

case

1. (Hong Kong Cantonese) case (clarification of this definition is needed)
   • 2015, ???, ????????? II??????????

     ????case???????????????case?? [Cantonese, trad.]
     ????case???????????????case?? [Cantonese, simp.]

     ni¹ go³ hou² do¹ kei¹ si² gaa³. ni¹ jat¹ go³, zau⁶ hai⁶ zoeng¹ gwok³ wing⁴, jau⁵ gam² go³ kei¹ si² laa¹. [Jyutping]

     That kind of case happens often. It happened with Leslie Cheung.

French

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin casa, in the sense of "hut, cabin". The other senses are a semantic loan from Spanish casa. Doublet of chez, which was inherited.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /k?z/
• Homophone: cases

Noun

case f (plural cases)

1. (archaic, rare or regional) hut, cabin, shack
2. box (on form)
3. square (on board game)

Derived terms

• case départ
• case à cocher

Further reading

• “case” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Anagrams

• à sec

Galician

Alternative forms

• caixe

Etymology

Attested since the 15th century (quasy), from Latin quasi (“as if”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?k?s?]

Adverb

case

1. almost

References

• “quasy” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006-2016.
• “case” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006-2013.
• “case” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
• “case” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

Italian

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: ca?se

Noun

case f

1. plural of casa

Anagrams

• asce, esca, seca

Lower Sorbian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?t?sas?/, [?t?sas?]

Noun

case

1. nominative/accusative plural of cas

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch *k?si, from late Proto-West Germanic *k?s?, borrowed from Latin c?seus.

Noun

câse m or n

1. cheese

Inflection

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Alternative forms

• kese (eastern)

Descendants

• Dutch: kaas
  • Afrikaans: kaas
    • ? Sotho: kase
    • ? Tswana: kase
  • ? Papiamentu: keshi (from the diminutive)
  • ? Sranan Tongo: kasi
• Limburgish: kieës, kees

Further reading

• “case”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929) , “case (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, ?ISBN, page I

Old French

Noun

case m (oblique plural cases, nominative singular cases, nominative plural case)

1. (grammar) case

Portuguese

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: ca?se
• Rhymes: -azi

Verb

case

1. first-person singular (eu) present subjunctive of casar
2. third-person singular (ele and ela, also used with você and others) present subjunctive of casar
3. third-person singular (você) affirmative imperative of casar
4. third-person singular (você) negative imperative of casar

Romanian

Noun

case

1. plural of cas?

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?kase/, [?ka.se]

Verb

case

1. Formal second-person singular (usted) imperative form of casar.
2. First-person singular (yo) present subjunctive form of casar.
3. Formal second-person singular (usted) present subjunctive form of casar.
4. Third-person singular (él, ella, also used with usted^?) present subjunctive form of casar.

Venetian

Noun

case

1. plural of casa

English

Pronunciation

• (UK, US) IPA^(key): /sæk/
• Rhymes: -æk
• Homophones: sac, SAC

Etymology 1

From Middle English sak (“bag, sackcloth”), from Old English sacc (“sack, bag”) and sæcc (“sackcloth, sacking”); both from Proto-West Germanic *sakku, from late Proto-Germanic *sakkuz (“sack”), borrowed from Latin saccus (“large bag”), from Ancient Greek ?????? (sákkos, “bag of coarse cloth”), from Semitic, possibly Phoenician.

Cognate with Dutch zak, German Sack, Swedish säck, Hebrew ????? (?aq, “sack, sackcloth”), Aramaic ???????, Classical Syriac ????, Ge'ez ?? (?ä?), Akkadian ???????? (saqqu), Egyptian s?g?. Doublet of sac.

?erný and Forbes suggest the word was originally Egyptian, a nominal derivative of s?q (“to gather or put together”) that also yielded Coptic ??? (sok, “sackcloth”) and was borrowed into Greek perhaps by way of a Semitic intermediary. However, Vycichl and Hoch reject this idea, noting that such an originally Egyptian word would be expected to yield Hebrew *??? rather than ?????. Instead, they posit that the Coptic and Greek words are both borrowed from Semitic, with the Coptic word perhaps developing via Egyptian s?g?.

Noun

sack (plural sacks)

1. A bag; especially a large bag of strong, coarse material for storage and handling of various commodities, such as potatoes, coal, coffee; or, a bag with handles used at a supermarket, a grocery sack; or, a small bag for small items, a satchel.
2. The amount a sack holds; also, an archaic or historical measure of varying capacity, depending on commodity type and according to local usage; an old English measure of weight, usually of wool, equal to 13 stone (182 pounds), or in other sources, 26 stone (364 pounds).
   • The American sack of salt is 215 pounds; the sack of wheat, two bushels. — McElrath.
   • 1843, The Penny Cyclopaedia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, Vol. 27, page 202

     Seven pounds make a clove, 2 cloves a stone, 2 stone a tod, 6 1/2 tods a wey, 2 weys a sack, 12 sacks a last. [...] It is to be observed here that a sack is 13 tods, and a tod 28 pounds, so that the sack is 364 pounds.
3. (uncountable) The plunder and pillaging of a captured town or city.

   The sack of Rome.

4. (uncountable) Loot or booty obtained by pillage.
5. (American football) A successful tackle of the quarterback behind the line of scrimmage. See verb sense⁴ below.
6. (baseball) One of the square bases anchored at first base, second base, or third base.

   He twisted his ankle sliding into the sack at second.

7. (informal) Dismissal from employment, or discharge from a position, usually as give (someone) the sack or get the sack. See verb sense⁵ below.

   The boss is gonna give her the sack today.

   He got the sack for being late all the time.

8. (colloquial, US) Bed; usually as hit the sack or in the sack. See also sack out.
9. (dated) (also sacque) A kind of loose-fitting gown or dress with sleeves which hangs from the shoulders, such as a gown with a Watteau back or sack-back, fashionable in the late 17th to 18th century; or, formerly, a loose-fitting hip-length jacket, cloak or cape.
   • 1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, Book IV, chapter vii, Google Books

     Molly, therefore, having dressed herself out in this sack, with a new laced cap, and some other ornaments which Tom had given her, repairs to church with her fan in her hand the very next Sunday.

   • 1780, Frances Burney, Journals & Letters, Penguin 2001, p. 151:

     Her Dress, too, was of the same cast, a thin muslin short sacque and Coat lined throughout with Pink, – a modesty bit – and something of a very short cloak half concealed about half of her old wrinkled Neck […].

   • 1828, JT Smith, Nollekens and His Times, Century Hutchinson 1986, p. 13:

     This lady's interesting figure, on her wedding-day, was attired in a sacque and petticoat of the most expensive brocaded white silk, resembling net-work, enriched with small flowers […] .

10. (dated) A sack coat; a kind of coat worn by men, and extending from top to bottom without a cross seam.
11. (vulgar, slang) The scrotum.

    He got passed the ball, but it hit him in the sack.

Synonyms

• (bag): bag, tote, poke (obsolete)
• (booty obtained by pillage): See Thesaurus:booty
• (informal: dismissal from employment): the axe, pink slip, the boot, the chop, the elbow, one's cards, the old heave-ho
• (colloquial: bed): hay, rack
• (vulgar slang: scrotum): See Thesaurus:scrotum

Hyponyms

• (bag): bindle

Derived terms

Related terms

Descendants

• ? Japanese: ??? (sakku)

Translations

Verb

sack (third-person singular simple present sacks, present participle sacking, simple past and past participle sacked)

1. To put in a sack or sacks.

   Help me sack the groceries.

   • 1903, Jack London, The Call of the Wild, Chapter VII,

     The gold was sacked in moose-hide bags, fifty pounds to the bag […]

2. To bear or carry in a sack upon the back or the shoulders.
3. To plunder or pillage, especially after capture; to obtain spoils of war from.

   The barbarians sacked Rome.

   • 1898, Homer, translated by Samuel Butler, The Iliad, Book IX,

     It [a lyre] was part of the spoils which he had taken when he sacked the city of Eetion […]

4. (American football) To tackle the quarterback behind the line of scrimmage, especially before he is able to throw a pass.
   • 1995, John Crumpacker and Gwen Knapp, "Sack-happy defensive line stuns Dolphins", SFGate.com, November 21,

     On third down, the rejuvenated Rickey Jackson stormed in over All-Pro left tackle Richmond Webb to sack Marino yet again for a 2-yard loss.

5. (informal) To discharge from a job or position; to fire.

   He was sacked last September.

   • 1999, "Russian media mogul dismisses Yeltsin's bid to sack him", CNN.com, March 5,

     […] Boris Berezovsky on Friday dismissed President Boris Yeltsin's move to sack him from his post as executive secretary of the Commonwealth of Independent States, […]

Synonyms

• (plunder, pillage): loot, ransack
• (to remove someone from a job): can, dismiss, fire, lay off, let go, terminate, make redundant, give the axe, give the boot, give (someone) their cards, give the chop, give the elbow, give the old heave-ho, See also: Thesaurus:lay off
• (slang: to hit in the groin): rack

Derived terms

• sackable
• sackage
• sacker
• sack out
• sack up

Translations

Etymology 2

From earlier (wyne) seck from Middle French (vin (“wine”)) sec (“dry”), from Latin siccus (“dry”)

Noun

sack (countable and uncountable, plural sacks)

2. (dated) A variety of light-colored dry wine from Spain or the Canary Islands; also, any strong white wine from southern Europe; sherry.

   • Will't please your lordship drink a cup of sack? ...I ne'er drank sack in my life...

   • Thou art so fat-witted, with drinking of old sack...let a cup of sack be my poison...Wherein is he good, but to taste sack and drink it?

   • 1610, The Tempest, by Shakespeare, act 2 scene 2

     How didst thou 'scape? How cam'st thou hither? swear / by this bottle how thou cam'st hither—I escaped upon / a butt of sack, which the sailors heaved overboard, by / this bottle!

   • The New Sporting Magazine (volume 15, page 23)

     The vesper bell had rung its parting note; the domini were mostly caged in comfortable quarters, discussing the merits of old port; and the merry student had closed his oak, to consecrate the night to friendship, sack, and claret.

Derived terms

• sack-whey

See also

• claret, hock, tent

Etymology 3

Noun

sack (plural sacks)

1. Dated form of sac (“pouch in a plant or animal”).
   • 1938, The Microscope (volumes 1-2, page 56)

     Sometimes fishes are born that have rudimentary yolk sacks. Such young are born prematurely.

Etymology 4

Verb

sack (third-person singular simple present sacks, present participle sacking, simple past and past participle sacked)

1. Alternative spelling of sac (“sacrifice”)

Noun

sack (plural sacks)

1. Alternative spelling of sac (“sacrifice”)

See also

• sack on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Sack in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)

References

• Forbes, Robert Jacobus (1955) Studies in Ancient Technology, vol. IV, p. 66
• ?erný, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ?ISBN, page 149
• Vycichl, Werner (1983) Dictionnaire Étymologique de la Langue Copte, Leuven: Peeters, ?ISBN, page 186
• Hoch, James E. (1994) Semitic Words in Egyptian Texts of the New Kingdom and Third Intermediate Period, Princeton: Princeton University Press, ?ISBN, page 269

Anagrams

• ACKs, SKCA, acks, cask

Westrobothnian

Etymology

From Old Norse sokkr, from Latin soccus (“slipper”), from Ancient Greek ?????? (súkkhos, “a kind of shoe”), probably from Phrygian or another language from Asia Minor.

Pronunciation

• (masc.; str.) IPA^(key): /?s?kh?/

  Rhymes: -??k?

• (masc. def.; str.) IPA^(key): /?s?t??h?en/
• (masc., fem.; wk.) IPA^(key): /²s?kh?/

  Rhymes: -??k?

Noun

sack m or f

1. Sock.

Derived terms

• tåsack