different between arrear vs responsibility

English

Etymology

From Middle English arere, from Old French arere, ariere, from Vulgar Latin *ad retro (“to the rear”).

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /?????/
• Rhymes: -??(?)

Adverb

arrear (comparative more arrear, superlative most arrear)

1. (obsolete) Towards the rear, backwards. [14th-16th c.]
   • 1591, Edmund Spenser, Virgil's Gnat, ll. 465-8:

     She, (Ladie) having well before approoved / The feends to be too cruell and severe, / Observ'd th' appointed way, as her behooved, / Ne ever did her ey-sight turne arere [...].

2. (obsolete) Behind time; overdue. [15th-19th c.]
   • 1803, Edward Hyde East, Reports of cases Argued and determined in the Court of King's Bench, London 1814, vol. 3, p. 559:

     In case the annuity should be arrear for sixty days being lawfully demanded, then the trustee might enter upon the premises assigned [...].

Noun

arrear (plural arrears)

1. Work to be done, obligation.
   • November 4, 1866, James David Forbes, letter to E. C. Batten

     I have a large arrear of letters to write.

   • 1897, Bram Stoker, Dracula

     My own work, with its manifold arrears, took me all day to clear off.
2. Unpaid debt.
3. That which is in the rear or behind.

Translations

Portuguese

Etymology

Possibly from a Vulgar Latin *arred?re (“arrange, provide”), from Gothic.

Verb

arrear (first-person singular present indicative arreio, past participle arreado)

1. (transitive) to harness (to place a harness on something)

   Synonym: aparelhar

Conjugation

Derived terms

• arreio

Spanish

Etymology

Possibly from a Vulgar Latin *arred?re (“arrange, provide”), from Gothic *???????????????? (*r?þs, “advice”). Cognate with English array. Less likely from arre +? -ar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /are?a?/, [a.re?a?]

Verb

arrear (first-person singular present arreo, first-person singular preterite arreé, past participle arreado)

1. to urge
2. to harness
3. to drive (cattle), herd

Conjugation

Further reading

• “arrear” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.

References

English

Etymology

From responsible +? -ity. Although the components are of French origin, the compound appears to have been formed in English. Later-attested French responsabilité is modeled on the English word, and Italian responsabilità is in turn modeled on the French.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /???sp?ns??b?l??i/

Noun

responsibility (countable and uncountable, plural responsibilities)

1. The state of being responsible, accountable, or answerable. [from 18th c.]

   Responsibility is a heavy burden.

2. The state of being liable, culpable, or responsible for something in particular.
3. A duty, obligation or liability for which someone is held accountable.

   Why didn't you clean the house? That was your responsibility!

   The responsibility of the great states is to serve and not to dominate the world - Harry S. Truman

   • 1961 May 9, Newton N. Minow, "Television and the Public Interest":

     If parents, teachers, and ministers conducted their responsibilities by following the ratings, children would have a steady diet of ice cream, school holidays, and no Sunday school.

4. (military) The obligation to carry forward an assigned task to a successful conclusion. With responsibility goes authority to direct and take the necessary action to ensure success.
5. (military) The obligation for the proper custody, care, and safekeeping of property or funds entrusted to the possession or supervision of an individual.

Synonyms

• responsibleness (may be considered nonstandard)

Related terms

• see respond

Translations

See also

• accountability

References

• responsibility at OneLook Dictionary Search
• responsibility in Keywords for Today: A 21st Century Vocabulary, edited by The Keywords Project, Colin MacCabe, Holly Yanacek, 2018.
• responsibility in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
• responsibility in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• James A. H. Murray [et al.], editors (1884–1928) , “Responsibility”, in A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles (Oxford English Dictionary), volume VIII, Part 1 (Q–R), London: Clarendon Press, OCLC 15566697, page 542, column 2.
• Feltus, C.; Petit, M. (2009). "Building a Responsibility Model Including Accountability, Capability and Commitment", Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ( IEEE ), Fukuoka, 2009. Building a Responsibility Model Including Accountability, Capability and Commitment