different between aurum vs durum

English

Etymology

From Latin aurum (“gold”). Doublet of or.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /???.??m/
• Rhymes: -????m

Noun

aurum (uncountable)

1. (chemistry) gold, used in the names of various substances (see Derived terms)
2. An Italian liqueur

Derived terms

• aurum fulminans
• aurum mosacium
• aurum musivum

Descendants

• ? Malay: aurum

Latin

Alternative forms

• ausum

Etymology

Rhoticization of earlier ausum, from Proto-Italic *auzom, from Proto-Indo-European *h?é-h?us-óm (“gold”), from *h?ews- (“to dawn, become light, become red”). Cognate with Lithuanian áuksas, Old Lithuanian ausas, Old Prussian ausis, Tocharian A wäs, Tocharian B yas?.

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /?au?.rum/, [?äu?????]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /?au?.rum/, [???u?rum]

Noun

aurum n (genitive aur?); second declension

1. gold (as mineral or metal)
2. gold (colour)
3. any object made of gold, such as a gold coin or a gold ring
4. lustre
5. a Golden Age

Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter), singular only.

Synonyms

• (the metal gold): chr?sos

Derived terms

Related terms

Descendants

• Eastern Romance:
  • Balkan-Romance:
    • Aromanian: avru
    • Istro-Romanian: aur
    • Romanian: aur
  • Dalmatian: jaur, yaur, uar, vuar
• Western Romance:
  • Gallo-Romance:
    • Gallo-Italic:
      • Emilian: òr, ôr
      • Ligurian: öo
      • Lombard: òr
      • Piedmontese: òr
      • Romagnol: or
    • Ocitano-Romance
      • Old Occitan: aur
        • Catalan: or
        • Occitan: aur
    • Oïl:
      • Old French: or
        • Middle French: or
          • French: or
    • Rhaeto-Romance:
      • Friulian: aur
      • Ladin: or
      • Romansch: aur, or, ôr
  • Ibero-Romance
    • Navarro-Aragonese:
      • Aragonese: oro
    • Old Leonese:
      • Asturian: oru
      • Extremaduran: oru
      • Leonese: oru, ouru
      • Mirandese: ouro
    • Old Portuguese: ouro
      • Galician: ouro
      • Portuguese: ouro
    • Old Spanish: oro
      • Ladino: oro
      • Spanish: oro
  • Italo-Romance:
    • Corsican: oru
    • Italian: oro
    • Neapolitan: oro
    • Sicilian: oru, àuru
    • Venetian: oro
• Non-Romance:
  • ? Albanian: ar
  • ? Celtic:
    • Brythonic:
      • Breton: aour
      • Cornish: owr
      • Welsh: aur, awr
    • Old Irish: ór
      • Irish: ór
      • Manx: airh
      • Scottish Gaelic: òr
  • ? English: aurum
  • Esperanto: oro

References

• De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, ?ISBN, page 63

Further reading

• aurum in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• aurum in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• aurum in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
• aurum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
• aurum in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• aurum in William Smith et al., editor (1890) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

Malay

Alternative forms

• ???????

Etymology

Borrowed from English aurum, from Latin aurum.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [aurom], [aur?m], [?rum], [aurum]
• Rhymes: -urum, -rum, -um

Noun

aurum (Jawi spelling ???????, informal 1st possessive aurumku, impolite 2nd possessive aurummu, 3rd possessive aurumnya)

1. gold (element)

Synonyms

• emas / ????
• kencana / ??????

Old Norse

Etymology

See the etymology of the main entry.

Noun

aurum

1. dative plural of eyrir

English

Etymology

Borrowing from Latin d?rum, nominative neuter singular of d?rus (“hard”). Doublet of dour and dure.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /?dju???m/, /?d?.??m/
• Homophone: Durham

Noun

durum (usually uncountable, plural durums)

1. (often used attributively) Ellipsis of durum wheat
   • 1933 October, Glenn S. Smith, J. Allen Clark, Inheritance of Stem-Rust reaction and Correlation of Characters in Pentad, Nodak, and Akrona Durum-Wheat Crosses, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin 385, page 2,

     Much has been done in crossing Triticum durum Desf. and T. vulgare Vill.² in an attempt to produce common wheats that are as resistant to stem rust as are the durums.

   • 2003 October, Commission staff, Durum and Hard Red Spring Wheat From Canada, U.S. International Trade Commission, Publication 3639, page V-5,

     The Minneapolis Grain Exchange stated that durum is a small volume commodity with very specific uses. The durum futures contract traded sporadically for several years, and the Exchange declared the durum futures market dormant after there were no trades and no open interest in any futures contracts.

   • 2012, Ruby Parker Puckett, Foodservice Manual for Health Care Institutions, Wiley (Jossey-Bass), 4th Edition, page 397,

     Water is added to a mixture of durum meal or flour, semolina, and farina to make dough that is forced through dies to make tubular macaroni products and cord-like spaghetti.

Translations

Azerbaijani

Etymology

From dur (“to stand”) +? -um. The sense 'situation' may be a semantic borrowing from Turkish durum.

Noun

durum (definite accusative durumu, plural)

1. firmness, steadfastness

   Synonyms: davam, dözüm, tab, s?bat

2. tenacity, endurance

   Synonyms: davaml?l?q, möhk?mlik

3. nutritional value

   Synonyms: doyumluluq, qidal?l?q

4. abutment, pier
5. standing

   Synonym: dayanacaq

6. hard and fine sand or soil
7. situation

   Synonym: v?ziyy?t

8. condition, status, state

   Synonym: hal

Declension

References

Latin

Adjective

d?rum

1. nominative neuter singular of d?rus

Old Norse

Noun

durum f pl

1. dative indefinite of dyrr

Turkish

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

durum (definite accusative durumu, plural durumlar)

1. situation; status, condition

Declension

Synonyms

• (situation): hâl, konum, vaziyet

Derived terms