different between abate vs aberrate

English

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /??be?t/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /??be?t/
• Rhymes: -e?t

Etymology 1

From Middle English abaten, from Old French abatre (“to beat down”) (possibly via Middle French), from Late Latin abbatto, from ab- (“away”) + batto, from Latin battuere (“to beat”). Cognate to modern French abattre.

Verb

abate (third-person singular simple present abates, present participle abating, simple past and past participle abated)

1. (transitive, obsolete outside law) To put an end to; to cause to cease. [attested since about 1150 to 1350]

2. (intransitive) To become null and void. [attested since the late 15th century]

3. (transitive, law) To nullify; make void. [attested since the late 15th century]

4. (transitive, obsolete) To humble; to lower in status; to bring someone down physically or mentally. [attested from around 1150 to 1350 until the mid 1600s]

   • The hyer that they were in this present lyf, the moore shulle they be abated and defouled in helle.

5. (intransitive, obsolete) To be humbled; to be brought down physically or mentally. [attested from around 1150 to 1350 until the mid 1600s]
6. (transitive, obsolete) To curtail; to deprive. [attested from around 1350 to 1470 until the mid 1800s]
   • 1605, William Shakespeare, King Lear, II.ii:

     She hath abated me of half my train.

7. (transitive) To reduce in amount, size, or value. [attested since 1325]

   • His eye was not dim, nor his natural force abated.

8. (intransitive) To decrease in size, value, or amount. [attested since 1325]
9. (transitive) To moderate; to lessen in force, intensity, to subside. [attested since around 1150 to 1350]
   • 1597, Francis Bacon Essays or Counsels, Civil and Morall:

     Not that they feel it so, but only to abate the edge of envy.

   • 1855, Thomas Babington Macaulay, The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, Part 3, page 267:

     The fury of Glengarry […] rapidly abated.

10. (intransitive) To decrease in intensity or force; to subside. [attested since around 1150 to 1350]
    • c. 1719, Daniel Defoe, Robinson Crusoe:

      […] in the morning, the wind having abated overnight, the sea was calm, […]

11. (transitive) To deduct or omit. [attested since around 1350 to 1470]
12. (transitive) To bar or except. [attested since the late 1500s]
13. (transitive) To cut away or hammer down, in such a way as to leave a figure in relief, as a sculpture, or in metalwork.
14. (transitive, obsolete) To dull the edge or point of; to blunt. [attested from the mid 1500s till the late 1600s]
15. (transitive, archaic) To destroy, or level to the ground. [attested since around 1350 to 1470]
    • 1542, Edward Hall, The Union of the Noble and Illustre Famelies of Lancastre and York:

      The kynge of Scottes planted his siege before the castell of Norham, and sore abated the walls.

Synonyms

• (bring down or reduce): lessen; diminish; contract; moderate; cut short; decrease; lower; suppress; terminate; remove; remit; slacken
• (diminish in force or intensity): diminish; subside; decline; wane; ebb; mitigate; assuage; temper; alleviate; relax
• (bring someone down): humble; depress; appease; pacify; soothe; soften; tranquilize
• (come to naught): fall through; fail

Antonyms

• (bring down or reduce): augment, accelerate, aggravate, amplify, continue, develop, enhance, enlarge, extend, foment, increase, intensify, magnify, prolong, raise, rise, revive

Derived terms

Related terms

Translations

Noun

abate (plural abates)

1. (obsolete) Abatement. [from around 1400 until the late 1600s]

Etymology 2

From Anglo-Norman abatre, an alteration of enbatre, from Old French en + batre (“to beat”).

Verb

abate (third-person singular simple present abates, present participle abating, simple past and past participle abated)

1. (intransitive, law) to enter a tenement without permission after the owner has died and before the heir takes possession. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]

Etymology 3

From Italian abate, from Latin abb?s, abb?tis, from Ancient Greek ????? (abbâs), from Aramaic ???? (’abb?, “father”). Doublet of abbot.

Alternative forms

• abbate

Noun

abate (plural abates)

1. an Italian abbot, or other member of the clergy. [First attested in the early 18th century.]

References

• abate at OneLook Dictionary Search
• abate in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.

Anagrams

• abeat

Italian

Alternative forms

• abbate

Etymology

From Late Latin abb?tem, accusative form of abb?s, from Ancient Greek ????? (abbâs), from Aramaic ???? (’abb?, “father”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /a?ba.te/
• Rhymes: -ate
• Hyphenation: a?bà?te

Noun

abate m (plural abati, feminine badessa)

1. abbot

Derived terms

• abatino (diminutive)
• abatonzolo (pejorative)

Related terms

Descendants

• ? Albanian: abat
• ? Belarusian: ???? (abat)
• ? Bulgarian: ???? (abat)
• ? English: abate
• ? Romanian: abate
• ? Russian: ????? (abbat)
• ? Ukrainian: ???? (abat)

Anagrams

• beata

References

• abate in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
• abate in Dizionario Italiano Olivetti

Latvian

Etymology

From abats (“abbott”) +? -e (fem.).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [abat?]

Noun

abate f (5th declension, masculine form: abats)

1. abbess (the female superior of a Catholic abbey or nunnery)

Declension

Related terms

• abatija

Further reading

• abate at tezaurs.lv

Lithuanian

Pronunciation 1

• IPA^(key): [?b.??t??]

Noun

abatè

1. locative singular of abatas
2. instrumental singular of abat?

Pronunciation 2

• IPA^(key): [?b?a?.t??]

Noun

abãte

1. vocative singular of abatas
2. vocative singular of abat?

Middle English

Verb

abate

1. Alternative form of abaten

Portuguese

Verb

abate

1. third-person singular (ele and ela, also used with você and others) present indicative of abater
2. second-person singular (tu, sometimes used with você) affirmative imperative of abater

Romanian

Etymology 1

From Vulgar Latin *abbatere, present active infinitive of *abbat?, *abbatu?, from Latin battu?.

Verb

a abate (third-person singular present abate, past participle ab?tut) 3rd conj.

1. to stray (often figuratively in a moral sense), derogate, deviate, divert from, digress

   Synonyms: devia, îndep?rta

2. to change paths, swerve from, wander from
3. (reflexive) to stop (going a certain way)

   Synonym: opri

4. to dissuade
5. to knock down

   Synonyms: d?râma, da jos

Conjugation

Derived terms

• abatere

Related terms

• bate

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Italian abate, from Latin abb?s, abb?tis, from Ancient Greek ????? (abbâs), from Aramaic ???? (’abb?, “father”).

Noun

abate m (plural aba?i)

1. abbot

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /a?bate/, [a???a.t?e]

Verb

abate

1. Third-person singular (él, ella, also used with usted^?) present indicative form of abatir.
2. Informal second-person singular (tú) affirmative imperative form of abatir.

English

Etymology

From Latin aberr?tus, perfect passive participle of aberr? (“wander, stray or deviate from”), formed from ab (“from, away from”) + err? (“stray”).

Pronunciation

• (US) IPA^(key): /?æb.?.?e?t/

Verb

aberrate (third-person singular simple present aberrates, present participle aberrating, simple past and past participle aberrated)

1. (intransitive) To go astray; to diverge; to deviate (from); deviate from. [mid 18th century]
   • 1765, Peter Dollond, letter to James Short dated 7 February, 1765, in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Volume 55, London, 1766, p. 55,^[1]

     […] the surfaces of the concave lens may be so proportioned as to aberrate exactly equal to the convex lens, near the axis […]

   • 1812, John Brady, Clavis Calendaria, London, for the author, Volume I, p. 229,^[2]

     Such, indeed, were the primitive regulations of the greater number of monastic institutions; but the abominable and luxurious indulgences into which they afterwards aberrated, the page of history amply unfolds.

   • 1839, Thomas De Quincey, “Lake Reminiscences: No. V, Southey, Wordsworth, and Coleridge” originally published in Tait’s Magazine, August 1839, in David Masson (editor), The Collected Writings of Thomas De Quincey, London: A. & C. Black, 1896, Volume 2, Chapter 5, pp. 340-341,^[3]

     […] the barriers, which to them limit the view, and give to it, together with the contraction, all the distinctness and definite outline of limitation, are, in nine cases out of ten, the product of their own defective and aberrating vision, and not real barriers at all.

   • 1951, William Faulkner, Requiem for a Nun, New York: Vintage, 1975, Act Two, Scene 2, pp. 173-174,^[4]

     […] after all the Governor of a Southern state has got to try to act like he regrets having to aberrate from being a gentleman—

2. (transitive) To distort; to cause aberration of. [late 19th century]
   • 1893, Bret Harte, Sally Dows, Chapter 6, in Sally Dows and Other Stories, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, p. 104,^[5]

     He saw them through no aberrating mist of tenderness or expediency—but with the single directness of the man of action.

   • 1918, Theodore Dreiser, “The Lost Phœbe” in Free and Other Stories, New York: Boni and Liveright, p. 122,^[6]

     He and Phœbe had had a senseless quarrel […] and she had left. It was an aberrated fulfillment of her old jesting threat that if he did not behave himself she would leave him.

   • 1934, Archibald Belaney, Pilgrims of the Wild, London: Lovat Dickson & Thompson, 1935, Chapter 1,^[7]

     Don’t imagine that there was any sudden and complete renunciation such as overcomes the luckless and often temporarily aberrated victim of a highly emotionalized revival meeting; this would have been, at best, but temporary.

   • 1950, Louis S. London, Sexual Deviations, cited in reviews in Time, 17 April, 1950 (“Medicine: The Abnormal”)^[8] and Journal of the Indiana State Medical Association, Volume 43, August, 1950, p. 802,^[9]

     […] sexually aberrated individuals can be treated most successfully via the method of psycho-analytic psychotherapy.

   • 2014, James Adams, “Group of who? A new book paints the fullest picture yet of Canada’s vision of Impressionism,” The Globe and Mail, 5 December, 2014,^[10]

     As these monographs and as these occasional exhibition catalogues on some handful of Canadian Impressionists started to appear, once again, I was surprised (to say it with the utmost respect) that they were aberrated, there was no timeline, there was no continuity.

Usage notes

• The transitive sense is chiefly used in the past participle form (as aberrated).

Related terms

• aberr
• aberrance
• aberrant
• aberration

Translations

References

Italian

Verb

aberrate

1. second-person plural present indicative of aberrare
2. second-person plural imperative of aberrare
3. feminine plural of aberrato

Latin

Verb

aberr?te

1. second-person plural present active imperative of aberr?