different between artificial vs sham

English

Etymology

From Middle English artificial (“man-made”) via Old French (modern French artificiel), from Latin artificialis from artificium (“skill”), from artifex, from ars (“skill”), and -fex, from facere (“to make”). Displaced native Old English cræftl??.

Pronunciation

• enPR: ä(r)t?f?sh'?l, IPA^(key): /??(?)t??f???l/
• Rhymes: -???l

Adjective

artificial (comparative more artificial, superlative most artificial)

1. Man-made; of artifice.

2. False, misleading.

3. Unnatural.

Synonyms

• artificious

Antonyms

• (unnatural): natural

Derived terms

Related terms

• artifact
• artifice
• artificer

Translations

See also

• fake

References

• artificial at OneLook Dictionary Search
• artificial in Keywords for Today: A 21st Century Vocabulary, edited by The Keywords Project, Colin MacCabe, Holly Yanacek, 2018.
• artificial in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.

Aragonese

Etymology

From Latin artifici?lis.

Adjective

artificial (plural artificials)

1. artificial

Derived terms

• intelichencia artificial

Asturian

Etymology

From Latin artifici?lis.

Adjective

artificial (epicene, plural artificiales)

1. artificial

Catalan

Etymology

From Latin artifici?lis.

Pronunciation

• (Balearic) IPA^(key): /??.ti.fi.si?al/
• (Central) IPA^(key): /?r.ti.fi.si?al/
• (Valencian) IPA^(key): /a?.ti.fi.si?al/

Adjective

artificial (masculine and feminine plural artificials)

1. artificial

   Antonym: natural

Derived terms

• artificialment
• intel·ligència artificial
• selecció artificial

Further reading

• “artificial” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

Galician

Etymology

From Latin artifici?lis.

Adjective

artificial m or f (plural artificiais)

1. artificial

Derived terms

• artificialmente

Further reading

• “artificial” in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega, Royal Galician Academy.

Portuguese

Etymology

From Latin artifici?lis.

Pronunciation

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /??tifi?sja?/
• Hyphenation: ar?ti?fi?ci?al

Adjective

artificial m or f (plural artificiais, comparable)

1. artificial

Derived terms

• artificialmente

Romanian

Etymology

From French artificiel, from Latin artificialis.

Adjective

artificial m or n (feminine singular artificial?, masculine plural artificiali, feminine and neuter plural artificiale)

1. artificial

Declension

Related terms

• artificializa

Spanish

Etymology

From Latin artifici?lis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Spain) /a?tifi??jal/, [a?.t?i.fi??jal]
• IPA^(key): (Latin America) /a?tifi?sjal/, [a?.t?i.fi?sjal]
• Hyphenation: ar?ti?fi?cial

Adjective

artificial (plural artificiales)

1. artificial

Derived terms

Related terms

• artificio
• artificioso

Further reading

• “artificial” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?æm/
• Rhymes: -æm

Etymology 1

Probably a dialectal form of shame.

Adjective

sham

1. Intended to deceive; false.

2. counterfeit; unreal
   • 1881, Benjamin Jowett, Thucydides

     They scorned the sham independence proffered to them by the Athenians.

Synonyms

• mock
• See also Thesaurus:fake

Antonyms

• genuine
• sincere
• real

Derived terms

• shammish

Translations

Noun

sham (countable and uncountable, plural shams)

1. A fake; an imitation that purports to be genuine.

2. Trickery, hoaxing.

3. A false front, or removable ornamental covering.
4. A decorative cover for a pillow.

Derived terms

• shamateur

Translations

See also

• pillow sham

Verb

sham (third-person singular simple present shams, present participle shamming, simple past and past participle shammed)

1. To deceive, cheat, lie.
2. To obtrude by fraud or imposition.
3. To assume the manner and character of; to imitate; to ape; to feign.

Translations

Etymology 2

Noun

sham (uncountable)

1. (slang) Champagne.
   • (Can we find and add a quotation of William Makepeace Thackeray to this entry?)

     So I orders a bottle, as if for myself; and, 'Ma'am,' says I, 'will you take a glass of Sham — just one?'

Further reading

• sham in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• sham in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
• sham at OneLook Dictionary Search

Anagrams

• AMHS, HMAS, HSAM, Hams, MASH, MHAs, MSHA, Mahs, Mash, SAHM, Sahm, hams, mash

Karakalpak

Etymology

From Arabic ????

Noun

sham

1. candle

Uzbek

Etymology

From Arabic ????

Noun

sham (plural shamlar)

1. candle