different between aristocracy vs bureaucracy
aristocracy
English
Etymology
Borrowed from Middle French aristocratie, from Medieval Latin *aristocratia, from Ancient Greek ???????????? (aristokratí?, “the rule of the best“, that is, “the best-born”, “nobility”), from ??????? (áristos, “best, noblest”) + -?????? (-kratí?), from ?????? (krátos, “power, rule”).
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /?æ.???st?k.??.si/
- (General American) IPA(key): /???.??st?k.??.si/
- Hyphenation: a?ris?to?cra?cy
Noun
aristocracy (countable and uncountable, plural aristocracies)
- The nobility, or the hereditary ruling class.
- Government by such a class, or a state with such a government
- A class of people considered (not normally universally) superior to others
Derived terms
- bunyip aristocracy
Related terms
Translations
Further reading
- aristocracy in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
- aristocracy in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
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bureaucracy
English
Alternative forms
- bureaucratie
- bureau-ocracy (dated)
- burocracy (American)
Etymology
bureau +? -cracy, from French bureaucratie, coined by Jean Claude Marie Vincent de Gournay from bureau (“office”) + -cratie (“rule of”)
Pronunciation
- (UK) IPA(key): /bj?????k??si/
- (US) IPA(key): /bj?????k??si/
Noun
bureaucracy (countable and uncountable, plural bureaucracies)
- Government by bureaus or their administrators or officers.
- (business, organizational theory) A system of administration based upon organisation into bureaus, division of labour, a hierarchy of authority, etc., designed to dispose of a large body of work in a routine manner.
- The body of officers and administrators, especially of a government.
- Excessive red tape and routine in any administration, body or behaviour.
Derived terms
- bureaucrat
- bureaucratese
- bureaucratic
- bureaucratically
Translations
See also
- adhocracy
Further reading
- "bureaucracy" in Raymond Williams, Keywords (revised), 1983, Fontana Press, page 49.
bureaucracy From the web:
- what bureaucracy means
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- what's bureaucracy in german
- bureaucracy consists of
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