different between bureaucracy vs clarification

English

Alternative forms

• bureaucratie
• bureau-ocracy (dated)
• burocracy (American)

Etymology

bureau +? -cracy, from French bureaucratie, coined by Jean Claude Marie Vincent de Gournay from bureau (“office”) + -cratie (“rule of”)

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /bj?????k??si/
• (US) IPA^(key): /bj?????k??si/

Noun

bureaucracy (countable and uncountable, plural bureaucracies)

1. Government by bureaus or their administrators or officers.
2. (business, organizational theory) A system of administration based upon organisation into bureaus, division of labour, a hierarchy of authority, etc., designed to dispose of a large body of work in a routine manner.

3. The body of officers and administrators, especially of a government.

4. Excessive red tape and routine in any administration, body or behaviour.

Derived terms

• bureaucrat
• bureaucratese
• bureaucratic
• bureaucratically

Translations

See also

• adhocracy

Further reading

• "bureaucracy" in Raymond Williams, Keywords (revised), 1983, Fontana Press, page 49.

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Middle French clarification, from Latin cl?rific?ti?.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?klæ??f??ke???n/
• Rhymes: -e???n

Noun

clarification (countable and uncountable, plural clarifications)

1. The act of clarifying; the act or process of making clear or transparent by freeing visible impurities; particularly, the clearing or fining of liquid substances from feculent matter by the separation of the insoluble particles which prevent the liquid from being transparent.

2. The act of freeing from obscurities.

Quotations

• 1627, Sir Francis Bacon, Sylva Sylvarum: Or a Natural History in Ten Centuries

  To know the means of accelerating clarification [in liquors] we must know the causes of clarification.

Related terms

• clarifier
• clarify

Translations

See also

• qualification
• sedimentation

References

• clarification in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.

French

Etymology

Inherited from Middle French clarification, from Latin cl?rific?ti?; equivalent to clarifier +? -ation.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kla.?i.fi.ka.sj??/
• Rhymes: -??

Noun

clarification f (plural clarifications)

1. clarification

Related terms

• see clair

Further reading

• “clarification” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Middle French

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin cl?rific?ti?.

Noun

clarification f (plural clarifications)

1. clarification

Descendants

• French: clarification
• ? English: clarification