different between zither vs dither

English

Etymology

Borrowed from German Zither, from Old High German zithara, from Latin cithara, from Ancient Greek ?????? (kithára, “a kind of harp”). Doublet of cithara, cither, and guitar.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /?z?.ð?/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /?z?.ð?/
• Rhymes: -?ð?(?)

Noun

zither (plural zithers)

1. (music) A musical instrument consisting of a flat sounding box with numerous strings placed on a horizontal surface, played with a plectrum or fingertips.
2. (music, translations) Related or similar instruments in other cultures, such as the Chinese guqin or Norwegian harpeleik; especially any chordophone without a neck, and with strings that pass over the body.

Derived terms

Translations

See also

• (similar instruments) autoharp, dulcimer, harpeleik

References

• 2010. Appalachian Dulcimer. Ralph Lee Smith. Pg. 6.

Verb

zither (third-person singular simple present zithers, present participle zithering, simple past and past participle zithered)

1. To play a zither.
   • 1892, Edmund Gosse, The Secret of Narcisse, New York: United States Book Company, Chapter 3, pp. 100, 102,^[1]

     […] the fluting began again. Not alone this time, but, to Rosalie’s infinite surprise, accompanied on a zither. […] At this moment the fluting and zithering began again.

   • 1906, William John Locke, The Belovéd Vagabond, New York: John Lane, 1911, Chapter 9, pp. 120-121,^[2]

     We wandered and fiddled and zithered and tambourined through France till the chills and rains of autumn rendered our vagabondage less merry.

   • 1999, Richard Hacken (translator), “Mary in Misery” by Peter Rosegger in Into the Sunset: Anthology of Nineteenth-Century Austrian Prose, Riverside, CA: Ariadne Press, pp. 413-414,^[3]

     We traveled far and wide: he played the zither while I sang an accompaniment. […] He keeps zithering, and I sing like before, and before long we’ve put together a pretty good pile of money . . .

2. To make a sound similar to that made by a zither; to move while making such a sound.
   • c. 1890, May Ostlere, Dead! London: Trischler, Chapter 3, p. 76,^[4]

     Now [the wind] swithered through the badly-fixed windows, making zithering sounds as of an army of cold and frozen-out mosquitoes […]

   • 1956, Gerald Durrell, My Family and Other Animals, Penguin, 2000, Part Two, Chapter 10, p. 123,^[5]

     The olives seemed weighed down under the weight of their fruit, smooth drops of green jade among which the choirs of cicadas zithered.

   • 1985, Kim Chapin, Dogwood Afternoons, New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, Chapter 19, p. 178,^[6]

     Once I owned a bike […] It had no fenders and one gear only, and on the forks, both fore and aft, I clipped some plastic playing cards to zither loudly through the spokes.

   • 1996, Carl Huberman, Eminent Domain, London: Macmillan, Chapter 38, p. 328,^[7]

     ‘Look at that!’ she shouted, already backing up the Jeep, its tyres zithering on the crusty surface.

   • 2004, Matt Braun, Black Gold, New York: St Martin’s Paperbacks, Chapter Fifteen, p. 158,^[8]

     The other men opened fire with pistols, slugs zithering past him with a dull whine.

English

Etymology

Variant of didder, from Middle English didderen (“to tremble”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *titr?n?, whence also derived Old High German zittar?n (German zittern) and Old Norse titra (Faroese titra, Icelandic titra).

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /?d?ð?/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /?d?ð?/
• Rhymes: -?ð?(?)

Verb

dither (third-person singular simple present dithers, present participle dithering, simple past and past participle dithered) (intransitive)

1. To tremble, shake, or shiver with cold.
   • 1913, D.H. Lawrence, Sons and Lovers, chapter 8

     Presently he came running out of the scullery, with the soapy water dripping from him, dithering with cold.

2. To be uncertain or unable to make a decision about doing something.
   • 2012, The Economist, Sept. 22nd issue, Indian Reform: At Last

     The dithering Mr Singh of recent times may worry that his reform proposals are already too bold. The reforming Mr Singh of yore would see them as just the start.

3. To do something nervously.
4. (computer graphics) To render an approximation of (an image, etc.) by using dot patterns to approximate (the features of) colors not in the system palette.
5. To intentionally add noise to a signal to randomize errors.

Derived terms

• ditherer
• dithering
• ditheringly
• dithery

Related terms

• dodder

Translations

Noun

dither (countable and uncountable, plural dithers)

1. The state of being undecided.

1. A form of noise which is intentionally applied to randomize errors which occur in the processing of both digital audio and digital video data.
2. (computer graphics) The use of dot patterns to approximate colors not available in the palette.

Derived terms

• in a dither

Translations

Further reading

• Douglas Harper (2001–2021) , “dither”, in Online Etymology Dictionary

Anagrams

• drieth, rideth, thirde