different between bureaucracy vs bureau
bureaucracy
English
Alternative forms
- bureaucratie
- bureau-ocracy (dated)
- burocracy (American)
Etymology
bureau +? -cracy, from French bureaucratie, coined by Jean Claude Marie Vincent de Gournay from bureau (“office”) + -cratie (“rule of”)
Pronunciation
- (UK) IPA(key): /bj?????k??si/
- (US) IPA(key): /bj?????k??si/
Noun
bureaucracy (countable and uncountable, plural bureaucracies)
- Government by bureaus or their administrators or officers.
- (business, organizational theory) A system of administration based upon organisation into bureaus, division of labour, a hierarchy of authority, etc., designed to dispose of a large body of work in a routine manner.
- The body of officers and administrators, especially of a government.
- Excessive red tape and routine in any administration, body or behaviour.
Derived terms
- bureaucrat
- bureaucratese
- bureaucratic
- bureaucratically
Translations
See also
- adhocracy
Further reading
- "bureaucracy" in Raymond Williams, Keywords (revised), 1983, Fontana Press, page 49.
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bureau
English
Etymology
Borrowed from French bureau, earlier "coarse cloth (as desk cover), baize", from Old French burel (“woolen cloth”), diminutive of *bure (compare Middle French bure (“coarse woolen cloth”), French bourre (“hair, fluff”)), from Late Latin burra (“wool, fluff, shaggy cloth, coarse fabric”); akin to Ancient Greek ????????? (berbérion, “shabby garment”). Doublet of burel and borrel, taken from Old French.
Pronunciation
- enPR: byo?or??, IPA(key): /?bj??.??/
- enPR: byo?or??, IPA(key): /?bj??.?/
- (US) enPR: by?r??, by?r??, IPA(key): /?bj??.o?/, /?bj??.?/
- (New England)
- Rhymes: -?????, Rhymes: -????
- Rhymes: -?????
- Rhymes: -??
Noun
bureau (plural bureaus or bureaux)
- An administrative unit of government; office.
- 2018, VOA Learning English > China's Melting Glacier Brings Visitors, Adds to Climate Concerns
- Ashley Johnson is an energy, trade and economics expert at the National Bureau of Asian Research, based in the United States.
- 2018, VOA Learning English > China's Melting Glacier Brings Visitors, Adds to Climate Concerns
- An organization or office for collecting or providing information or news.
- An office (room where clerical or professional duties are performed).
- 2015, Victoria Delderfield, Secret Mother:
- There was an eerie silence in the dorm [... in] the factory. [...] The lamp glowed in his bureau, warm and reassuring and, through the window, I could see his papers strewn across the desk. [...] I called his name again. A movement from his bureau. [...] I banged on his door until it opened a crack[. ...] He pushed me out onto the staircase. "Get out," he screamed. The door to his bureau slammed in my face.
- 2015, Victoria Delderfield, Secret Mother:
- (chiefly Britain) A desk, usually with a cover and compartments that are located above the level of the writing surface rather than underneath, and often used for storing papers.
- (US) A chest of drawers for clothes.
Derived terms
- bureau de change
- QSL bureau
Related terms
- bureaucracy
- bureaucrat
- bureaucratic
- bureaugamy
- burel
Translations
Further reading
- bureau in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
- bureau in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
Dutch
Alternative forms
- buro (superseded)
Etymology
Borrowed from French bureau, from Middle French burel, from Old French burel.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /by?ro?/
- Hyphenation: bu?reau
- Rhymes: -o?
Noun
bureau n (plural bureaus, diminutive bureautje n)
- desk [from 18th c.]
- office [from late 18th c.]
Synonyms
- (desk): schrijftafel
- (office): bureel, kantoor
Derived terms
- bureaula
- bureaulamp
- burotica
- consultatiebureau
- politiebureau
- reclamebureau
Related terms
- bureel
Descendants
- Afrikaans: buro
- ? Indonesian: biro
French
Etymology
From Old French burel, diminutive of *bure (compare Middle French bure (“coarse woolen cloth”), French bourre (“hair, fluff”)), from Late Latin burra (“wool, fluff, shaggy cloth, coarse fabric”); akin to Ancient Greek ????????? (berbérion, “shabby garment”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /by.?o/
Noun
bureau m (plural bureaux)
- desk
- office (room)
- ticket office
- the staff of an office
- office; an administrative unit
- (obsolete) frieze (coarse woolen cloth)
Derived terms
Related terms
- bourre
- bourgeon
Descendants
Further reading
- “bureau” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
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