different between warm vs earnest

English

Alternative forms

• warme (obsolete)

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /w??m/
• (US) IPA^(key): /w??m/
• Rhymes: -??(?)m

Etymology 1

From Middle English warm, werm, from Old English wearm, from Proto-West Germanic *warm, from Proto-Germanic *warmaz, with different proposed origins:

1. Proto-Indo-European *g??er- (“warm, hot”), related to Ancient Greek ?????? (thermós), Latin formus, Sanskrit ???? (gharma).
2. Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to burn”), related to Hittite [script needed] (warnuzi) and to Old Church Slavonic ?????? (variti).

The dispute is due to differing opinions on how initial Proto-Indo-European *g??- evolved in Germanic: some think that *g?? would have turned to *b, and that the root *g??er- would instead have given rise to burn etc. Some have also proposed a merger of the two roots.

Adjective

warm (comparative warmer, superlative warmest)

1. Having a temperature slightly higher than usual, but still pleasant; mildly hot.

   The tea is still warm.

   This is a very warm room.

   • 1863, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, The Herons of Elmwood

     Warm and still is the summer night.
2. Caring and friendly, of relations to another person.

   We have a warm friendship.

3. Having a color in the red-orange-yellow part of the visible electromagnetic spectrum.
4. Close, often used in the context of a game in which "warm" and "cold" are used to indicate nearness to the goal.
   • 1876, William Black, Madcap Violet

     Here, indeed, young Mr. Dowse was getting "warm", as children say at blindman's buff.

5. Fresh, of a scent; still able to be traced.
6. (figuratively) Communicating a sense of comfort, ease, or pleasantness

   a warm piano sound

7. (archaic) Ardent, zealous.

   a warm debate, with strong words exchanged

   • I had been none of the warmest of partisans.

   • 1776, Edward Gibbon, The History of The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Chapter 1

     To the strength and fierceness of barbarians they added a contempt for life, which was derived from a warm persuasion of the immortality and transmigration of the soul.

8. (archaic, colloquial) Well off as to property, or in good circumstances; rich.

   • I know the Stuyvesant family —puff— every one of them —puff— not a more respectable family in the province —puff— old standards —puff— warm householders —puff— none of your upstarts

   • You shall have a draught upon him, payable at sight: and let me tell you he is as warm a man as any within five miles round him.

9. (archaic) Requiring arduous effort.
   • 1929, The Listener (issues 41-50, page 552)

     The circular iron platform over there is used in the task of tyring the wheels, a warm job, too, by the way.

Synonyms

• See also Thesaurus:warm
• See also Thesaurus:affectionate
• See also Thesaurus:difficult

Antonyms

• (mild temperature): Arctic, cold, cool, frozen
• (caring): Arctic, cold, cool, frozen

Derived terms

Translations

See also

• heated
• hot
• steamy
• temperature
• tepid

Etymology 2

From Old English werman.

Verb

warm (third-person singular simple present warms, present participle warming, simple past and past participle warmed)

1. (transitive) To make or keep warm.

   • Then shall it [an ash tree] be for a man to burn; for he will take thereof and warm himself.

   • 1825, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Morituri Salutamus

     enough to warm, but not enough to burn

2. (intransitive) To become warm, to heat up.

   The earth soon warms on a clear summer day.

3. (intransitive) To favour increasingly.

4. (intransitive) To become ardent or animated.

   The speaker warms as he proceeds.

5. (transitive) To make engaged or earnest; to interest; to engage; to excite ardor or zeal in; to enliven.
   • November 20, 1717, Alexander Pope, letter to the Bishop of Rochester

     there was a collection of all that had been written{{..}}: I warmed my head with them.

   • Bright hopes, that erst the bosom warmed.

6. (transitive, colloquial) To beat or spank.
   • 1945, The Atlantic (volume 176, page 94)

     Not bothering to turn around and not missing a mouthful, Myrtle comforted her with threats of "I'll warm your bottom"; "I'll turn you over to your dad"; "I'll lock you in the truck"; "I'll send for the bogey man" — all of which Darleen ignored […]

Derived terms

• like death warmed over

Translations

Noun

warm (plural warms)

1. (colloquial) The act of warming, or the state of being warmed; a heating.

Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch warm, from Middle Dutch warm, from Old Dutch warm, from Proto-Germanic *warmaz.

Adjective

warm (attributive warmer, comparative warmste, superlative warmste)

1. warm

Alemannic German

Alternative forms

• woare, woarm, wore, wérme

Etymology

From Middle High German warm, from Old High German warm. Cognate with German warm, Dutch warm, English warm, Icelandic varmur.

Adjective

warm

1. (Formazza) warm

References

• “warm” in Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Ünsarne Börtar [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch warm, from Old Dutch warm, from Proto-West Germanic *warm, from Proto-Germanic *warmaz, of uncertain origin; derivations from either Proto-Indo-European *g??er- (“warm, hot”) or *wer- (“to burn”) have been proposed.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??r(?)m/
• Hyphenation: warm
• Rhymes: -?rm

Adjective

warm (comparative warmer, superlative warmst)

1. warm, hot

   Antonym: koud

2. (meteorology, officially) 20 °C or more

Inflection

Derived terms

• warmte
• warmwater

Descendants

• Afrikaans: warm

See also

• tropisch
• zomers

German

Etymology

From Middle High German and Old High German warm.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /varm/, [va?m], [va??m], [va?m], [?-]

Adjective

warm (comparative wärmer, superlative am wärmsten)

1. warm; mildly hot

   Antonyms: kalt, kühl

2. (of clothes) warm; keeping the wearer warm
3. (dated, except in warmer Bruder) homosexual, gay

   Synonym: schwul

Usage notes

• German warm means “warm”, but not “feeling warm”; therefore the phrase ich bin warm (literally “I am warm”) would mean that one’s body has a high temperature, particularly that one’s skin is warm on the outside. The English “I am warm” (that is: I feel warm) is equivalent to German mir ist warm (literally “to me it's warm”).
• Although warm (“gay”) is not in general use, this sense is current enough to make it advisable not to describe the relation between two men as warm (unless the implication is intended).

Declension

Derived terms

Adverb

warm

1. (of rent-paying) including utilities

   Antonym: kalt

Derived terms

• Warmmiete

Further reading

• “warm” in Duden online

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch warm, from Proto-West Germanic *warm

Adjective

warm

1. warm, hot
2. warm, keeping the wearer warm (of clothes)
3. warm (of emotions)

Inflection

This adjective needs an inflection-table template.

Alternative forms

• w?erm
• werm

Descendants

• Dutch: warm
  • Afrikaans: warm
• Limburgish: werm
• West Flemish: werm

Further reading

• “warm”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929) , “warm”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, ?ISBN

Middle English

Alternative forms

• warme, werm, wearm

Etymology

From Old English wearm

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /warm/, /w?rm/

Adjective

warm (plural and weak singular warme, comparative warmer, superlative warmest)

1. (temperature) warm, mildly hot
2. (weather) warm, pleasant, mild
3. heated, warmed
4. (locations or garments) having a tendency to be warm; designed to stay warm
5. Being at a healthy temperature
6. enthusiastic, vigourous

Descendants

• Scots: wairm
• English: warm

References

• “warm, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-03-26.

Noun

warm

1. warmness, heat

References

• “warm, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-03-26.

Old High German

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *warm

Adjective

warm

1. warm

Derived terms

• warm?

Descendants

• Middle High German: warm
  • Alemannic German: warm
    • Italian Walser: warm, woare, woarm, wore, wérme
  • Bavarian: borm
    • Cimbrian: barm
    • Mòcheno: bòrm
    • Udinese: borm, borbm, boarm
  • Central Franconian: wärm, warm
    • Hunsrik: waarem
  • German: warm
  • Luxembourgish: waarm
  • Yiddish: ???????? (varem)

Old Saxon

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *warm (“warm”)

Adjective

warm (comparative warmoro, superlative warmost)

1. warm

Declension

Descendants

• Low German: warm

English

Pronunciation

• (General American) IPA^(key): /??n?st/
• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /???n?st/
• Homophone: Ernest

Etymology 1

From Middle English ernest, eornest, from Old English eornest, eornost, eornust (“earnestness, zeal, seriousness, battle”), from Proto-Germanic *ernustuz (“earnest, strength, solidity, struggle, fight”), a derivative of Proto-Germanic *arniz (“efficient, capable, diligent, sure”), from Proto-Indo-European *er- (“to cause to move, arouse, increase”). Cognate with West Frisian earnst (“earnest, seriousness”), Dutch ernst (“seriousness, gravity, earnest”), German Ernst (“seriousness, earnestness, zeal, vigour”), Icelandic ern (“brisk, vigorous”), Gothic ???????????????????????? (arniba, “secure, certain, sure”).

The adjective is from Middle English eornest, from Old English eornoste (“earnest, zealous, serious”), from the noun. Cognate with North Frisian ernste (“earnest”), Middle Low German ernest, ernst (“serious, earnest”), German ernst (“serious, earnest”).

Noun

earnest (uncountable)

1. Gravity; serious purpose; earnestness.
   • 1914, February 13, The Times, Obituary: Canon Augustus Jessopp

     He wrote well in a forcible, colloquial style, with the air of being tremendously in earnest, and full of knowledge which overflowed his pages, tricked out with somewhat boisterous illustrations.

   • c. 1575-a 1586, Sir Philip Sidney, The Countess of Pembroke's Arcadia

     Take heed that this jest do not one day turn to earnest.

   • c. 1592, William Shakespeare, Richard III: Act 5, Scene 1

     That high All-Seer which I dallied with

     Hath turn'd my feigned prayer on my head

     And given in earnest what I begg'd in jest.

2. Seriousness; reality; actuality (as opposed to joking or pretence)

Derived terms

• earnestful
• in earnest

Translations

Verb

earnest (third-person singular simple present earnests, present participle earnesting, simple past and past participle earnested)

1. (transitive) To be serious with; use in earnest.
   • 1602, Pastor Fido:

     Let's prove among ourselves our armes in jest, That when we come to earnest them with men, We may them better use.

Adjective

earnest (comparative earnester or more earnest, superlative earnestest or most earnest)

1. (said of an action or an utterance) Serious or honest
2. (with a positive sense) Focused in the pursuit of an objective; eager to obtain or do.

3. Intent; focused; showing a lot of concentration.

4. (said of a person or a person's character) Possessing or characterised by seriousness.

5. Strenuous; diligent.

6. Serious; weighty; of a serious, weighty, or important nature; important.

Derived terms

• earnestly
• earnestness
• in earnest

Translations

Etymology 2

Of uncertain origin; apparently related to erres. Compare also arles.

Noun

earnest (plural earnests)

1. A sum of money paid in advance as a deposit; hence, a pledge, a guarantee, an indication of something to come.

   • Now he that hath wrought us for the selfsame thing is God, who also hath given unto us the earnest of the Spirit.

   • 1990, Peter Hopkirk, The Great Game, Folio Society 2010, p. 365:

     But if all this was viewed by Gladstone and the Cabinet as an earnest of St Petersburg's future good intentions in Central Asia, then disillusionment was soon to follow.

Translations

See also

• Earnest
• earnest money

Etymology 3

earn +? -est

Verb

earnest

1. (archaic) second-person singular simple present form of earn

Anagrams

• Eastern, Saetern, Tareens, eastern, estrane, nearest, renates, sterane