different between buck vs hag

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /b?k/
• Rhymes: -?k
• Homophone: book (accents without the foot–?strut split)

Etymology 1

From Middle English buc, bucke, bukke, from Old English buc, bucc, bucca (“he-goat, stag”), from Proto-Germanic *bukkaz, *bukkô (“buck”), from Proto-Indo-European *b?u?- (“ram”).Cognate with German Bock, Norwegian bukk, West Frisian bok (“he-goat”); also Albanian buzë, Old Armenian ???? (buc, “sucking lamb”), Persian ??? (boz, “goat”), Sanskrit ????? (bukka).

Sense 8 from American English, an abbreviation of buckskin as a unit of trade among Indians and Europeans in frontier days (attested from 1748).

Senses 10 and 11 from American English, possibly originating from the game poker, where a knife (typically with a hilt made from a stag horn) was used as a place-marker to signify whose turn it was to deal. The place-marker was commonly referred to as a buck hence the term ("pass the buck") used in poker, eventually a Silver dollar was used in place of a knife leading to a dollar to be referred to as a buck.

Senses 15 & 16 are from Dutch bok (“sawhorse”), a shortened form of zaagbok (“sawbuck”).

Noun

buck (plural bucks)

1. A male deer, antelope, sheep, goat, rabbit, hare, and sometimes the male of other animals such as the hamster, ferret and shad.
2. (US) An uncastrated sheep, a ram.
3. A young buck; an adventurous, impetuous, dashing, or high-spirited young man.
4. (Britain, obsolete) A fop or dandy.
   • 1808, Alexander Chalmers (editor), The Connoisseur, The British Essayists, Volume 32, page 93,

     This pusillanimous creature thinks himself, and would be thought, a buck.

   • 1825, Constantine Henry Phipps, I Zingari, The English in Italy, Volume II, page 153,

     The Captain was then a buck and dandy, during the reign of those two successive dynasties, of the first rank of the second order ; the characteristic of which very respectable rank of fashionables I hold to be, that their spurs impinge upon the pavement oftener than upon the sides of a horse.

5. (US, dated, derogatory) A black or Native American man.
   • 1979, Octavia Butler, Kindred:

     She got so she'd rather have a buck nigger than me!
6. (US, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, informal) A dollar (one hundred cents).
7. (South Africa, informal) A rand (currency unit).
8. (by extension, Australia, South Africa, US, informal) Money.
9. (US, slang) One hundred.

10. (dated) An object of various types, placed on a table to indicate turn or status; such as a brass object, placed in rotation on a US Navy wardroom dining table to indicate which officer is to be served first, or an item passed around a poker table indicating the dealer or placed in the pot to remind the winner of some privilege or obligation when his or her turn to deal next comes.
11. (US, in certain metaphors or phrases) Blame; responsibility; scapegoating; finger-pointing.

12. (Britain, dialect) The body of a post mill, particularly in East Anglia. See Wikipedia:Windmill machinery.
13. (finance) One million dollars.
14. (informal) A euro.
15. A frame on which firewood is sawed; a sawhorse; a sawbuck.
16. a leather-covered frame used for gymnastic vaulting
17. A wood or metal frame used by automotive customizers and restorers to assist in the shaping of sheet metal bodywork. See Street Rodder "Making a Wood Buck".
18. (African-American Vernacular, dated, dance) Synonym of buck dance
19. Synonym of mule (type of cocktail with ginger ale etc.)

Synonyms

• (male deer): stag
• (male goat): billygoat, billy, buckling, buck-goat, he-goat
• (male ferret): hob, hob-ferret
• (ram): ram, tup
• (slang: dollar): bill, bone, clam, cucumber, dead president, greenback, note, one-spot, paper, simoleon, single, smackeroo
• (item that indicates dealer in poker): button, dealer button

Derived terms

Translations

See also

• doe, doeling, ewe, gill, jill, nanny, nanny-goat, she-goat

Verb

buck (third-person singular simple present bucks, present participle bucking, simple past and past participle bucked)

1. (intransitive) To copulate, as bucks and does.

Etymology 2

From Middle Low German bucken (“to bend”) or Middle Dutch bucken, bocken (“to bend”), intensive forms of Old Saxon b?gan and Old Dutch *b?gan (“to bend, bow”), both from Proto-West Germanic *beugan, from Proto-Germanic *b?gan? (“to bend”), from Proto-Indo-European *b??g?- (“to bend”). Influenced in some senses by buck “male goat” (see above).

Compare bow and elbow.

Verb

buck (third-person singular simple present bucks, present participle bucking, simple past and past participle bucked)

1. (intransitive) To bend; buckle.
2. (intransitive, of a horse or similar saddle or pack animal) To leap upward arching its back, coming down with head low and forelegs stiff, forcefully kicking its hind legs upward, often in an attempt to dislodge or throw a rider or pack.
   • 1849, Jackey Jackey, The Statement of the Aboriginal Native Jackey Jackey, who Accompanied Mr. Kennedy, William Carron, Narrative of an Expedition Undertaken Under the Direction of the Late Mr. Assistant Surveyor E. B. Kennedy, 2004 Gutenberg Australia eBook #0201121,

     At the same time we got speared, the horses got speared too, and jumped and bucked all about, and got into the swamp.

3. (transitive, of a horse or similar saddle or pack animal) To throw (a rider or pack) by bucking.
   • W. E. Norris

     The brute that he was riding had nearly bucked him out of the saddle.

4. (transitive, military) To subject to a mode of punishment which consists of tying the wrists together, passing the arms over the bent knees, and putting a stick across the arms and in the angle formed by the knees.
5. (intransitive, by extension) To resist obstinately; oppose or object strongly.

   The vice president bucked at the board's latest solution.

6. (intransitive, by extension) To move or operate in a sharp, jerking, or uneven manner.

   The motor bucked and sputtered before dying completely.

7. (transitive, by extension) To overcome or shed (e.g., an impediment or expectation), in pursuit of a goal; to force a way through despite (an obstacle); to resist or proceed against.

   The plane bucked a strong headwind.

   Our managers have to learn to buck the trend and do the right thing for their employees.

   John is really bucking the odds on that risky business venture. He's doing quite well.

8. (riveting) To press a reinforcing device (bucking bar) against (the force of a rivet) in order to absorb vibration and increase expansion. See Wikipedia: Rivet:Installation.
9. (forestry) To saw a felled tree into shorter lengths, as for firewood.
10. (electronics) To output a voltage that is lower than the input voltage. See Wikipedia: Buck converter

Derived terms

Translations

Etymology 3

See beech.

Noun

buck (plural bucks)

1. (Scotland) The beech tree.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Johnson to this entry?)

Derived terms

• buckwheat, buckmast, buck-mast

Etymology 4

From Middle English bouken (“steep in lye”), ultimately related to the root of beech. Cognate with Middle High German büchen, Swedish byka, Danish byge and Low German b?ken.

Noun

buck

1. Lye or suds in which cloth is soaked in the operation of bleaching, or in which clothes are washed.
   • 1673, Robert Almond, The English Horseman and Complete Farrier, London: Simon Miller, Chapter 25 “Maunginess in the Main,” p. 236,^[1]

     […] when you find the scurf to fall off, wash the Neck and other parts with Buck Lye made blood warm.

2. The cloth or clothes soaked or washed.
   • c. 1600, William Shakespeare, The Merry Wives of Windsor, Act III, Scene 3,^[2]

     Buck! I would I could wash myself of the buck!

Derived terms

• buck-basket

Verb

buck (third-person singular simple present bucks, present participle bucking, simple past and past participle bucked)

2. To soak, steep or boil in lye or suds, as part of the bleaching process.
3. To wash (clothes) in lye or suds, or, in later usage, by beating them on stones in running water.
4. (mining) To break up or pulverize, as ores.
   • 1991, Joan Day, R. F. Tylecote, The industrial revolution in metals (page 89)

     This [ore mixture] was bucked or cobbed down to a 'peasy' size (i.e. the size of a pea) or less, using a flat-bottomed bucking hammer, and then riddled into coarse peasy and finer (sand-sized) 'smitham' grades.

References

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /hæ?/
• Rhymes: -æ?

Etymology 1

From Middle English hagge, hegge (“demon, old woman”), shortening of Old English hægtesse, hægtes (“harpy, witch”), from Proto-Germanic *hagatusj? (compare Saterland Frisian Häkse (“witch”), Dutch heks, German Hexe (“witch”)), compounds of (1) *hagaz (“able, skilled”) (compare Old Norse hagr (“handy, skillful”), Middle High German behac (“pleasurable”)), from Proto-Indo-European *?ak- (compare Sanskrit ??????? (?aknóti, “he can”)), and (2) *tusj? (“witch”) (compare dialectal Norwegian tysja (“fairy, she-elf”)).

Noun

hag (plural hags)

1. A witch, sorceress, or enchantress; a wizard.
2. (derogatory) An ugly old woman.
3. A fury; a she-monster.
   • 1646, Richard Crashaw, Steps to the Temple, “Sospetto D' Herode”, stanza 37:

     Fourth of the cursed knot of hags is she / Or rather all the other three in one; / Hell's shop of slaughter she does oversee, / And still assist the execution

4. A hagfish; one of various eel-like fish of the family Myxinidae, allied to the lamprey, with a suctorial mouth, labial appendages, and a single pair of gill openings.
5. A hagdon or shearwater; one of various sea birds of the genus Puffinus.
6. (obsolete) An appearance of light and fire on a horse's mane or a man's hair.
7. The fruit of the hagberry, Prunus padus.
8. (slang) sleep paralysis

Synonyms

• (witch or sorceress): See Thesaurus:magician
• (ugly old woman): See Thesaurus:ugly woman
• (eel-like marine fish): borer, hagfish, sleepmarken, slime eel, sucker, myxinid
• (sea bird): hagdon, haglet, shearwater
• (fruit of the hagberry): bird cherry, hackberry

Derived terms

• fag hag

Translations

Etymology 2

From Scots hag (“to cut”), from Old Norse h?gg (“cut, gap, breach”), derivative of h?ggva (“to hack, hew”); compare English hew.

Noun

hag (plural hags)

1. A small wood, or part of a wood or copse, which is marked off or enclosed for felling, or which has been felled.
2. A quagmire; mossy ground where peat or turf has been cut.

Etymology 3

From Proto-Germanic *hag(g)?nan (compare obsolete Dutch hagen (“to torment, agonize”), Norwegian haga (“to tire, weaken”)).

Verb

hag (third-person singular simple present hags, present participle hagging, simple past and past participle hagged)

1. (transitive) To harass; to weary with vexation.

References

Further reading

• Hag in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)

Anagrams

• HGA, agh, gah, gha

Breton

Conjunction

hag

1. and

Synonyms

• (before consonants or /j/) ha

Cornish

Conjunction

hag

1. and

Synonyms

• (before consonants) ha

Danish

Verb

hag

1. imperative of hage

Scots

Etymology 1

From Middle English haggen (“to hack, chop, cut”), from Old Norse h?ggva (“to hew”). Compare English hag, above. Noun attested from the 14th century in Older Scots, with the verb from c. 1400.

Alternative forms

• hagg
• haag, haug

Noun

hag (plural hags)

1. a notch; a pit or break
2. a stroke of an axe or similar instrument
3. the felling of timber; the quantity of wood felled
4. a quagmire from which peat or turf is cut

Verb

hag (third-person singular present hags, present participle haggin, past hagg'd, past participle haggit)

1. to chop (wood); to hack; to dig out (coal etc.)
2. (figuratively) to make a hash of (something)
3. to cut down trees and prepare timber

Etymology 2

Unknown. Perhaps from Etymology 1 above, “to hack”, thus “castrate”. Compare hogg (“a young sheep”). Attested from the 19th century.

Noun

hag (plural hags)

1. an ox
2. a cattleman, one who raises cattle or oxen

   Synonym: hagman

Etymology 3

From Icelandic hagga (“to budge; to put out of place”). Attested from the 20th century.

Verb

hag (third-person singular present hags, present participle haggin, past hagg'd, past participle haggit)

1. to hinder; to impede

References

• “hag, v¹, n¹.”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–, OCLC 57069714, reproduced from W[illiam] Grant and D[avid] D. Murison, editors, The Scottish National Dictionary, Edinburgh: Scottish National Dictionary Association, 1931–1976, ?OCLC
• “hag, n.”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–, OCLC 57069714, reproduced from William A[lexander] Craigie, A[dam] J[ack] Aitken [et al.], editors, A Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue: […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, 1931–2002, ?OCLC
• “hag, v.”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–, OCLC 57069714, reproduced from William A[lexander] Craigie, A[dam] J[ack] Aitken [et al.], editors, A Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue: […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, 1931–2002, ?OCLC
• “haggen, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
• “hag, n².”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–, OCLC 57069714, reproduced from W[illiam] Grant and D[avid] D. Murison, editors, The Scottish National Dictionary, Edinburgh: Scottish National Dictionary Association, 1931–1976, ?OCLC
• “hag, v².”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–, OCLC 57069714, reproduced from W[illiam] Grant and D[avid] D. Murison, editors, The Scottish National Dictionary, Edinburgh: Scottish National Dictionary Association, 1931–1976, ?OCLC

Westrobothnian

Etymology

From Old Saxon hago (“enclosure”). Doublet of haga.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [h???], [hæ??]

  Rhymes: -á??, -???

  (a-o merger) Rhymes: -????, -????

Noun

hag n (definite hagjä)

1. simple fence or enclosure made of sticks, twigs or bushes
2. (hunting) such a construction used for hunting, with openings with snares and traps where birds and hares are caught

Derived terms

• ryphag

Related terms

• hååg
• haga
• hägi