different between base vs gross

English

Pronunciation

• enPR: b?s, IPA^(key): /be?s/
• Hyphenation: base
• Rhymes: -e?s
• Homophone: bass

Etymology 1

From Middle English base, bas, baas, from Old French base, from Latin basis, from Ancient Greek ????? (básis). Doublet of basis.

Noun

base (plural bases)

1. Something from which other things extend; a foundation.
   1. A supporting, lower or bottom component of a structure or object.
2. The starting point of a logical deduction or thought; basis.
3. A permanent structure for housing military personnel and material.
4. The place where decisions for an organization are made; headquarters.
5. (cooking, painting, pharmacy) A basic but essential component or ingredient.
6. A substance used as a mordant in dyeing.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Ure to this entry?)

7. (cosmetics) Foundation: a cosmetic cream to make the face appear uniform.
8. (chemistry) Any of a class of generally water-soluble compounds, having bitter taste, that turn red litmus blue, and react with acids to form salts.
9. Important areas in games and sports.
   1. A safe zone in the children's games of tag and hide-and-go-seek.
   3. (baseball) One of the four places that a runner can stand without being subject to being tagged out when the ball is in play.
10. (architecture) The lowermost part of a column, between the shaft and the pedestal or pavement.
11. (biology, biochemistry) A nucleotide's nucleobase in the context of a DNA or RNA biopolymer.
12. (botany) The end of a leaf, petal or similar organ where it is attached to its support.
13. (electronics) The name of the controlling terminal of a bipolar transistor (BJT).
14. (geometry) The lowest side of a in a triangle or other polygon, or the lowest face of a cone, pyramid or other polyhedron laid flat.
15. (heraldry) The lowest third of a shield or escutcheon.
16. (heraldry) The lower part of the field. See escutcheon.
17. (mathematics) A number raised to the power of an exponent.

    The logarithm to base 2 of 8 is 3.

18. (mathematics) Synonym of radix.
19. (topology) The set of sets from which a topology is generated.
20. (topology) A topological space, looked at in relation to one of its covering spaces, fibrations, or bundles.
21. (group theory) A sequence of elements not jointly stabilized by any nontrivial group element.
22. (acrobatics, cheerleading) In hand-to-hand balance, the person who supports the flyer; the person that remains in contact with the ground.
23. (linguistics) A morpheme (or morphemes) that serves as a basic foundation on which affixes can be attached.
24. (music) Dated form of bass.
    • 1682, John Dryden, Mac Flecknoe

      The trebles squeak for fear, the bases roar.

25. (military, historical) The smallest kind of cannon.
26. (archaic) The housing of a horse.
27. (historical, in the plural) A kind of skirt (often of velvet or brocade, but sometimes of mailed armour) which hung from the middle to about the knees, or lower.
28. (obsolete) The lower part of a robe or petticoat.
29. (obsolete) An apron.
    • 1613, John Marston, The Insatiate Countess

      bakers in their linen bases

30. A line in a survey which, being accurately determined in length and position, serves as the origin from which to compute the distances and positions of any points or objects connected with it by a system of triangles.

    (Can we find and add a quotation of Lyman to this entry?)

31. (politics) A group of voters who almost always support a single party's candidates for elected office.
32. (Marxism) The forces and relations of production that produce the necessities and amenities of life.
33. A material that holds paint or other materials together; a binder.
34. (aviation) Short for base leg.

Synonyms

• (chemical compound that will neutralize an acid): alkali

Antonyms

• (chemical compound that will neutralize an alkali): acid
• (end of a leaf): apex

Hyponyms

Derived terms

Related terms

Translations

Verb

base (third-person singular simple present bases, present participle basing, simple past and past participle based)

1. (transitive) To give as its foundation or starting point; to lay the foundation of.
2. (transitive) To be located (at a particular place).
3. (acrobatics, cheerleading) To act as a base; to be the person supporting the flyer.
   • 2005, John T. Warren, Laura B. Lengel, Casting Gender: Women and Performance in Intercultural Context, ?ISBN, page 73:

     Apart from time taken out during radio- and chemotherapy, Maurs continued to participate in POW. She would base a flyer in a double balance and make the audience laugh with her clowning antics for two more shows.

Derived terms

• base on

Translations

Etymology 2

From Middle English base, bas, from Old French bas, from Late Latin bassus (“low”). Cognate with Spanish bajo, Italian basso and base.

Adjective

base (comparative baser or more base, superlative basest or most base)

1. (obsolete) Low in height; short.
2. Low in place or position.
3. (obsolete) Of low value or degree.

   • If thou livest in paine and sorrow, thy base courage is the cause of it, To die there wanteth but will.

4. (archaic) Of low social standing or rank; vulgar, common.
   • 1623, Francis Bacon, De Augmentis Scientiarum

     a peasant and base swain

5. Morally reprehensible, immoral; cowardly.
   • 1551, Ralph Robynson (translator}, More's Utopia

     a cruel act of a base and a cowardish mind
6. (now rare) Inferior; unworthy, of poor quality.
7. Designating those metals which are not classed as precious or noble.
8. Alloyed with inferior metal; debased.

9. (obsolete) Of illegitimate birth; bastard.
10. Not classical or correct.

    • base Latin

11. Obsolete form of bass.

12. (law) Not held by honourable service.

Usage notes

• Said of fellows, motives, occupations, etc.

Synonyms

• (low, short): little, petite, short
• (of position): low-lying, lowland
• (of value): See Thesaurus:insignificant
• (vulgar, common): common, low-born, lowly, plebeian, vulgar
• (immoral): See Thesaurus:despicable or Thesaurus:evil
• (of inferior quality): See Thesaurus:low-quality
• (describing metals):
• (of illegitimate birth): See Thesaurus:illegitimate
• (not classical):
• (not held by honourable service):

Antonyms

• likeable
• desirable
• admirable
• noble

Derived terms

Translations

Etymology 3

Probably a specific use of Etymology 1, above; perhaps also a development of the plural of bar.

Noun

base (uncountable)

1. (now chiefly US, historical) The game of prisoners' bars. [from 15th c.]
   • 1596, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, V.8:

     So ran they all, as they had bene at bace, / They being chased that did others chase.

Etymology 4

Variant forms.

Noun

base

1. Alternative form of BASE

Derived terms

• base jumper
• base jumping

Further reading

• base on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Base in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)
• base in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• base in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.

Anagrams

• Abes, EABs, EBSA, baes

Afrikaans

Noun

base

1. plural of baas

Asturian

Etymology

From Latin basis, from Ancient Greek ????? (básis).

Noun

base f (plural bases)

1. base

Related terms

• basar
• básicu

Catalan

Etymology

From Latin basis, from Ancient Greek ????? (básis).

Pronunciation

• (Balearic, Central) IPA^(key): /?ba.z?/
• (Valencian) IPA^(key): /?ba.ze/

Noun

base f (plural bases)

1. base
2. basis
3. grounding
4. foundation

Derived terms

• base de dades

Related terms

• basar
• basal
• bàsic

Further reading

• “base” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

Czech

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?bas?]

Noun

base

1. dative singular of basa
2. locative singular of basa
3. vocative singular of bas
4. locative singular of bas

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?ba?z?]

Noun

base f

1. Obsolete form of báze.

Declension

Danish

Noun

base c (singular definite basen, plural indefinite baser)

1. (chemistry) base (generally understood to be a Brønsted-Lowry base)
2. (military) base
3. headquarters

Declension

Synonyms

• (headquarters): hovedkvarter

Dutch

Alternative forms

• basis (obsolete in this sense)

Etymology

Borrowed from French base, from Latin basis. Doublet of basis. Also a distant doublet of komst, via Proto-Indo-European *g???tis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?ba?.z?/
• Hyphenation: ba?se
• Rhymes: -a?z?

Noun

base f (plural basen, diminutive basetje n)

1. (chemistry) base (class of compounds), alkali

Synonyms

• loog

Antonyms

• zuur

Derived terms

• basisch
• basenpaar
• basenvolgorde
• Lewisbase

Descendants

• ? Indonesian: basa

References

• “base” in Woordenlijst Nederlandse Taal – Officiële Spelling, Nederlandse Taalunie. [the official spelling word list for the Dutch language]

French

Etymology

From Old French base, from Latin basis, from Ancient Greek ????? (básis).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /baz/, /b?z/
• (France) IPA^(key): [baz]
• (Quebec, formal) IPA^(key): [b??z]
• (Quebec, informal) IPA^(key): [b???z]

Noun

base f (plural bases)

1. base (bottom part of something)
2. base (safe place)
3. base, basis (fundamental belief)
4. (chemistry) base

Derived terms

Further reading

• “base” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Galician

Etymology

From Latin basis, from Ancient Greek ????? (básis).

Noun

base f (plural bases)

1. base

Related terms

• basear
• básico

Italian

Etymology

From Latin basis, from Ancient Greek ????? (básis).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?ba.ze/

Noun

base f (plural basi)

1. base, alkaline
2. basis
3. (figuratively) mainstay

Antonyms

• sommità, altezza

Related terms

• basare
• basico
• basilare
• di base
• in base a

Latin

Noun

base

1. ablative singular of basis

Middle English

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Old French base, from Latin basis, from Ancient Greek ?????? (básis), from Proto-Indo-European *g?émtis.

Alternative forms

• bace, bas, baas, basse

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?ba?s(?)/

Noun

base (plural bases)

1. A foundation or base; the bottom of a building.
2. The foundation, base, or bottom of a column, statue, or vase.
3. (rare) Padding inserted below a horse's bridle.
4. (rare) A hand's palm; the section of a hand below the fingers.
5. (rare) The bottom portion of a dress.
6. (rare, alchemy) The mix of metals used as a base for alchemical operations.

Descendants

• English: base
• Scots: base

References

• “b?s(e, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2019-03-03.

Etymology 2

Adjective

base

1. Alternative form of bas

Etymology 3

Noun

base

1. Alternative form of bace

Moore

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bà.se/

Verb

base

1. to leave
2. to cancel, stop, cease
3. to abandon, throw away

Northern Sami

Pronunciation

• (Kautokeino) IPA^(key): /?pase/

Verb

base

1. inflection of bassit:
   1. present indicative connegative
   2. second-person singular imperative
   3. imperative connegative

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From English base, and French base (“in chemistry”)

Noun

base m (definite singular basen, indefinite plural baser, definite plural basene)

1. (chemistry, military, general) a base

Derived terms

References

• “base” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From English base, and French base (“in chemistry”)

Noun

base m (definite singular basen, indefinite plural basar, definite plural basane)

1. (chemistry, military, general) a base

Derived terms

• basisk
• database
• marinebase
• militærbase

References

• “base” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old French

Etymology

From Latin basis, from Ancient Greek ????? (básis).

Noun

base f (oblique plural bases, nominative singular base, nominative plural bases)

1. base (bottom part; supporting part)

Descendants

• French: base
• ? Middle English: base, bace, bas, baas, basse
  • English: base
  • Scots: base

References

• Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l'ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IX^e au XV^e siècle (1881) (base, supplement)

Portuguese

Etymology

From Latin basis, from Ancient Greek ????? (básis).

Pronunciation

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /?ba.z?/
• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /?ba.zi/, [?bä.z??]

Noun

base f (plural bases)

1. basis
2. base
3. (chemistry) base
4. groundwork

Antonyms

• (chemistry): acid

Spanish

Etymology

From Latin basis, from Ancient Greek ????? (básis).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?base/, [?ba.se]

Noun

base f (plural bases)

1. base
2. basis
3. (linear algebra) basis
   • Base on the Spanish Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^es
4. grounding
5. foundation
6. (basketball) point guard
   • Base on the Spanish Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^es
7. (baseball) base

Derived terms

• a base de
• a base de bien
• barrebases
• base de datos
• placa base

Related terms

• basar
• basal
• básico

Verb

base

1. Formal second-person singular (usted) imperative form of basar.
2. First-person singular (yo) present subjunctive form of basar.
3. Formal second-person singular (usted) present subjunctive form of basar.
4. Third-person singular (él, ella, also used with usted^?) present subjunctive form of basar.

Venetian

Adjective

base f

1. feminine plural of baso

English

Etymology

From Middle English gross (“whole, entire; flagrant, monstrous”), from Old French gros (“big, thick, large, stout”), from Late Latin grossus (“thick in diameter, coarse”), and Medieval Latin grossus (“great, big”), influenced by Old High German gr?z (“big, thick, coarse”), from Proto-Germanic *grautaz (“large, great, thick, coarse grained, unrefined”), from Proto-Indo-European *g?er- (“to rub, to stroke, to grind”). Cognate with French grossier (“gross”). See also French dialectal grôt, groût (“large”) (Berry) and grô (“large”) (Burgundy), Catalan gros (“big”), Dutch groot (“big, large”), German groß (“large”), English great. More at great.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /????s/
• (US) IPA^(key): /??o?s/
• Homophone: Gross
• Rhymes: -??s

Adjective

gross (comparative grosser or more gross, superlative grossest or most gross)

1. (of behaviour considered to be wrong) Highly or conspicuously offensive.

   Synonyms: serious, flagrant, shameful, appalling, egregious.

   • c. 1595, William Shakespeare, Richard II, Act II, Scene 3,^[1]

     Henry IV. My gracious uncle, let me know my fault:

     On what condition stands it and wherein?

     Edmund of Langley. Even in condition of the worst degree,

     In gross rebellion and detested treason:

   • 1682, Aphra Behn, The City-Heiress, London: D. Brown et al., Act IV, Scene 1, p. 40,^[2]

     Your very faults, how gross soere, to me

     Have something pleasing in ’em.

   • 1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, Dublin: John Smith, Volume 3, Book 18, Chapter 10, p. 336,^[3]

     […] I thank Heaven I have had Time to reflect on my past Life, where though I cannot charge myself with any gross Villainy, yet I can discern Follies and Vices too sufficient to repent and to be ashamed of;

   • 1813, Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice, Chapter 13,^[4]

     […] had his actions been what Wickham represented them, so gross a violation of every thing right could hardly have been concealed from the world;

   • 1908, Kenneth Grahame, The Wind in the Willows, Chapter 6,^[5]

     […] he has been found guilty, on the clearest evidence, first, of stealing a valuable motor-car; secondly, of driving to the public danger; and, thirdly, of gross impertinence to the rural police.

2. (of an amount) Excluding any deductions; including all associated amounts.

   Synonyms: whole, entire, overall, total, aggregate

   Antonym: net

   • c. 1597, William Shakespeare, Henry IV, Part 2, Act II, Scene 1,^[6]

     What is the gross sum that I owe thee?

   • 1878, Thomas Hardy, The Return of the Native, Book 6, Chapter 1,^[7]

     For a man of his habits the house and the hundred and twenty pounds a year which he had inherited from his mother were enough to supply all worldly needs. Resources do not depend upon gross amounts, but upon the proportion of spendings to takings.

   • 1937, George Orwell, The Road to Wigan Pier, Penguin, 1962, Part 1, Chapter 3, p. 37,^[8]

     […] please notice that even these wretched earnings are gross earnings. On top of this there are all kinds of stoppages which are deducted from the miner’s wages every week.

3. (sciences, pathology) Seen without a microscope (usually for a tissue or an organ); at a large scale; not detailed.

   Synonym: macroscopic

   Antonym: microscopic

   • 1962, Rachel Carson, Silent Spring, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, Chapter 12, p. 190,^[9]

     We are accustomed to look for the gross and immediate effect and to ignore all else. Unless this appears promptly and in such obvious form that it cannot be ignored, we deny the existence of hazard.

4. (slang, Canada, US) Causing disgust.

   Synonyms: gro, grody, grotty, disgusting, nasty, revolting, yucky

   • 1978, Armistead Maupin, Tales of the City, New York: Harper & Row, 1989, “Ties That Bind,” p. 293,^[10]

     Mary Ann spent her lunch hour at Hastings, picking out just the right tie for Norman. The hint might not be terribly subtle, she decided, but somebody had to do something about that gross, gravy-stained clip-on number.

   • 2002, Jeffrey Eugenides, Middlesex, New York: Picador, Book 3, p. 306,^[11]

     The next-door neighbor’s cat coughed up a hairball one day and the hair was not the cat’s. “That’s so gross!”

5. Lacking refinement in behaviour or manner; offending a standard of morality.

   Synonyms: coarse, rude, vulgar, obscene, impure

   • 1777, Richard Brinsley Sheridan, The School for Scandal, Act I, Scene 1, ^[12]

     Verjuice. She certainly has Talents.

     Lady Sneerwell. But her manner is gross.

   • 1874: Dodsley et al., A Select Collection of Old English Plays

     But man to know God is a difficulty, except by a mean he himself inure, which is to know God’s creatures that be: at first them that be of the grossest nature, and then [...] them that be more pure.
6. (of a product) Lacking refinement; not of high quality.

   Synonyms: coarse, rough, unrefined

   Antonym: fine

   • 1860, John Ruskin, Modern Painters, Volume 5, Part 6, Chapter 10, § 5,^[13]

     The flowers of Rubens are gross and rude […]

   • 1944, Emily Carr, The House of All Sorts, “Lorenzo Was Registered,” ^[14]

     He scorned my wholesome kennel fare, toothing out dainties and leaving the grosser portions to be finished by the other dogs.

7. (of a person) Heavy in proportion to one's height; having a lot of excess flesh.

   Synonyms: great, large, bulky, fat, obese

   • 1925, W. Somerset Maugham, The Painted Veil, London: Heinemann, 1934, Chapter 79,^[15]

     Kitty noticed that her sister’s pregnancy had blunted her features and in her black dress she looked gross and blousy.

   • 2013, Hilary Mantel, ‘Royal Bodies’, London Review of Books, 35.IV:

     He collected a number of injuries that stopped him jousting, and then in middle age became stout, eventually gross.

8. (archaic) Not sensitive in perception or feeling.

   Synonyms: dull, witless

   • 1611, King James Version of the Bible, Matthew 13.15,^[16]

     For this people’s heart is waxed gross, and their ears are dull of hearing, and their eyes they have closed; lest at any time they should see with their eyes and hear with their ears, and should understand with their heart, and should be converted, and I should heal them.

   • 1634, John Milton, Comus, in Poems of Mr. John Milton, London: Humphrey Moseley, 1645, p. ,^[17]

     A thousand liveried Angels lacky her [the chaste soul],

     Driving far off each thing of sin and guilt,

     And in cleer dream, and solemn vision

     Tell her of things that no gross ear can hear.

9. (now chiefly poetic) Difficult or impossible to see through.

   Synonyms: thick, heavy

   • 1594, Christopher Marlowe, Edward II, London: William Jones,^[18]

     Couragious Lancaster, imbrace thy king,

     And as grosse vapours perish by the sunne,

     Euen so let hatred with thy soueraigne smile,

   • 1611, King James Version of the Bible, Isaiah 60.2,^[19]

     For, behold, the darkness shall cover the earth, and gross darkness the people: but the Lord shall arise upon thee, and his glory shall be seen upon thee.

   • 1785, William Cowper, The Task, London: J. Johnson, Book 3, p. 116,^[20]

     A pestilent and most corrosive steam,

     Like a gross fog Boeotian, rising fast,

     And fast condensed upon the dewy sash,

     Asks egress;

   • 1870, James Russell Lowell, The Cathedral, Boston: Fields, Osgood, p. 34,^[21]

     […] a larger life

     Upon his own impinging, with swift glimpse

     Of spacious circles luminous with mind,

     To which the ethereal substance of his own

     Seems but gross cloud to make that visible,

     Touched to a sudden glory round the edge.

10. (obsolete) Easy to perceive.

    Synonyms: obvious, clear

    • c. 1598, William Shakespeare, Henry V, Act II, Scene 2,^[22]

      […] though the truth of it stands off as gross

      As black and white, my eye will scarcely see it.

Synonyms

• (heavy in proportion to one's height): See also Thesaurus:obese

Derived terms

• grossen
• grossish
• grossly

Translations

Noun

gross (countable and uncountable, plural gross or grosses)

1. Twelve dozen = 144.
2. The total nominal earnings or amount, before taxes, expenses, exceptions or similar are deducted. That which remains after all deductions is called net.
3. The bulk, the mass, the masses.

Translations

Verb

gross (third-person singular simple present grosses, present participle grossing, simple past and past participle grossed)

1. (transitive) To earn money, not including expenses.

   The movie grossed three million on the first weekend.

Derived terms

Related terms

• engross
• grocer, grocery, groceries

Anagrams

• Sgros, Sorgs

German

Adjective

gross (comparative grösser, superlative am grössten)

1. Switzerland and Liechtenstein standard spelling of groß

Declension

Pennsylvania German

Etymology

From Old High German gr?z, from Proto-Germanic *grautaz. Compare German groß, Dutch groot, English great.

Adjective

gross (comparative greesser, superlative greescht)

1. big, large

Derived terms

• Grossdaadi
• Grossmammi

Swedish

Etymology

From French grosse (douzaine), "large (dozen)"

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?r?s/

Noun

gross n

1. a gross, twelve dozen (144)

Declension

Related terms

• grosshandlare

See also

• dussin
• tjog

Anagrams

• sorgs