different between calf vs sura

English

Pronunciation

• (UK) enPR: käf, IPA^(key): /k??f/
• (US, Can) enPR: k?f, IPA^(key): /kæf/
• (AUS, General New Zealand, Northern England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland) IPA^(key): /k??f/
• Rhymes: -??f, -æf

Etymology 1

From Middle English calf, kælf, kelf, from Old English cælf, ?ealf;also cognate with German Kalb (“calf”) and Dutch kalf (“calf”), from Proto-Germanic *kalbaz, further etymology unknown.

Noun

calf (plural calves)

1. A young cow or bull.
2. Leather made of the skin of the calf; especially, a fine, light-coloured leather used in bookbinding.
3. A young deer, elephant, seal, whale or giraffe (also used of some other animals).
4. A chunk of ice broken from a larger glacier, ice shelf, or iceberg.
   • 1915 (published), 1848 (first written), Elisha Kent Kane, Adrift in the Arctic Ice Pack

     Our swell ceases with this wind, and the floes seem disposed to come together again; but the days of winter have passed by, and the interposing calves prevent the apposition of the edges

5. A small island, near a larger island.

   the Calf of Man

6. A cabless railroad engine.
7. (informal, dated) An awkward or silly boy or young man; any silly person; a dolt.
   • 1627, Michael Drayton, Nimphidia, the Court of Faery

     some silly, doating, brainless calf

Synonyms

• bullet (rare); cowlet, cowling; moggy (Midlands, now rare)

Derived terms

Related terms

• calve

Translations

See also

• bull
• cow
• veal

Etymology 2

From Middle English calf, kalf, from Old Norse kalfi, possibly derived from the same Germanic root as English calf (“young cow”) (above). Cognate with Icelandic kálfi (“calf of the leg”).

Noun

calf (plural calves)

1. (anatomy) The back of the leg below the knee.
2. The muscle in the back of the leg below the knee.
   • 1988, Steve Holman, "Christian Conquers Columbus", Ironman, 47 (6): 28-34.

     Sure, his calves are a little weak, but the rest of his physique is so overwhelming, he should place high.

Derived terms

• calfless

Translations

References

Anagrams

• CLAF, FLAC

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch calf, from Proto-Germanic *kalbaz.

Noun

calf n

1. calf

Inflection

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Descendants

• Dutch: kalf
• Limburgish: kalf

Further reading

• “calf”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929) , “calf”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, ?ISBN

Middle English

Etymology 1

From Old English cælf, Anglian form of ?ealf, from Proto-Germanic *kalbaz.

Alternative forms

• chalf, chalve, chelve, kelf, kalf, calfe

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kalf/, /t?alf/

Noun

calf (plural calver(e) or calveren or calves)

2. calf (cow that has not fully matured)
3. A representation of a calf; something that looks like a calf.
4. fawn (deer that has not fully matured)
5. (rare) Veal; the meat of calves.

Descendants

• English: calf
• Scots: cauf, cawf, caff, calf
• Yola: callef

References

• “calf, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-07-17.

Etymology 2

From Old Norse kalfi.

Alternative forms

• calfe

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?kalf(?)/

Noun

calf (plural calves)

2. calf (part of the leg).

Descendants

• English: calf
• Scots: cauf

References

• “calf, n.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-07-17.

Old Dutch

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *kalbaz.

Noun

calf n

1. calf

Descendants

• Middle Dutch: calf
  • Dutch: kalf
  • Limburgish: kalf

Further reading

• “kalf”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

Scots

Etymology 1

From Middle English calf (“young cow”).

Noun

calf

1. Alternative form of cauf (“calf (young cow)”)

Etymology 2

From Middle English caf, caff, kaf, kaff, alternative forms of chaf.

Noun

calf

1. Alternative form of caff

English

Etymology 1

From Arabic ??????? (s?ra, “chapter of the Qur'an”).

Alternative forms

• surah, s?rah

Noun

sura (plural suras or suwar)

1. Any of the 114 chapters of the Qur'an.
   • 1985, Kristina Nelson, The Art of Reciting the Qur?an, Cairo, Egypt: American University in Cairo Press (2001), ?ISBN, chapter 2: “Tajw?d”, page 25:

     Most of these essentially uninflected syllables (CV?C) are names of the letters of the alphabet and introduce some of the suwar of the Qur?anic text.

Translations

Etymology 2

Via Hindi ???? (sur?, “wine”), ultimately from Sanskrit ???? (sur?).

Noun

sura (uncountable)

1. The sap of the palmyra or of the coconut palm, palm wine.

Anagrams

• -saur, Ruas, URAs, USAR, USRA, saur

Alangan

Noun

surâ

1. fish

Balinese

Romanization

sura

1. Romanization of ???
2. Romanization of ????
3. Romanization of ???

Catalan

Etymology

From Arabic ??????? (s?ra, “chapter of the Qur'an”).

Pronunciation

• (Balearic, Central) IPA^(key): /?su.??/
• (Valencian) IPA^(key): /?su.?a/

Noun

sura f (plural sures)

1. (Islam) sura

Further reading

• “sura” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

Cebuano

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: su?ra

Verb

sura

1. to tease

Danish

Etymology

From Arabic ??????? (s?ra, “chapter of the Qur'an”).

Noun

sura c (singular definite suraen, plural indefinite suraer)

1. (Islam) sura

Declension

References

• “sura” in Den Danske Ordbog

Hausa

Etymology 1

From Arabic ??????? (s?ra, “chapter of the Qur'an”).

Noun

s?r??? f (plural s?r??r??, possessed form s?r?àr?)

1. (Islam) sura

Etymology 2

From Arabic ??????? (??ra).

Noun

s?r??? f (plural s?r??r??, possessed form s?r?àr?)

1. image, picture, form, appearance

Etymology 3

Verb

s??r?? (grade 3)

1. swoop down to grab something

Irish

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

sura m (genitive singular sura)

1. (textiles) surah (soft twilled silk)

Declension

Mutation

Further reading

• "sura" in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.
• Entries containing “sura” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.

Italian

Etymology 1

From Latin s?ra.

Noun

sura f (plural sure)

1. (anatomy) calf

Etymology 2

from Arabic ??????? (s?ra, “chapter of the Qur'an”).

Noun

sura f (plural sure)

1. (Islam) sura

Latin

Etymology

Possibly related to s??rus (“t-branch, stake”) or from a Proto-Indo-European root common to Ancient Greek ??? (h?ra, “part of a sacrificial victim”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /?su?.ra/, [?s?u??ä]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /?su.ra/, [?su???]

Noun

s?ra f (genitive s?rae); first declension

1. calf (of the leg)

Declension

First-declension noun.

References

• sura in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Maltese

Etymology

From Arabic ??????? (??ra).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?su?.ra/

Noun

sura f (plural suriet)

1. image
2. picture
3. photograph

Norwegian Bokmål

Noun

sura m (definite singular suraen, indefinite plural suraer, definite plural suraene)

1. Alternative form of sure

Norwegian Nynorsk

Noun

sura m (definite singular suraen, indefinite plural suraer or suraar, definite plural suraene or suraane)

1. Alternative form of sure

Polish

Etymology

From Arabic ??????? (s?ra, “chapter of the Qur'an”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?su.ra/

Noun

sura f

1. (Islam) sura

Declension

Romani

Etymology

Probably from Armenian ???? (sur, “sword”).

Noun

sura ? (plural sur)

1. sword

References

• A?a?ean, Hra??eay (1971–1979) , “????”, in Hayer?n armatakan ba?aran [Dictionary of Armenian Root Words] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press

Spanish

Noun

sura m (plural suras)

1. sura

Swahili

Etymology

From Arabic ??????? (s?ra, “chapter of the Qur'an”).

Pronunciation

Noun

sura (n class, plural sura)

1. chapter
2. sura (chapter of the Qur'an)

Swedish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /²s??ra/
• Rhymes: -²??ra

Etymology 1

Derivation of adjective sur.

Adjective

sura

1. absolute singular definite and plural form of sur.

Verb

sura (present surar, preterite surade, supine surat, imperative sura)

1. to sulk
   • 1920, August Strindberg, Efterslåtter

     Vad går du här ensam omkring och surar för? frågade honom en gammal apa, som satt för sig själv och knäckte nötter.

     "Why are you here alone sulking? he was asked by an old monkey, sitting by himself cracking nuts.

     "Most likely he was sulking because she had told him to be ashamed of himself."

   • 2000, Roger Borgelid, Svenska Dagbladet - Människan bakom miljonleendet

     Det var inte länge sedan [han] framstod som en arrogant diva med taskigt humör, en dålig förlorare som surade över en missad tiometersputt,...

     "It was not long ago that he was seen as an arrogant diva with a bad temper, a poor loser who would sulk if he missed a ten-meterputt, ..."

Usage notes

Past participle is basically non-existent for semantic/pragmatic reasons.

Conjugation

See also

• försura

Etymology 2

From Arabic ??????? (s?ra, “chapter of the Qur'an”).

Noun

sura c

1. sura (chapter of the Qur'an)
   • 2004, Göteborgsposten - Nu skall den ene vara den andres fiende

     Koranens 21:a sura berättar att Abraham irriterades över sin pappas och dennes underlydandes avgudadyrkan:...

     "The 21st sura of the Qur'an relates that Abraham was irritated by the idolatry of his daddy and his employees:...

Declension

Anagrams

• rusa

Uzbek

Etymology

From Arabic ??????? (s?ra, “chapter of the Qur'an”).

Noun

sura (plural suralar)

1. (Islam) sura

Declension